THE TRANSFER OF TMA+ ION AT THE WATER NITROBENZENE INTERFACE USING SEMI-DIFFERENTIAL CYCLIC VOL TAMMETRY

This paper describes the investigation of the electrochemical phenomena of TMA~+ transfer at the w/nb interface using semi-differential cyclic voltammetry. The expressions for the peak potential, half-wave width and peak current are derived. All the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones.     

Tin Oxide and Carbon Composite （Sn6O4（OH）4/AG） as the Anode in a Lithium Ion Battery

A tin oxide and carbon composite （Sn6O4（OH）4/AG） with a Sn content of 0.15-0.30 was prepared by chemical deposition at normal pressures and temperatures. The structures of the artificial graphite （AG）, the Sn6O4（OH）4, and the Sn6O4（OH）4JAG were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical lithiation was investigated by measuring the galvanostatic charge and discharge ratio. The electrochemical capacities of the three materials during the first discharge were 310 mAh/g （AG）, 616 mAh/g （Sn6O4（OH）4/AG）, and 1090 mAh/g （Sn6O4（oa）4）. The discharge capacity of the Sn6O4（OH）4/AG was larger than the simple sum of the capacities provided by AG and Sn6O4（OH）4 with the same content. The cyclic performance of Sn6O4（OH）4/AG was also better than that of Sn6O4（OH）4 for voltages of 0 to 3 V. The results imply that the interaction between Sn and C in Sn6O4（OH）4/AG is very strong and effectively inhibits the volume expansion of the Sn.     

Synthesis,characterization and electrocatalytic studies of palladium–manganese oxyhydroxide nanocomposite towards direct ethylene glycol fuel cell

The palladium nanoparticle grafted manganese oxyhydroxide nanorod （MON） electrocatalyst has been synthesized and tested for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol （EG） in an alkaline medium. The MON was prepared using the hydrothermal method and the Pd nano- particles were coated on the MON using an in situ reduction method. The nanocatalyst thus prepared was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The microscopic studies confirm the formation of MON and reveal that the Pd nanoparticles were grafted uniformly on the MON. In the voltammetric studies, the Pd/MON catalyst exhibited a six-fold improved peak current for ethylene glycol electrooxidation compared with the C/Pd. The EG electrooxidation reaction performances of the Pd/MON nanocatalyst in the alkaline solutions containing different quantities of EG were tested through cyclic voltammetry. The catalytic removal of the poisonous intermediates formed during electrooxidation of EG was explained. The present study shows that MON can act as an active support for the Pd nanocatalyst.     

《JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY （Natural Science Edition） 》Vol.49 No.6，2003 Abstract

Polyaniline (PAn) film was synthesized onto electrode surface modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Glutathione (GSH), while copper was deposited in defects of PAn film simultaneously.The resulted PAn films were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The results show that there could be the copper ions‘ route in PAn films, which make easier adulteration of copper ion into the PAn film phase. It was found that the redox peaks of PAn were relevant to the doping of anions and to the adulteration of copper ion.     

Mechanism of Cathode Process of B(Ⅲ) in LiF-NaF-KBF4 Melt by Electrochemical Titration Technique

The mechanism of cathode process of B(Ⅲ) at molybdenum and platinum electrodes in LiF-NaF-KBF₄ melt was studied and the transferred electron number of the reaction was calculated by means of cyclic voltammetry.The effect of adsorption of electroactive component on the electrochemical response (e.g., the voltammetric i─E curves) was analyzed and discussed. The "electrochemical spectra" for linear sweep voltammetry was used to elucidate the electrode reaction accompanied by a following transform process. The results show that the reduction of B(Ⅲ) to B(0) proceeds in reversible one step three-electron reaction and the cathode process of B(Ⅲ) is affected by product adsorbed strongly at the electrode surface. It is assumed that the reduction and deposition of B(Ⅲ) at molybdenum and platinum electrodes proceed in two kinds of mechanism: (1) B(Ⅲ)+ 3e = B_ads→ B (surface diffusion deposition mechanism) and (2) B(Ⅲ) + 3e = B (direct deposition mechanism).     

Force Parameter Model of 3-Roll Mills for Continuous Cold Rolling Wires

Based on experimental data, the mathematical model of rolling force parameters of 3-roll mills was studied. The structure of the model was theoretically set up and the coefficients were determined by static analysis of the data. The torque in continuous rolling was measured, and the characteristics and efficiency of 3-roll mills are investigated.     

Fission Yield Data Systematics for ^238U

Based on the mass distribution data up to 200 MeV measured by Zoner with kinetic energy method （corrected）, the systematics on dependence of chain yield on incident neutron energy for each mass number A with a linear and quadric function was studied. And also the systematics of mass distribution on mass A and incident neutron energy was investigated by using 5 （or 3 ） Gaussian model. A code of nonlinear squared least method was developed and the parameters were deduced by fitting the experimental data. The calculated results with the parameters obtained could reproduce the experimental data used well. But comparisons with the data measured by radiochemistry method show some systematical difference. It is shown that there is some systematical difference between the measured data with kinetic and radioactive nuclide methods, the masons of which need to be investigate further.     

DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEODIMIUM （Ⅲ） COMPLEX WITH 2-HYDROXY-2,4,6-CYCLOHEPTATRIENONE（TROPOLONE）

Tris(tropolonato)neodimium(Ⅲ）has been prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of neodimium metal anode in acetonitrile solution of 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrienone(tropolone).The unusual divalent neodimium complex was formed at the first step of electrosyn-thesis.The final product,Nd(C7H6O2)3,has been characterized by microanalysis and the studies of IR and ^1H,C3 NMR spectra.     

Effect of NaNO_3 concentration on anodic electrochemical behavior on the Sb surface in NaOH solution

The effect of NaNO_3 concentration on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony in 4 M NaOH solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) analyses. The mechanism of NO_3~-concentration effect on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony was proposed, and its availability was confirmed by experimental results. The effect of NaNO_3 on the anodic behavior of antimony in Na OH solution can be interpreted as a stepwise formation of different antimony compounds with different NaNO_3 concentrations. Metallic antimony is apt to be oxidized into Sb_2O_3 within the NaNO_3 concentration range of 0–0.48 M. NaSbO_3 can be found on the antimony surface when the NaNO_3 concentration increases gradually. Insoluable NaSbO_3 inhibits the anodic oxidation of antimony due to its shielding effect on the mass transport of the reactants and products. Surface morphology and composition were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), and electron dispersion spectroscopy(EDS) analyses. Results indicate that the anodic oxidation layer is composed of Sb_2O_3, NaSbO_3, and Sb. The atomic proportion of antimony in the form of NaSbO_3 increases with increasing NaNO_3 concentration due to the powerful oxidizing property of NaNO_3.     

Study of ionizable drugs transfer across the water／1,2-dichloroethane interface with phase volume ratio equal to unity using a three-electrode system

The electrochemical behavior of ionizable drugs (Amitripty/ine, Diphenhydramine and Trihexyphenedyl) at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface with the phase volume ratio (r=Vo/Vw) equal to 1 are investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The system is composed of an aqueous droplet supported at an Ag/AgCI disk electrode and it was covered with an organic solution. In this manner, a conventional three-electrode potentiostat can be used to study the ionizable drugs transfer process at a liquid/liquid interface.Physicochemical parameters such as the formal transfer potential, the Gibbs energy of transfer and the standard partition coefficients of the ionized forms of these drugs can be evaluated from cyclic voltammograms obtained. The obtained results have been summarized in ionic partition diagrams, which are a useful tool for predicting and interpreting the transfer mechanisms of ionizable drugs at the liquid/liquid interfaces and biological membranes.     

基于Pt-Au-MoS2-ITO传感器对于H2O2的还原检测

实验探究了二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为一种新型材料与贵金属纳米粒子金（Au）、铂（Pt）的复合基底对于过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的还原性检测,采用氧化铟锡导电玻璃（ITO）作为电极,制备出了基于Pt-Au-MoS₂-ITO的生物传感器,为H₂O₂还原性检测的便携性操作打下了基础.实验采用电化学沉积的方法制备材料,同时使用循环伏安（CV）法、计时电流法等传统电化学手段表征了传感器电化学性能,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）来表征传感器表面形貌.建立了用于H₂O₂还原检测的、具有高检测限、高灵敏度和宽检测范围的传感器.     

MnO2/碳纳米球电化学超级电容器电极材料的制备与性能研究

利用水热法合成了纳米棒状的MnO_2/碳纳米球(CNPs)作为电化学超级电容器的电极材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射光谱分析(XRD)对样品的微观形貌、物相进行分析;利用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试材料的电化学性能.结果表明:纳米棒状MnO_2/CNPs复合材料具有良好的电化学性能.在0.1 A/g的电流密度,1 mol/L Na_2SO_4电解液中,电极材料的比电容高达305.6 F/g,远高于纯碳球的比电容(49.3 F/g),当电流密度增至5 A/g时,材料的比电容为235 F/g,比电容仍能保持76.9%.     

Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

通过采用沉淀法在碳气凝胶表面负载金属氧化物三氧化二锰,制备得到Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料。采用X射线衍射及电镜扫描等技术对所制备的复合材料进行结构形貌表征。实验结果发现碳气凝胶具有多重片层结构且孔隙发达。通过调节锰盐的含量考察三氧化二锰负载量对复合材料电化学性能的影响作用。采用循环伏安法及充放电测试对材料的电化学性能进行测试,结果表明Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料具有良好的电容性及较好的可逆性。当Mn_2O_3含量达15%时复合材料的比电容最大,可达118.5 F/g。通过充放电测试1000次后发现该电极的比电容依然能够保持在一稳定值上,具有较好的稳定性。     

RGO/NiCo_2O_4复合电极材料制备及电化学性能研究

采用层-层自组装法制备了前驱体RGO/Ni-Co@Ni-foam(泡沫镍负载石墨烯/镍-钴金属化合物),并在高温下煅烧得到RGO/NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合电极材料。运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜以及能谱仪对多孔RGO/NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料进行结构表征,并通过循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试方法考察了其作为电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,制备的多孔RGO/NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合电极材料的比电容在电流密度为0.5A/g时可达到444F/g,并且在经过1 000次循环实验后,比电容仍有342F/g。这表明多孔RGO/NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料在超级电容器领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于纳米银-二氧化钛-壳聚糖复合物修饰电极的 芦丁电化学传感器的构建及其应用研究

本实验以Ag-TiO_2-CS纳米复合物修饰电极构建电化学传感器,建立适用于其分析检测的电化学分析新方法。利用Ag-TiO_2-CS修饰电极,以此制备芦丁电化学传感器。用循环伏安法(CV)对电极的电化学特性进行研究,之后用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对芦丁进行检测,建立芦丁的电化学检测新方法。CV实验表明Ag-TiO_2-CS纳米复合物具有良好的电化学活性,可以应用于芦丁检测。DPV实验进一步表明,修饰电极峰电流值与芦丁浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,稳定性、抗干扰性等良好,此电化学传感器可以对芦丁片中的芦丁进行测定,结果良好。该传感器制作方法简单,灵敏度较高,稳定性好,可用于芦丁片中芦丁的分析测定。     

MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4核-壳异质结构的构筑及电化学性能和催化性能

采用2步水热法制备出1种以NiCo_2O_4纳米线为核,MnO_2纳米颗粒为壳的三维结构MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合催化剂的结构和形貌进行表征;通过循环伏安法(CV),恒流充放电性能(GCD)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)来进行表征复合材料的电化学性能;通过O_3催化降解装置对复合材料的催化性能进行研究。结果表明:MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料在频率范围为0.1～10 000 Hz时阻抗较低;通过降解实验发现,MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam对O_3的降解率高于50%,表现出良好的催化效果。这表明MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料在降解O_3,净化空气方面有广阔的应用前景。     

Ca_9Fe(PO_4)_6(OH)_2的电子结构与形成能的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理和热力学统计原理计算了单个Fe~(2+)替代羟基磷灰石晶胞中Ca~(2+)后晶体(Ca_9Fe(PO_4)_6(OH)_2)的电子结构和能够说明替代后结构稳定性的替位缺陷形成能.电子结构计算得出(Ca_9Fe(PO4)_6(OH)_2)的带隙值是1.85eV,而没有掺杂的是4.93e V,两者态密度特征相似,只是前者峰值变小了.理论形成能和溶液环境中的形成能的计算结果都表明Ca(B)更易被取代,但是两种形成能的值都大于0eV,具体是理论缺陷形成能的值都在7e V到8e V之间,溶液环境中的缺陷形成能主要和替代的位置、溶液的pH值以及Fe~(2+)在溶液中的浓度有关,且其值大于0eV,说明它们需要吸热才能发生替代,所以在羟基磷灰石中Fe~(2+)替代Ca~(2+)不容易发生.     

Pt 电极上 CO2水解析氢反应的研究

利用循环伏安法,研究了CO2-H2O 体系在 Pt 电极上的析氢反应,与单纯析氢反应相比,还原峰电位发生负偏移,还原峰电位为-0.5,V.并通过计算,得出在 pH=4附近 CO2扩散系数D =3.02×10-10,m2/s,H+扩散系数CO 2 D =+H 4.93×10-9,m2/s,电极表面的反应层厚度D k cμ=/(0 b-及 H+的浓度分布函数) c c++ΗΗ[-=10 H+HCO exp{-x k c 0 b HCO-/D +H}].33为电流法测定 CO2气体浓度的方法提供了基础参考数据     

狭缝内C2H4/O2预混气的起爆与速度亏损

受限通道内的预混气起爆与传播受外界因素影响较大,如初始压力、通道尺寸等。通过自制不同高度的狭缝通道,考察了狭缝高度和初始压力对C_2H_4/O_2可燃预混气起爆特性及传播过程的影响。结果发现:改变初压和狭缝高度确实对预混气起爆有较大影响,尤其是狭缝高度的不断降低可能获得不同于常规管道的DDT特性;爆轰波的速度亏损同时与初压和狭缝高度有关,其值正比于H~(-0.8)P_0~(-0.5)。考虑到实验结果的局限性,后续还需进行多次重复实验,以获得更加准确的实验数据。     

Mechanism of electrochemical evolution of chlorine and oxygen at Ti/SnO2-IrO2 anode

The mechanisms of chlorine and oxygen electrochemical evolution at a novel Ti/SnO₂-IrO₂ anode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and steady state current?potential measurements. For this study a laboratory constructed model cell was employed. Firstly, controlled potential electrolysis of 0.1 mol/L NaCl was performed and chlorine was observed to evolve at potential +1.2 V. The pH values of the solution decreased during electrolysis over the potential range of +1.0 V?+2.0 V, suggesting that oxygen evolution may involve in the reactions. Electrolysis with a de?oxygenated NaCl solution at a fixed potential of +2.0 V confirmed that O2 is one of the products generated at the anode. Further electrolysis of NaCl solution was conducted under steady state conditions. A potential?current density plot was constructed over the potential range of +1.00 V?+1.28 V. The slope of the plot at Tafel section was found to be 41 mV/decade. These results indicate that chlorine evolution at the anode is achieved via an intermediate layer formed by electrosorption of oxygen and chlorine on the electrode surface.