关于各向异性纤维复合材料板Ⅲ型,混合型裂纹尖端的应变能释放率

研究各向异性纤维复合材料板的断裂问题.首先给出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ混合型,Ⅲ型裂纹尖端的应力与位移公式的极坐标形式.其次将应力与位移代入应变能释放率的基本公式,推出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ混合型,Ⅲ型以及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型裂纹尖端应变能释放率的具体计算公式。     

Ⅱ型加载条件下复合材料与管线钢共固化界面有效搭接长度试验

为了确定复合材料与管线钢共固化胶结界面受剪时的有效搭接长度,设计了双搭接胶结试件拉伸试验.对界面在Ⅱ型加载条件下的失效扩展过程进行了试验研究和有限元模拟.试验结果表明,界面的破坏形式为脱粘失效.试验得到了复合材料表面沿拉伸方向上的应变分布规律,胶结界面剪切应力与滑移量之间的关系(Bond-Slip曲线),计算可得Ⅱ型加载条件下复合材料与管线钢胶结界面的临界能量释放率为1062 N/m,界面的有效搭接长度约为15.5 mm.将临界能量释放率应用到有限元模拟的界面本构,模拟得到的复合材料沿拉伸方向的应变分布规律与试验结果对比较好.有限元分析结果表明,裂纹沿着胶结界面由两侧向中间位置逐渐发生与扩展.     

复合材料单向板裂纹尖端的应变能释放率

本文通过将裂纹尖端应力和位移代入应变能释放率的一般公式,推出了线弹性正交异性复合材料单向板非弹性主方向在对称载荷作用下的裂纹尖端应变能释放率的计算公式,给出了相应的应变能释放率断裂判据。作为特例,得到了Ⅰ型裂纹尖端应变能释放率的计算公式和断裂判据。     

损伤与断裂耦合效应的能量理论研究及应用

以Ⅰ型裂纹为主要研究对象,基于能量法和损伤能量释放率的概念,推导出一种用于描述裂纹尖端邻域内损伤场与断裂场的耦合效应参数:损伤型能量释放率.运用双G模型理论,应用ANSYS仿真分析三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,把得到的损伤型能量释放率结果与损伤断裂的参数进行对比分析.结合盖下拱坝工程有限元模型,将人工底缝前沿损伤型的能量释放率、平均损伤、能量释放率以及损伤能量释放率4者随水位变化的发展进行比较,说明该参数可以综合考虑损伤与断裂的耦合效应.此外,建立了该参数的应用模式.     

单边斜裂纹的应力强度因子计算

应用有限元单元法研究了裂纹的扩展和裂纹尖端的应力应变与应力强度因子的关系,计算了单边斜裂纹受双向拉伸时应力强度因子随裂纹角度、裂纹的长度以及板长的变化.结果表明:1)单边斜裂纹受双向拉伸的应力强度因子Ⅰ型分量随裂纹角度的增加而增加,Ⅱ型分量随裂纹的角度增大先增大,大于45°后逐渐减小;2)单边斜裂纹受双向拉伸的应力强度因子Ⅰ型分量和Ⅱ型分量均随裂纹长度的增加而增加;3)板长的影响主要体现在板长比较小时,当长宽比达到一定的值时,影响基本可以忽略.这些结果为以后的裂纹研宄打下了基础.     

20面体准晶平面弹性的复变函数方法及其椭圆缺口问题

建立了20面体准晶平面弹性的复变函数方法,并且利用这一方法解决了受均匀内压的椭圆缺口问题．首先基于最终控制方程的基本解,给出了应力分量和位移分量的复表示,接下来采用复变函数论中的保角变换技巧,得到了椭圆缺口问题的解析解,由此可以进一步得到Ⅰ型Griffith裂纹问题的解（令椭圆短半轴b=0）．作为裂纹解的一个直接结果,还给出了断裂力学中的两个很重要的判据——应力强度因子和能量释放率．     

静止平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场

在裂纹尖端的各理想塑性应力分量都只是θ的函数的条件下,利用平衡方程和Tresca屈服条件,导出了平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的一般解析表达式。将这些一般解析表达式用于具体裂纹,就得到Ⅰ型裂纹、Ⅱ型裂纹及Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的解析表达式。     

基于有限变形理论的能量释放率和J积分增率形式

以有裂纹的瞬时位形为参考,建立的增量变形引起的裂纹扩展方程能够更真实地描述裂纹尖端的扩展机制.而真实地描述当前裂纹状态下的增量变形的困难在于,带裂纹尖端的瞬时位形相对于初始位形应满足有关的力学平衡方程.在解决裂纹扩展问题时,基于能量方法的裂纹能量释放率G和J积分是一种有效的研究方法.由于经典的微小变形理论引入的裂纹尖端模型解决问题的方法是相对于初始位形的,为得到当前裂纹状态下的增量变形的有关方程,采用能量原理和变分原理,使用有限变形的随体张量表达方式,在瞬时位形基础上,推导裂纹体的能量释放率G和J积分的增率G.和.J,建立增量变形的有关方程,从而为研究裂纹尖端的扩展问题提供了新的理论思路.     

含裂纹功能梯度板能量释放率的ABAQUS用户子程序开发

为求解含裂纹功能梯度板的动态能量释放率,提出了基于非均匀有限元法的虚拟裂纹闭合法.基于有限元软件ABAQUS平台,开发了动态载荷作用下功能梯度材质的哑节点断裂单元,编写了用户自定义子程序UMAT和UEL,求解了动态载荷作用下的含裂纹功能梯度板能量释放率分量.对不同形状因子下的中心和倾斜裂纹功能梯度板的动态能量释放率分量进行了求解,并转化为动态应力强度因子,与差分法作比较.数值算例结果表明,动态载荷作用下功能梯度材质的哑节点断裂单元具有精度高、简捷方便、裂尖无需使用奇异元或特殊单元和子程序通用性强等优点,为工程师求解动态断裂参数提供了新途径.     

基于ABAQUS平台的机电虚拟裂纹闭合法

为提高求解含裂纹压电体的能量释放率的计算效率和精度以及减少程序编写与调试的工作量,针对四节点平面压电单元提出了机电虚拟裂纹闭合法计算公式.基于通用商业有限元软件ABAQUS,开发了哑节点断裂压电单元,编写用户自定义子程序UEL,该单元可独立求解总能量释放率分量,对不同材料和裂纹长度的含裂纹压电体的能量释放率分量进行了求解,与理论解作了对比,讨论了不同形式网格对求解精度的影响.数值算例结果表明,哑节点断裂压电单元具有精度高、简单方便和对网格尺寸不敏感等优点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.