Apparition d'une protéine nouvelle,la contractine,dans les extraits de muscles contractés

Summary When rabbit muscles are fatigued, the electrophoretic pictures of the extracts of these muscles are free from -myosin and show a large decrease in the amount of ₁ and ₂-myosin.When the muscles are contracted by monobromacetate or stimulated and fixed in a contracted state by liquid air, -myosin is very much decreased, ₁ and ₂-myosin disappears entirely, and a new component appears which is called contractin.The disappearance of the classical myosins and the appearance of this new protein in the extracts ofshortened muscles, may be of great interest in the study of the protein changes responsible for muscle contraction.     

Etude électrophorétique des variations de composition d'extraits musculaires de Lapin sous l'influence de la fatigue et de la contracture par le monobromacétate de soude

Summary Rabbit muscular globulins soluble between the ionic strengths 0.15 and 0.35 are, in an almost native state, the and myosins ofDubuisson. The extractability of both, and, by salt solutions is greatly reduced when the rabbit muscle has been stimulated to exhaustion or poisoned with the sodium salt of monobromacetic acid till a state of rigor is obtained. This reduction however does not proceed in an absolutely similar way for and, indicating probable functional differences between these two myosins. The other soluble muscular proteins are practically not affected, as far as the method permits this to be assertained.     

Séparation,par voie chimique,des myosinesα etβ

Summary It is possible to separate in a state of high electrophoretic purity and homogeneity the and components of myosin solutions by fractionation with ammonium sulfate.The solutions of and myosins differ considerably by their physical properties.     

Ringschlußversuche mit halogenierten Naphthalinthioglykolsäuren

Summary It has been found that cyclisation of -halogenated -naphthalene-thioglycolic acids can occur in -position with the elimination of the halogen. The influence of the temperature and of a further substituent (halogen) in the second nucleus are discussed.     

Zur chemischen Konstitution der herzaktiven Krötengifte

Summary Degradation of bufalin-acetate with KMnO₄ in acetone gave methyl 3--acetoxy-14-hydroxy-14-iso-ætiocholanate and 3--acetoxy-14-hydroxy-14-iso-20-keto-pregnane-21-acid-(2114)-lactone. This proves that bufalin and digitoxigenin differ only with regard to the nature of the lactone ring, the molecular structures being otherwise identical.

---

---

Die ausführliche Mitteilung erscheint demnächst in den Helv. chim. acta,     

Différenciation électrophorétique de myosines dans les muscles au repos et fatigués,de Mammifères et de Mollusques

Summary Rabbit as well as Mollusks myosin solutions are composed of three electrochemical distinct components:, and myosins, moving with the same speed in both species at definitep _H and ionic strength.Turbidity of myosin solutions is connected with the boundary.After the muscle has been stimulated till exhaustion, the component disappears and the component is very markedly decreased or absent.     

Aktivierung einer alkalischen Phosphatase

Summary -Glycerophosphatase prepared from the intestinal mucosa of the calf was purified by fractionated precipitation with alcohol. A further concentration of the enzyme activity was attained by electrophoresis.The activity of the purified enzyme solution was reduced to of its original value when dialysed for 48 hours atp _H 4.5. Atp _H 6 and atp _H 10.5 only a less pronounced decrease of the activity occurred.By addition of heat-inactivated-glycerophosphatase to the enzyme solution which was partly inactivated by dialysis atp _H 4.5 the activity of the latter was increased by about 100%.     

Nouvelle méthode de séparation des myosinesα etβ

Summary Myosin is insoluble in KAc or NaAc 0.5 m at neutralp _H values and can be easily separated from myosin under these conditions. The yield in myosin is 80 to 90% of the total protein content of our solutions (Weber-Edsall myosin solutions prepared after 20 minutes extraction).     

Über ebene axialsymmetrische Punktmengen

Summary The principal results of the present inquiries are: If a plane quantity of points M has a finite number of symmetrals n, which intersect in a point S, these symmetrals form a regular fascicle of straight lines, with an angle/n of two subsequent symmetrals. If is the angle between two straight lines with the intersection point S, you may or may not supplement them to a regular fascicle of symmetrals of a quantity of points M, by adding a finite number of straight lines, according as represents a rational or irrational multiple of 2. If the angle of two symmetrals of M with the intersection point S is an irrational multiple of 2, there will be to every straight line g through S a symmetral of M, which comprises with g, a small angle of the size you may choose. If M is closed, then in this case every straight line g through S will be a symmetral of M.The symmetrals of a limited quantity of points will intersect in an exact point.

---

---

Die Verfasser sind zur vorliegenden mathematischen Untersuchung durch den Versuch einer mathematischen Behandlung verschiedener Probleme, die Gasausscheidung aus gashältigen Flüssigkeiten betreffend, veranlaßt worden.     

Sex-linkage inCulex molestus

Résumé Culex molestus n'a pas de chromosomes sexuels. Le caractère «il blanc» est récessif, mais ce phénotype apparaît avec des fréquences très différentes chez les et les issus d'un père hétérozygote. La masculinité est due à un gène dominant situé dans le même chromosome que «il blanc», et à six unités de celui-ci, environ.     

Eine im Alkalischen wirksame Monophosphoesterase aus Hefe

Summary The authors describe a monophosphoesterase isolated from yeast which acts strongly on sodium phenolphthaleinphosphate, phenolphosphate, and-glycerophosphate in an alkaline medium (p _H 8,5–9,1). The enzyme does not need magnesium ions for its activity.     

Contribution à l'étude du phénomène d'imbibition capillaire

Summary The real density of a porous matter is determined by means of the equationV=a – b · s, whereV is the volume of imbibition, related to the surface tension (s) of the liquid, while a and b are experimental coefficients. The examination of this equation led to the conclusion that a represents the total porous volume, while b is a function of the mean porous radius. The knowledge of the equation related to a given substance, allows to calculate immediately the real density.Furthermore the ratiob/a defines a characteristics porosity index.     

Accessibilité, solubilité et association,in situ,de la myosine

Summary myosinin situ is the more accessible to saline solutions the more finely the muscular substance has been divided, which implies its localization in structures difficult of access.This myosin exists in such structures in the form of a complex, the dissociation of which is effected by the saline solutions in proportion to their ionic strength.Fatigue does not modify the spatial accessibility of this complex but does modify its structures, so that, for some values ofp _H, solutions of equal ionic concentrations are less active on the substance of stimulated muscles than on that of normal ones.The myosin derived from that complex is much less homogenous in the Tiselius-Longworth apparatus than the myosin isolated from theWeber-Edsall myosin by fractionating with ammonium sulfate.Rabbits' muscles suddenly cooled by immersion in ice water give extracts similar to those of stimulated muscles.     

Bemerkung über additive Mengenfunktionale

Summary The author analyses the influence of a similar-representationA A of sets of then-dimensional Euclidean space on the value of an additive, translation-invariant functional (A). Under very general suppositions ( A) is a rational integral functions of at most from then ^th degree.     

Les tests microbiologiques pour la détermination des vitamines

Summary The qualities required by a microorganism to work as test object are studied, so as the utilized methods to measure development.The different, watersoluble vitamins from the group B: thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, adermin (pyridoxin), pantothenic acid, -alanin, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid, mesoinositol, enable the creation of a useful test with a selected microorganism.The problem of the vitaminic factors of the soil is one of those which can only be studied with help of microbiological tests. The presence of vitamins in the soil is proved. Their origin is discussed. Their action and that of vitamins voluntary added to the soil is studied. It is shown that the qualities of soil and manures have a marked influence on the thiamin rate of the studied plant.A cycle is suggested to show how the action of growth factors enable to understand the natural relations existing between the auxo-heterotrophic and the auxo-autotrophic organisms. The growth factors of the soil participate to the biological balance ruling life in and on the soil. The necessity of an ecological vitaminology is being considered.     

Über den Temperatureinfluß bei der Strahlenoxydation von Ferrosulfat

Summary Oxidation of ferric sulphate in a concentration of about 0,002 mols per litre by means of- and-radiations shows no dependence from temperature between 4 and 54 degrees Celsius. Frozen solutions are not oxidized by radiations. Therefore reaction is only possible, when water molecules have free movement. The probability of energy-conduction for the used concentration is not changed by rising temperature for 50 degrees.     

Cortical steroids: Configurations at C20 relative to C17

Zusammenfassung Sieben inaktive Begleit-Corticosteroide, die vonReichstein und anderen aus der Nebennierenrinde isoliert worden sind, enthalten ein Asymmetriezentrum in C₂₀. Es sind bisher sind noch keine Schlußfolgerungen bezüglich der Konfiguration der natürlichen Substanzen in diesem Zentrum relativ zum Rest des Moleküls gezogen worden.In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die Konfiguration an Hand der Betrachtung des Hinderniseffekts, welcher wahrscheinlich den sterischen Lauf der Reaktionen, die zur Partialsynthese der Verbindungen dieser Gruppe angewendet werden, reguliert, mit ziemlicher Sicherheit abgeleitet werden kann. Auf diese Weise sind die Konfigurationen aller sieben natürlichen Steroide festgesetzt und mit den Bezeichnungen der vorgeschlagenen Nomenklatur für die Beschreibung der Konfiguration in C₂₀ relativ zu der in C₁₇ unter Bezugnahme auf ein zyklisches Zwischenprodukt von festgesetzter geometrischer Orientierung ausgedrückt worden.Die Konfiguration in C₂₀ einiger synthetischer 20-Oxy-Verbindungen der 17-Isoallopregnan- und 17-Iso-⁵-pregnen-Reihe sind durch Vergleich mit den entsprechenden 17-Normal-Verbindungen mit Hilfe der Methode des Molekularrotationsunterschiedes nachBarton abgeleitet worden. Im Falle zweier epimerischer 17-Isoallopregnan-3,17,20-triole sind die optischen Eigenschaften nicht entscheidend und zwei Serien von experimentellen Tatsachen scheinen sich zu widersprechen.Experimentelles Beweismaterial, das erst nach der Fertigstellung dieser Abhandlung beigebracht worden war, zeigt, daß eine der Literaturangaben unrichtig ist, wie in der «Note added to proof» erwähnt worden ist.In der Abhandlung ist eine Reihe von Vorschlägen für die Standardisierung der Nomenklatur der Steroide eingeschlossen.     

Oberflächenspannung und Schallgeschwindigkeit

Summary The preceding empirical relation was found between the surface tension of liquids, the specific weight of liquids, and the velocity of sound:=6.3 · 10^{–4 3/2}. In place of the vèocity of sound can be used, with suitable changes in the equation, the compressibility or, in the case of solid substances, the elasticity of the material in question. The range of validity of this relation is so large that it is possible by means of it to calculate the surface tension of solid substances and of gases.