随机边界条件下玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度

研究了d维空间随机箱中玻色气体的凝聚问题,在箱子的线度L满足均匀分布和高斯分布两种情况下,分别求出了系统发生玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc,并将Tc与固定箱子中玻色气体发生玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度TRc作了比较,发现Tc小于或等于TRc,其具体的关系取决于L所满足的分布函数.同样研究了被限制在频率随机改变的谐振子势阱中的玻色气体的凝聚问题,发现Tc与TRc的关系与上面的结论类似.     

随机边界条件下玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度

研究了d维空间随机箱中玻色气体的凝聚问题，在箱子的线度L满足均匀分布和高斯分布两种情况下，分别求出了系统发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc，并将Tc与固定箱子中玻色气体发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc^R作了比较，发现Tc小于或等于Tc^R，其具体的关系取决于L所满足的分布函数．同样研究了被限制在频率随机改变的谐振子势阱中的玻色气体的凝聚问题，发现Tc与Tc^R的关系与上面的结论类似．     

外势场中粒子的态密度和坡色—爱因斯担凝聚

以简单的幂函数势为在外势场中的粒子态密度，以及理想玻色气体实现玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚的条件和性质。     

低维囚禁理想玻色气体的玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚

应用局域密度近似(LDA)研究低维玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),结果表明:对囚禁于外势中的玻色子来说,在低维情况下也有BEC,但其临界温度Tc,基态的粒子占据率No/N,热容量C在临界温度附近的连续性问题都与外势形式紧密相关.     

二维囚禁广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

应用广义玻色-爱因斯坦分布函数研究在幂函数外势中二维广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),导出二维广义玻色气体的临界温度、基态粒子占据率和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了非广延参数q对玻色系统热统计性质的影响.     

外势场中玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚的统一论证

研究了在幂函数势场中n维气体粒子的态密度公式 ,并讨论了n维理想玻色气体的玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚。     

简谐势阱中弱相互作用玻色气体的临界温度及基态粒子占据率

应用局域密度近似法（LDA）对简谐势约束下的非理想玻色气体发生玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）时的临界温度作出计算，进而讨论了弱相互作用对临界温度及基态粒子占据率的影响。这些研究将有助于对BEC这种新物态性质的进一步了解。     

外势场中粒子的态密度和玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚

以简单的幂函数势为例讨论了在外势场中的粒子态密度 ,以及理想玻色气体实现玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚的条件和性质。     

简谐势阱中的理想玻色气体

应用统计物理方法对谐振势作用下的理想玻色气体进行理论计算，导出系统发生玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚（ＢＥＣ）时的一些物理量，发现产生凝聚的情况与外势场的形式紧密相关．由理论计算求得的临界温度ＴＣ和基态的粒子占据率Ｎ０／Ｎ与实验结果符合较好．这些研究有助于对这种新物态性质的了解．     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚与光子气体

本文一般地讨论了理想玻色气体的空间维度和能谱对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的影响,并用玻色爱因斯坦凝聚解释了光子气体的特殊性质,有助于较深刻地理解光子气体的物理内容。     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）现象的研究

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的研究是当前物理学研究的一个新热点,国内外许多学者都开展了研究。为探讨有关BEC的普遍性质和规律以及影响BEC的主要物理因素,我们研究了任意空间维数下,处于任意幂函数型外势约束中具有不同运动特征的玻色气体和费米气体的性质。导出量子态密度、巨势及其它热力学函数的普遍解析表达式,提出赝体积和普遍热波长等新概念,首次求得有外势约束的玻色气体的态方程,并揭示了BEC的一些新性质和确立了有关BEC的两个新判据,同时还发现了No/N-T/Tc曲线必为凸型的新规律,等等。所得结果有助于深入了解BEC这种新物态的特性,并为实验选择最佳外势阱的形式及其它物理参数提供一些新的理论依据。此外还简要地介绍了国内外研究动态与进展以及本研究的前景。     

OLE技术在MIS中的应用

跟踪分析生成图形应用程序Ｇｅｎｇｒａｐｈ中的更新图形对象子功能Ｕｐｄａｔｅｇｒｐｈ，给出在ＭＩＳ中用Ｕｐｄａｔｅｇｒａｐｈ增加图形功能的方法．该方法具有方便用户操作、提高系统安全性和系统效率等优点．     

n维理想玻色气体的内能和热容量

给出了Ｔ〉Ｔｃ和Ｔ〈ＴＣ情况下不同能谱的ｎ维简交理想玻色气体的内能及热容量的普遍表达式，应用于三维极端相对论理想玻色气体时则在Ｔ－ＴＣ处热容量ＣＶ出现跃变，这与通常玻色气体的ＣＶ在ＴＣ处连续的结果不同。     

Towards Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in potential traps

An exciton is an electron-hole bound pair in a semiconductor. In the low-density limit, it is a composite Bose quasi-particle, akin to the hydrogen atom. Just as in dilute atomic gases, reducing the temperature or increasing the exciton density increases the occupation numbers of the low-energy states leading to quantum degeneracy and eventually to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Because the exciton mass is small--even smaller than the free electron mass--exciton BEC should occur at temperatures of about 1 K, many orders of magnitude higher than for atoms. However, it is in practice difficult to reach BEC conditions, as the temperature of excitons can considerably exceed that of the semiconductor lattice. The search for exciton BEC has concentrated on long-lived excitons: the exciton lifetime against electron-hole recombination therefore should exceed the characteristic timescale for the cooling of initially hot photo-generated excitons. Until now, all experiments on atom condensation were performed on atomic gases confined in the potential traps. Inspired by these experiments, and using specially designed semiconductor nanostructures, we have collected quasi-two-dimensional excitons in an in-plane potential trap. Our photoluminescence measurements show that the quasi-two-dimensional excitons indeed condense at the bottom of the traps, giving rise to a statistically degenerate Bose gas.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-the macroscopic ground-state accumulation of particles with integer spin (bosons) at low temperature and high density-has been observed in several physical systems, including cold atomic gases and solid-state quasiparticles. However, the most omnipresent Bose gas, blackbody radiation (radiation in thermal equilibrium with the cavity walls) does not show this phase transition. In such systems photons have a vanishing chemical potential, meaning that their number is not conserved when the temperature of the photon gas is varied; at low temperatures, photons disappear in the cavity walls instead of occupying the cavity ground state. Theoretical works have considered thermalization processes that conserve photon number (a prerequisite for BEC), involving Compton scattering with a gas of thermal electrons or photon-photon scattering in a nonlinear resonator configuration. Number-conserving thermalization was experimentally observed for a two-dimensional photon gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity, which acts as a 'white-wall' box. Here we report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of photons in this system. The cavity mirrors provide both a confining potential and a non-vanishing effective photon mass, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of trapped, massive bosons. The photons thermalize to the temperature of the dye solution (room temperature) by multiple scattering with the dye molecules. Upon increasing the photon density, we observe the following BEC signatures: the photon energies have a Bose-Einstein distribution with a massively populated ground-state mode on top of a broad thermal wing; the phase transition occurs at the expected photon density and exhibits the predicted dependence on cavity geometry; and the ground-state mode emerges even for a spatially displaced pump spot. The prospects of the observed effects include studies of extremely weakly interacting low-dimensional Bose gases and new coherent ultraviolet sources.     

强简并理想玻色气体的热力学性质

本文讨论由能谱关系为ε=αp~s(s=1,2)的粒子组成的 n 维(n=1,2,3)理想玻色气体在强简并情形下的热力学普遍性质,导出了临界温度 T_c 的普遍表示式,并对发生 BE 凝聚的条件和特征做了讨论。     

二维简谐势阱中理想气体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的转变温度

用直接数值求和的方法研究了低温、低密度理想量子气体的玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚问题．对于二维简谐势阱体系，计算了体系粒子数给定时玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的转变温度，并分析了积分方法与数值求和方法存在差别的原因．结果表明在低温、低密度条件下采用数值方法可更精确的反映系统的特性，积分方法的结果应作修正．     

简谈理想玻色原子气体的BEC

本文描述了理想玻色气体的玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）现象,讨论生成BEC现象的临界温度条件,从量子统计解释了BEC现象．对三维体系,指出了当分子间的平均距离火于分子热运动的德波罗意波长是就能产生BEC现象．从讨论BEC态的热容量可知当温度低于临界温度时,正常态的热容量产生突变即存在相变．