利用不对称极化门方案增强阿秒脉冲的强度

理论提出了一种利用不对称极化门方案来增强阿秒脉冲强度的方法.结果表明,当两束圆偏振激光场采用不对称的强度时,不仅谐波干涉减小,而且谐波辐射强度明显增强,呈现了一个带宽在85 eV几乎由单一量子路径贡献产生的超长连续平台区.最后,通过叠加该平台区的谐波辐射光谱可以获得一个半高全宽在52 as的超短单个阿秒脉冲.     

Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization

The magnetoelectric effect--the induction of magnetization by means of an electric field and induction of polarization by means of a magnetic field--was first presumed to exist by Pierre Curie, and subsequently attracted a great deal of interest in the 1960s and 1970s (refs 2-4). More recently, related studies on magnetic ferroelectrics have signalled a revival of interest in this phenomenon. From a technological point of view, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is an attractive possibility, but the number of candidate materials is limited and the effects are typically too small to be useful in applications. Here we report the discovery of ferroelectricity in a perovskite manganite, TbMnO3, where the effect of spin frustration causes sinusoidal antiferromagnetic ordering. The modulated magnetic structure is accompanied by a magnetoelastically induced lattice modulation, and with the emergence of a spontaneous polarization. In the magnetic ferroelectric TbMnO3, we found gigantic magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitance effects, which can be attributed to switching of the electric polarization induced by magnetic fields. Frustrated spin systems therefore provide a new area to search for magnetoelectric media.     

温度梯度铁电薄膜的极化偏移特性研究

采用平均场近似下的横场伊辛模型理论,同时考虑了遂穿频率与温度的相互关系,重点研究了BaTiO3温度梯度铁电薄膜的极化偏移特性.研究表明:量子起伏效应对于温度梯度铁电薄膜的性质有重要的影响,在低温区量子起伏效应尤其显著;温度梯度的存在导致了薄膜内部的极化强度的梯度分布;对于下温度梯度铁电薄膜来说,当量子起伏效应达到足够强时,可以改变极化梯度和极化偏移的方向.     

Nonlinear optimization method of radar target polarization enhancement

On the basis of nonlinear programming model and solution of radar target polarization enhancement, a novel efficient iterative algorithm is presented. The optimization efficiency and precision are improved. The performance of algorithm is analyzed and verified by experiments.     

Nonlinear optimization method of radar target polarization enhancement

n the basis of nonlinear programming model and solution of radar target polarization enhancement,a novel efficient iterative algorithm is presented. The optimization effieiency and precision are improved. The perfor-mance of algorithm is analyzed and verified by experiments.     

铁电超晶格相变性质的推迟格林函数方法研究

基于横场伊辛模型,用推迟格林函数方法研究了双层铁电超晶格的居里温度和自发极化.通过对横场伊辛模型的格林函数运动方程进行高级截断近似,给出了格林函数中本征频率的普遍表达式,并进一步地获得了铁电超晶格的本征频率.然后对铁电超晶格的居里温度、各层的自发极化以及平均自发极化进行了计算和分析.     

Nonlinear programming modeling and solution of radar target polarization enhancement

The problem of radar target polarization enhancement is studied. A nonlinear programming model is constructed. Through the analysis via Lagrange multiplier method, this nonlinear optimization problem is equivalently transformed into a zero-search problem of a monotone function and a series of constrained linear optimization problems. Also the derivative properties of the monotone function are discussed.     

晶体畴反转过程中畴壁运动与极化电流特性研究

为了解晶体畴反转的动力学过程,利用马赫-曾德干涉实验系统,研究了外电场极化下掺镁铌酸锂和纯净铌酸锂晶体在畴反转过程中的畴壁运动和极化电流特性。实时记录了掺镁7 mol%、掺镁5 mol%铌酸锂和纯净铌酸锂晶体在畴反转过程中的畴壁特征和极化电流变化情况,发现离散的畴壁速度脉冲伴随着离散的极化电流脉冲,连续的畴壁速度脉冲对应着连续的极化电流脉冲。掺镁铌酸锂晶体正向反转和纯净铌酸锂反向反转的畴壁速度变化和极化电流变化比较尖锐,而掺镁铌酸锂晶体反向反转和纯净铌酸锂正向反转的畴壁速度变化和极化电流变化比较缓和。最后对实验现象进行了解释。     

边界条件对温度梯度铁电薄膜极化和相变性质的影响

在平均场理论的框架下,采用横场伊辛模型研究了两种不同的边界条件(自由边界条件和固定边界条件)对温度梯度铁电薄膜极化和相变性质的影响.由于薄膜内部的温度梯度分布导致了铁电畸变,使得薄膜的弹性热应力增加,引入分布函数来描述不同边界条件下赝自旋相互作用强度的变化.通过研究发现自由边界条件下的薄膜的极化强度和相变温度要高于固定边界条件下的薄膜的相应值,同时薄膜厚度和温度梯度的变化对固定边界条件下的铁电薄膜的影响要更加显著.     

Structural diversity in binary nanoparticle superlattices

Assembly of small building blocks such as atoms, molecules and nanoparticles into macroscopic structures--that is, 'bottom up' assembly--is a theme that runs through chemistry, biology and material science. Bacteria, macromolecules and nanoparticles can self-assemble, generating ordered structures with a precision that challenges current lithographic techniques. The assembly of nanoparticles of two different materials into a binary nanoparticle superlattice (BNSL) can provide a general and inexpensive path to a large variety of materials (metamaterials) with precisely controlled chemical composition and tight placement of the components. Maximization of the nanoparticle packing density has been proposed as the driving force for BNSL formation, and only a few BNSL structures have been predicted to be thermodynamically stable. Recently, colloidal crystals with micrometre-scale lattice spacings have been grown from oppositely charged polymethyl methacrylate spheres. Here we demonstrate formation of more than 15 different BNSL structures, using combinations of semiconducting, metallic and magnetic nanoparticle building blocks. At least ten of these colloidal crystalline structures have not been reported previously. We demonstrate that electrical charges on sterically stabilized nanoparticles determine BNSL stoichiometry; additional contributions from entropic, van der Waals, steric and dipolar forces stabilize the variety of BNSL structures.     

Improper ferroelectricity in perovskite oxide artificial superlattices

Ferroelectric thin films and superlattices are currently the subject of intensive research because of the interest they raise for technological applications and also because their properties are of fundamental scientific importance. Ferroelectric superlattices allow the tuning of the ferroelectric properties while maintaining perfect crystal structure and a coherent strain, even throughout relatively thick samples. This tuning is achieved in practice by adjusting both the strain, to enhance the polarization, and the composition, to interpolate between the properties of the combined compounds. Here we show that superlattices with very short periods possess a new form of interface coupling, based on rotational distortions, which gives rise to 'improper' ferroelectricity. These observations suggest an approach, based on interface engineering, to produce artificial materials with unique properties. By considering ferroelectric/paraelectric PbTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers, we first show from first principles that the ground-state of the system is not purely ferroelectric but also primarily involves antiferrodistortive rotations of the oxygen atoms in a way compatible with improper ferroelectricity. We then demonstrate experimentally that, in contrast to pure PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 compounds, the multilayer system indeed behaves like a prototypical improper ferroelectric and exhibits a very large dielectric constant of epsilon(r) approximately 600, which is also fairly temperature-independent. This behaviour, of practical interest for technological applications, is distinct from that of normal ferroelectrics, for which the dielectric constant is typically large but strongly evolves around the phase transition temperature and also differs from that of previously known improper ferroelectrics that exhibit a temperature-independent but small dielectric constant only.     

利用偏振态法测量光纤偏振效应

在庞加莱球的基础上,对原来偏振模色散的测量方法进行了理论分析,研究表明,一阶偏振模色散测量的误差影响二阶偏振模色散的测量.通过推导,提出了利用偏振态测量二阶偏振模色散的方法.此外,基于具有偏振相关损失和双折射的密勒矩阵洛伦兹变化特性,推导出利用偏振态测量偏振相关损失的简化方法,证实了测量偏振相关损失取决于密勒矩阵的第一列元素,该方法对于偏振相关损失的测量只需要2个输人偏振态,因此具有测量速度快和测量误差小的优点.实验的测量结果证实了利用偏振态测量2种光纤偏振效应的可靠性.     

Giant lateral electrostriction in ferroelectric liquid-crystalline elastomers

Mechanisms for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy are essential for the design of nanoscale transducers, sensors, actuators, motors, pumps, artificial muscles, and medical microrobots. Nanometre-scale actuation has to date been mainly achieved by using the (linear) piezoelectric effect in certain classes of crystals (for example, quartz), and 'smart' ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate. But the strains achievable in these materials are small--less than 0.1 per cent--so several alternative materials and approaches have been considered. These include grafted polyglutamates (which have a performance comparable to quartz), silicone elastomers (passive material--the constriction results from the Coulomb attraction of the capacitor electrodes between which the material is sandwiched) and carbon nanotubes (which are slow). High and fast strains of up to 4 per cent within an electric field of 150 MV x m(-1) have been achieved by electrostriction (this means that the strain is proportional to the square of the applied electric field) in an electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer. Here we report a material that shows a further increase in electrostriction by two orders of magnitude: ultrathin (less than 100 nanometres) ferroelectric liquid-crystalline elastomer films that exhibit 4 per cent strain at only 1.5 MV x m(-1). This giant electrostriction was obtained by combining the properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals with those of a polymer network. We expect that these results, which can be completely understood on a molecular level, will open new perspectives for applications.     

局部凸空间的平均强凸性与平均强光滑性

给出局部凸空间平均强凸性和平均强光滑性的定义,刻画平均强凸和平均强光滑局部凸空间的特征,并建立了偶对平均强凸性和平均强光滑性之间的对偶关系.     

Unusual phase transitions in ferroelectric nanodisks and nanorods

Bulk ferroelectrics undergo structural phase transformations at low temperatures, giving multi-stable (that is, multiple-minimum) degenerate states with spontaneous polarization. Accessing these states by applying, and varying the direction of, an external electric field is a key principle for the operation of devices such as non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories (NFERAMs). Compared with bulk ferroelectrics, low-dimensional finite ferroelectric structures promise to increase the storage density of NFERAMs 10,000-fold. But this anticipated benefit hinges on whether phase transitions and multi-stable states still exist in low-dimensional structures. Previous studies have suggested that phase transitions are impossible in one-dimensional systems, and become increasingly less likely as dimensionality further decreases. Here we perform ab initio studies of ferroelectric nanoscale disks and rods of technologically important Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 solid solutions, and demonstrate the existence of previously unknown phase transitions in zero-dimensional ferroelectric nanoparticles. The minimum diameter of the disks that display low-temperature structural bistability is determined to be 3.2 nm, enabling an ultimate NFERAM density of 60 x 10(12) bits per square inch-that is, five orders of magnitude larger than those currently available. Our results suggest an innovative use of ferroelectric nanostructures for data storage, and are of fundamental value for the theory of phase transition in systems of low dimensionality.     

L－fts中的强导集和强导算子

研究了Ｌ－ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑空间中ＬＦ集的强聚点和强导集的性质，证明了强导运算保并的十个等价条件，讨论了完全分配格ＬＸ上的强导算子与Ｌ－ｆｔｓ间的对应关系     

强酸和强碱中和过程的PH控制

讨论了强酸、强碱中和过程ＰＨ控制方案。以０．９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａｏＨ中和０．９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＮＯ３，流量增量为０．１－０．３ｋｇ／ｍｉｎ，用模糊控制将ＰＨ控制在各要求的值上，ΔｐＨ≤０．２，获得满意的结果。