Cl-作用下碳钢和耐候钢大气初期腐蚀的Kelvin探针研究

利用扫描Kelvin探针(SKP)技术,结合腐蚀产物的形貌分析和物相分析,研究了Q235碳钢和Q450耐候钢在盐雾腐蚀实验早期阶段的腐蚀行为和电位分布.结果表明,Cl-对碳钢有强烈的侵蚀作用,在盐雾腐蚀过程的初期,金属表面出现明显的阴极区和阳极区,表面电位随时间逐步正移,呈现局部腐蚀的特征,且由于合金元素的作用,Q450耐候钢腐蚀较为均匀,SKP测试的表面电位高于Q235碳钢,形成的锈层较为致密,耐大气腐蚀性能优于Q235碳钢.     

几种不同材料在含硫介质中的腐蚀速率和腐蚀形貌研究

利用失重法研究了45#碳钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层在含硫介质中的腐蚀速率,采用JSM-6700F场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了微观腐蚀形貌。结果表明,45#碳钢的腐蚀速率大于其它三种材料,Ni-P合金镀层、1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢是含硫介质中的耐蚀材料。随着S2-含量的增加及温度的升高,腐蚀速率增大,在80℃、S2-浓度为2.5%时,Ni-P合金镀层腐蚀速率最大,但也仅为0.004 56 mg.m-2.h-1。微观腐蚀形貌观察,45#碳钢出现大面积的腐蚀沟槽;1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢表面出现点蚀坑;Ni-P镀层宏观上形成均匀腐蚀。     

热红外低比辐射率高漫反射比表面的分形表征

采用ＤＦＢＩＲ模型分析了热红外低比辐射率高漫反射比粗糙表面的宏观分维特性，利用ＳＥＭ表面形貌图和图像处理系统Ｓ６００计算了宏观分维数，为了描述本粗糙表面的微观分形特征，采用Ｗ－Ｍ函数作为其数学模型，了随机分形算法，对粗糙表面ＳＴＭ微观微形貌进行了分形并进行微观分维数，研究结果表明，热红外低比辐射率高漫反射比粗糙表面不仅菜表面，而且是多尺度分形表面，分维数Ｄ与比辐射率及漫反射比ＤＲ均成正相关关系，红     

三种金属材料在四氯化硅溶液中的腐蚀性能研究

采用失重法测定316L钢、304钢、20号碳钢在四氯化硅溶液中的腐蚀速率，并利用光学显微镜观察其表面形貌，从而评价其耐蚀性能。结果表明：三种金属材料在四氯化硅沸腾溶液中耐腐蚀性能从好到差依次为316L钢〉304钢〉20号碳钢，316L钢在沸腾的四氯化硅溶液中平均腐蚀速率小于0．01mm／a，能够满足四氯化硅提纯设备的要求。     

球形石墨微观结构的分形模型

根据铸铁中球形石墨的表面形貌及微区分析，提出其内部角锥体呈多次分枝的分形结构模型，计算出分维值的范围并对分形的形成机理进行了探讨。     

NiCrBSi超音速火焰喷涂层的电化学腐蚀机制

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在普通碳钢表面制备了NicrBsi合金涂层，然后将涂层在利用冰醋酸调整pH值到3的3．5％NaCl(质量分数)溶液中进行全浸泡试验．应用化学成分分析、电子探针分析方法分析了涂层腐蚀后的成分变化和分布，用高频等离子体发射光谱仪分析了腐蚀液中的离子存在情况，用X射线能谱分析了腐蚀产物，用扫描电镜观察了涂层腐蚀后的形貌．结果发现：NiCrBSi合金涂层没有发生成分选择性腐蚀；涂层的腐蚀包括表面宏观均匀腐蚀和腐蚀介质侵入涂层内部引发的腐蚀，后者起关键作用；腐蚀首先在涂层表面存在未熔颗粒及孔隙、夹杂和微裂纹的局部阳极区发生，随后沿孔隙、夹杂、微裂纹、层状组织等形成的阳极通道扩展；涂层的主要失效形式是片状或层状剥离；调整喷涂工艺参数以降低涂层的电化学不均匀性或进行封孔处理有助于提高涂层的耐蚀性能．     

碳钢表面腐蚀性自脆型去污剂制备及其性能

通过二氧化硅和P(MMA-co-MAA)复合,并添加HNO_3等腐蚀剂制备了一种用于碳钢表面的腐蚀性自脆型去污剂。利用电化学测试、形貌观察、失重测试等方法研究了去污剂的性能。结果表明:去污剂具有良好的自脆性能;硝酸含量为0. 5 mol/L、硼砂含量为0. 01 mol/L时,去污剂对碳钢的腐蚀去污效果最佳;去污剂在碳钢表面产生了均匀的腐蚀层,去污剂涂膜厚度为2～4 mm时,平均腐蚀深度可达2. 9～3. 8μm。     

氯离子对碳钢在混凝土孔隙液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用重量法、线性伏安扫描法、弱极化法和SEM,研究C l-对碳钢在模拟混凝土孔隙液(饱和Ca(OH)2溶液)中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,高pH值的混凝土孔隙液能减缓氯离子对碳钢的腐蚀;当pH≥13.6时,在NaC l浓度小于3%的混凝土孔隙液中,碳钢表面因生成钝化膜而不被腐蚀;当pH≤9时,混凝土孔隙液中无论是否存在C l-,碳钢均会被腐蚀;当pH=12.5时,混凝土孔隙液中NaC l浓度小于0.05%,碳钢则不被腐蚀;当混凝土孔隙液中的C l-浓度达到临界氯离子浓度时,碳钢表面的钝化膜开始损坏而被腐蚀,碳钢的腐蚀速度随着C l-浓度的增加而增大.     

薄层电解液中气相缓蚀剂对碳钢腐蚀和缓蚀行为的影响

采用电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗技术，研究了薄层电解液中碳钢的腐蚀行为和吗啉缓蚀剂对它的缓蚀作用．结果表明，300μm的薄层电解液下碳钢电极的阳极极化曲线和阴极极化曲线呈现扩散控制特征，其腐蚀速度比溶液中碳钢电极的腐蚀速度增加．薄层电解液中缓蚀剂的加入，降低了碳钢电极的电化学极化曲线上的阴极和阳极的扩散电流密度，使碳钢电极的电化学阻抗谱上出现感抗弧，表明缓蚀剂在碳钢表面发生了吸附，阻止了阴极还原的氧扩散以及阳极腐蚀产物的迁移．     

典型砂砾油藏CO_2驱地面集输管道缓蚀剂的开发及性能研究

CO_2驱油是提高油藏采收率和动用率的三次采油技术,CO_2驱油技术造成管道和设备遭受严重腐蚀。通过失重法、动电位扫描及腐蚀形貌分析等方法,对开发出的一种适用于砂砾油藏CO_2驱腐蚀环境的缓蚀剂进行了综合性能评价。实验室结果表明,碳钢在CO_2驱模拟腐蚀环境中发生了严重的均匀腐蚀和点蚀,添加浓度为30 mg/L的新型缓蚀剂后,缓蚀效率可达93%以上。动电位扫描结果表明,该缓蚀剂是阳极型缓蚀剂,其在碳钢表面的吸附服从Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that