两种长杆弹侵彻半无限厚装甲钢靶研究

采用海37 mm弹道炮发射次口径钨合金和钨纤维增强非晶复合长杆弹进行了高速侵彻装甲钢靶试验,并借助三维非线性动力有限元程序ANSYS LS-DYNA对1.0~2.6 km/s速度条件下两种长杆弹侵彻半无限厚装甲钢靶问题进行了数值模拟,分析了弹体材料和速度对其侵彻性能的影响,并对其毁伤机理进行了初步分析.实验与数值计算结果均表明钨纤维增强非晶复合长杆弹的侵彻性能优于钨合金长杆弹;实验侵彻过程中,钨纤维增强非晶复合长杆弹产生了自锐现象,而钨合金长杆弹则是形成了蘑菇头;数值模拟结果表明两种长杆弹的破坏模式随入射弹速的变化而变化.     

A3钢抗高速杆弹侵彻的数值模拟与实验研究

为研究高强度钢杆弹侵彻低强度钢靶板的侵彻规律,运用AUTODYN动力学软件对35CrMnSiA杆弹在1.0～1.8 km/s着速下对A3钢半无限靶的侵彻过程进行了仿真和实验研究.数值模拟和实验分别采用动力有限元-光滑粒子动力学(FE-SPH)耦合算法和侵彻深度(DOP)方法进行.计算及实验结果的一致证明了FE-SPH耦合算法在该文工况下的适用性.研究表明,高强度钢弹侵彻低强度靶的过程分为破碎侵彻和刚性侵彻2个阶段,侵深随着速单调非增而剩余弹长随着速单调递减.     

弹体侵彻混凝土的三维数值模拟研究

随着技术的发展,弹体侵彻速度已经由低速侵彻(侵彻速度<900 m/s)向高速侵彻(1 200 m/s<侵彻速度<1 700 m/s)发展. 这将导致弹体的侵彻性能发生本质性变化,严重影响弹体在混凝土中的运动轨迹,甚至会导致弹体的破坏与失效. 侵彻过程中弹体所受到的压力极高,并且会产生大变形,对该过程进行全物理场的数值模拟需要处理大变形、多物质界面以及各类强间断的问题. 针对三维冲击问题数值模拟的困难,课题组设计了三维爆炸与冲击问题高性能仿真软件(Explosion-3D). 采用该软件对弹体高速侵彻混凝土进行数值模拟研究,弹体材料选用普通的45#钢,研究其在高速侵彻下的弹体形状的变化情况,采用对混合网格的处理来描述弹体的磨损. 数值模拟结果表明,对于45#钢这类普通材料,当其高速(1 400 m/s)侵彻混凝土时,弹体头部将出现严重变化且侵彻深度急剧下降.     

陶瓷复合靶侵彻问题的数值模拟研究

在质点网格法的基础上,提出了质点映射算法,给出了在欧拉算法下脆性材料累积损伤破坏的数值方法. 将陶瓷材料的JH-2损伤本构模型嵌入自主开发的MMIC-2D欧拉型爆炸与冲击问题数值模拟程序中,利用该程序对钨杆侵彻陶瓷复合靶板问题进行了数值模拟,获得了靶板的动态破坏过程图像,并分析了盖板和侧向约束对抗侵彻能力的影响. 数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了算法的有效性.     

炸高对钨铜射流空气及水中侵彻的影响

为了研究炸高对射流空气及水中侵彻深度的影响,利用AUTODYN软件数值模拟了钨铜合金射流在空气及水中对钢板的侵彻深度.研究结果表明,无论空气还是水中侵彻,都存在一个最佳炸高;当炸高小于4倍装药直径时,水中侵彻深度大于空气中情形;水介质在一定程度上起着炸高的作用,同时对射流头部又产生侵蚀效果.     

攻角对长杆弹高速斜侵彻性能的影响

为了提高穿甲弹的侵彻性能,研究了攻角对杆式弹侵彻性能的影响规律。利用非线性动力学有限元分析软件,对长径比为21的钨芯长杆弹高速斜侵彻匀质钢板进行了一系列数值模拟,得到了侵蚀杆式弹侵彻半无限靶板时弹靶系统的变化过程。理论计算及数值模拟均表明,带攻角侵彻时弹道轨迹向有利于穿透靶板的一侧偏转。通过对剩余动能、侵彻深度、剩余速度、穿透时间各因素的分析,得出了对长径比为21的钨合金杆式弹穿深有利的攻角范围为-0.2°δ0°,给弹丸设计及发射过程中的参数优化提供理论依据。     

EFP侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶实验运动网格法模拟

为高效地实现EFP弹丸成型、飞行及大炸高下侵彻氧化铝陶瓷/金属复合靶过程的数值模拟研究,采用JH-2模型描述99氧化铝陶瓷本构关系,运动网格法进行流场计算,流固耦合算法实现EFP对复合靶板的侵彻作用.该方法解决了EFP在大炸高下形成及侵彻靶板过程计算总网格数过多问题,获得了侵彻过程中陶瓷的损伤演化和分布以及在A3钢背板中的侵彻深度.结果表明:数值模拟所得EFP头部速度值与实验值基本一致,尾部速度值略高于实验值,EFP的长径比略高于实验值;在背板中的残余侵深比实验结果略高,但差别不大;EFP在钢背板中的残余侵彻深度随陶瓷厚度的增加而减小,残余侵深与陶瓷厚度之间基本呈线性关系.     

钨球高速侵彻低碳钢板成坑直径的计算模型

为研究钨球对低碳钢板高速侵彻成坑直径的分析方法.采用12.7mm弹道枪和57.5mm/14.5mm二级轻气炮加载方式,进行了Φ6mm和Φ7mm钨球以600~2400m/s撞击速度侵彻不同厚度Q235A钢板实验,根据实验现象分析了弹-靶作用过程,对不同侵彻速度下钢板上侵彻孔边缘进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察.研究结果表明,撞击速度在1000m/s时,靶体破坏以动态断裂为主,当撞击速度达到1500m/s以上时靶体破坏以塑性流动为主;据此,同时考虑钨球塑性变形、靶体动态屈服和塑性流动,建立了钨球高速侵彻低碳钢板成坑直径的计算模型,模型计算结果与实验偏差在12%以内.      

动能弹低速侵彻装甲靶板过载数值模拟

 数值模拟和实验研究动能弹侵彻装甲靶板作用行为,初步获得了着速、着角对过载的影响规律。AUTODYN-3D数值模拟结果表明,着速、着角对侵彻过载影响明显,侵彻过载峰值随着速的增加而增大,随着着角增大而减小,但变化趋势有所缓和。针对不同速度正侵彻问题进行了实验验证,数值模拟结果与实验结果较为吻合,结果均表明,随着速度的增加,过载呈现出明显增大的趋势,且最大过载出现时间为0.05—0.2ms范围内。     

高速碰撞下二次破片光滑粒子流体力学法数值模拟

采用AUTODYN-2D无网格光滑粒子流体力学方法(SPH)数值技术,对遭遇速度为1.5～2.5 km/s下圆柱钨弹丸垂直碰撞装甲靶板产生的二次破片云分布特征进行了数值模拟,获得了不同碰撞速度下靶板穿孔直径及破片云前端运动速度、侧向膨胀速度和最大飞散角等分布特征.在此基础上,建立了二次破片云质量及空间分布预测模型.结果表明,数值模拟和模型预测均与实验结果相吻合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that