流感（H1N1）大流行，人、猪与禽，谁是根源？

2009年初，当人们还在谈论人感染禽流感的病例频发与人流感病毒大流行之间的关系时，4月初突然传出“猪流感”在墨西哥暴发的消息，一时间人们的注意力又转向了猪。虽然此次流感其时尚未传播开，但人们已对猪有了防范之心。尽管世界卫生组织（WHO）强调食用健康猪的肉不会感染“猪流感”，但是该消息仍然对猪肉的消费产生了很大影响，埃及甚至为防范“猪流感”的传播，扑杀了25万头生猪。     

H5N1的结构与致病机制

以禽流感病毒H5N1的两种基质蛋白HA、NA的结构为基础,分析了H5N1的基因结构,探索其毒力基础和致病的分子机制.     

理性看待甲型H1N1流感疫情

继墨西哥、美国、英国、韩国等国相继出现甲型H1N1流感疫情后，2009年5月11日，中国内地也确诊了首例甲型H1N1流感病例。截至6月12日，全球确诊甲型H1N1流感病例已达28774例，我国内地也确诊126例。世界卫生组织警告：甲型H1N1流感比禽流感更可怕。甲型H1N1流感病毒早晚都会发生变异，使甲型H1N1流感能轻易在人与人之间传播，     

Genome evolution of novel influenza A （H1N1 ） viruses in humans

The epidemic situation of A H1N1 flu arose in North America in April 2009, which rapidly expanded to three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, with the risk ranking up to 5. Until May 13th, the flu virus of A H1N1 had spread into 33 countries and regions, with a laboratory confirmed case number of 5728, including 61 deaths. Based on IRV and EpiFluDB database, 425 parts of A H1N1 flu virus sequence were achieved, followed by sequenced comparison and evolution analysis. The results showed that the current predominant A H1N1 flu virus was a kind of triple reassortment A flu virus： （i） HA, NA, MP, NP and NS originated from swine influenza virus; PB2 and PA originated from bird influenza virus; PB1 originated from human influenza virus. （ii） The origin of swine influenza virus could be subdivided as follows： HA, NP and NS originated from classic swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype; NA and MP originated from bird origin swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype. （iii） A H1N1 flu virus experienced no significant mutation during the epidemic spread, accompanied with no reassortment of the virus genome. In the paper, the region of the representative strains for sequence analysis （A/California/04/2009 （H1N1） and A/Mexico/4486/2009 （H1N1）） included USA and Mexico and was relatively wide, which suggested that the analysis results were convincing.     

为猪“平反”——甲型H1N1流感防治须知

猪肉卖出白菜价,放在两年前,这是谁都不敢想象的事情。然而受“猪流感”（甲型H1N1流感）事件的影响,市场上猪肉的零售量出现持续下滑,不少养殖大户深受其害。“猪流感”是一种具有高度传染性的猪的急性呼吸道疾病,病毒最常见的是H1N1亚型,但是也存在其他的亚型（如H1N2,H3N1,H3N2）,此次流感并非新病毒,是我们常说的甲1型流感病毒,与1918年在欧洲曾经流行被称为“西班牙流感”相似。专家指出,在人际传播时,打喷嚏、咳嗽和物理接触都有可能导致新型流感病毒在人群间传播,但人不会因吃猪肉或猪产品感染“猪流感”。猪肉加热至71℃,就能杀死“猪流感”病毒,因此我们必须为猪“平反”,改“猪流感”为“甲型H1N1流感”。随着甲型H1N1流感蔓延多国,当前防控工作是重中之重,绝不可掉以轻心。     

“备战”H7N9禽流感

近期,H7N9禽流感疫情是人们普遍关注的事件。从3月底上海首次公布,确定发现人感染H7N9禽流感并出现死亡病例后,人们谈之色变。"备战"H7N9禽流感,成为大家的重要任务。H7N9禽流感H7病毒通常是一组在鸟类中传播的流感病毒,H7N9是H7病毒大类下的一个亚群。     

Orisin and future distribution of the new A （H 1N1 ） influenza virus emerging in North America in 2009

The origin of the new A （H1N1） influenza virus recently emerging in North America is a hot controversial topic of significance in disease control and risk assessment. Some experts claimed that it was an unusually mongrelized mix of human, avian and swine influenza viruses, while some others concluded that it was totally a simple re-assortment hybrid of two lineages of swine influenza viruses. Here the phylogenetic diversity of the viral PB1, PA and PB2 gene sequences using online web servers, and the results suggest that all the 8 genetic segments of the new virus were possibly from two lineages of swine influenza viruses, and one of the lineage was a mongrelized mix of human, avian and swine influenza viruses emerging in the world approximately 10 years ago. Considering the recent epidemiological trends of the new virus, we believe it will spread more widely in the world and persist long in human populations. It also could spread among swine populations. The future wide spreading of the new virus may coincide the disappearance of a subtype of previous human influenza A virus.     

“信息化下乡”如何破“坎”而入

被视为金融危机下经济振兴计划重要内容之一的“电脑下乡”,甫一启动就格外引人瞩目。从跃跃欲试的竞标入围,到摩拳擦掌的大干快上,各PC厂商可谓卯足了干劲。然而在热闹背后,我们也不得不深思,面对“信息化下乡”的宏伟蓝图,政府和企业究竟还需要迈过哪些坎？     

【科技新闻】H5N1与甲流病毒结合或可人传人

近日,中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所陈化兰团队研究发现,H5N1病毒确有可能通过与人流感病毒的基因重配,获得在哺乳动物之间高效空气传播的能力,从而引起人间大流行。该研究从全新角度揭示了H5N1病毒对全球公共卫生构成的现实威胁,5月3日,《科学》在线发表了相关论文,并配发了摘报评论和专题报道。同时,《自然》杂志也对此进行了报道。     

河南重大科技专项“甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗”实施取得圆满成功

近日,由华兰生物疫苗有限公司承担的河南省重大科技专项“甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗”项目通过了由河南省科技厅组织的专家组验收。专家组一致认为,该项目为华兰生物疫苗有限公司自主开发,拥有自主知识产权,技术达到了国内领先水平,并建成了年产16000万剂的甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗生产线,其生产储备能力达到全国最大,为国家甲流防控工作做出了贡献。