具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

退化抛物方程组的有限差分法

对一类非线性退化抛物方程组初边值问题给出了一种差分格式．通过先验估计和Ｌｅｒａｙ－ｓｃｈａｕｄｅｒ不动点定理证明了有限差分方程组离散解的存在性，同时讨论了差分解的收敛性．     

带阻尼项的广义SRLW方程的一个守恒差分格式

本文对带有阻尼项和耗散项的广义对称正则长波方程的初边值问题进行了数值研究,提出了一个两层非线性有限差分格式,该格式合理地模拟了问题本身的一个守恒性质,讨论了差分解的先验估计,并用能量方法分析了该格式的二阶收敛性与无条件稳定性,最后利用数值算例验证了格式的可靠性.     

非牛顿流体的差分方法研究

用解析方法求解非牛顿流体的流动方程是非常困难的,工程上通常采用有限差分方法对其进行数值求解。为避免用势梯度分量差分方法求解非牛顿流体渗流问题所带来的偏差,提出了求解非牛顿流体渗流问题的势梯度模差分方法;从理论上分析了势梯度分量差分方法存在的缺陷,即非牛顿流体的渗流微分方程与之相对应的分量差分方程不相容。最后以Bingham原油为例揭示了二种方法在数值上的差别。     

用有限差分法分析列车对隧道中电磁波传播特性的影响

文章推导出复杂边界条件下二维Helmholtz方程的差分公式，实例分析了列车对矩形隧道和半圆形隧道中电磁波截止频率的影响、列车-矩形隧道中主模的衰减常数。实例计算结果表明：有限差分法的计算结果与有限元法计算结果完全一致，有限差分法是分析列车-隧道中电磁波传播问题的一种有效方法。     

解非线性抛物方程组的一类有限差分格式

对非线性抛物方程组给出了一类易计算的有限差分格式，证明了有限差分解的存在性及收敛性，并且讨论了差分方程组的可解性．     

有限元有限差分法二维波动逆时偏移初探

提出了采用有限元有限差分实现二维波动方程的逆时偏移算法。该方法在空间上 ,联合采用有限元法和有限差分法 ;对于地表 (水平 )方向 ,使用有限元法进行离散 ,将原方程转化为一个一维 (深度和时间 )问题的方程组 ;在深度和时间方向上 ,采用有限差分法来求解。介绍了算法的基本原理 ,给出了计算实例并与使用F K(频率波数 )域相移法、频率空间域有限差分法的结果进行了比较。与采用有限元的偏移方法相比 ,本方法可以节省大量内存 ;与采用有限差分的偏移方法相比 ,可以在一定程度上提高计算精度。本算法有可能在地震勘探数据处理中发挥一定的作用     

求解非稳定传热传质问题的有限差分方法

非稳态传热传质计算问题是化工过程中经常遇到的课题,本文针对此类问题的求解,在给出两类构造抛物型偏微分方程有限差分格式的一般化方法的基础上,应用这些方法构造了求解传热传质问题的有限差分格式,并建立了近10个新的差分格式。使用这种方法来建立差分格式,可以使差分方程,逼近偏微分方程具有尽可能高阶的截断误差,对于寻找高精度、低计算量的有限差分方法提供了一种可行的有效途径。     

完全可压熔混流驱动问题的特征差分方法及其理论分析

研究多孔介质中完全可压缩渗流驱动问题的计算方法,对压力方程用有限差分离散,对浓度方程用基于局部二次插值的特征线差分方法离散,构造并分析了数值计算格式,证明了最优H_1模误差估计。     

考虑横向剪切变形的矩形厚板的曲线差分解

采用曲线差分法解考虑横向剪切变形的厚板弯曲问题,在同样网格情况下,与普通差分法相比,具有较高的精度。本文利用曲线差分法的基本原理,推导了厚板方程式的曲线差分格式,并通过典型算例与有限差分法、级数解法进行了比较。     

泊松方程非等间距有限差分的数值求解方法

采用3阶精度中心差分格式对Dirichlet边界条件下的二维泊松方程进行离散,近边界网格点处采用2阶精度差分格式进行离散,利用超松弛迭代进行矩阵求解.数值计算结果表明,该有限差分方法具有收敛速度快、精度高的特点,可推广应用于非等间距网格下其他类型偏微分方程的数值求解.