PEMSIP法Ti2N和TiN两相涂层工艺研究

介绍了等离子体增强磁控溅射离子镀ＴｉＮ涂层的工艺，组织结构和性能，研究了氮分压和靶功率对涂层相组成和性能的影响，讨论了Ｔｉ２Ｎ对涂层硬度的影响，实验结果表明，由Ｔｉ２Ｎ和ＴｉＮ两相组成的涂层硬度高，显著提高刀具耐用度。     

等离子化学气相沉积硬膜技术研究

用等离子体化学气相沉积（ＰＣＶＤ）技术制备了ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ、Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）和（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ膜及其组合的多层膜。ＰＣＶＤ具有很好的覆盖性，ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ具有很好的耐磨、蚀性，膜与基体结合良好，因而用ＰＣＶＤ法在高速钢刀具、模具及轴承上沉积ＴｉＮ可大大提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）膜无明显柱状晶，其显微硬度高于ＴｉＮ亦可用于高速钢刀具、模具上提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ，晶     

钛的氯化物化学气相沉积TiN热力学

应用物质自由焓函数法（函数法）及化学反应平衡常数Ｋｐ，对ＴｉＣｌ２，ＴｉＣｌ３和ＴｉＣｌ４的生成反应以及它们与Ｎ２和Ｈ２反应化学气相沉积ＴｉＮ的热力学进行了计算与分析。结果表明，用ＴｉＣｌ３与Ｎ２和Ｈ２的气相反应，能在较低温度下获得ＴｉＮ，为低温化学气相沉积ＴｉＮ提供了理论依据     

涂层成份及结构的X射线光电子谱分析

以硬质合金作为衬底，分别采用了化学涂层（ＣＶＤ）和物理化学涂层（ＰＣＶＤ）的技术涂复Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－ＴｉＮ硬质膜，应用Ｘ射线光电子谱分析（ＸＰＳ）技术，研究涂层表面化学成分、元素化学状态、物相组成及其随深度的变化。涂层表面由Ｔｉ，Ｎ，Ｃ，Ｏ和Ｃｏ组成；表面物相包括ＴｉＮ，ＴｉＯ＿ｘ及ＣｏＯ．随着深度的增加，Ｔｉ：Ｎ迅速变为１，而ＴｉＯ＿ｘ和ＣｏＯ含量急剧减少．     

工模具钢离子束混合改性层的组织结构与性能

研究了Ｍ２钢表面ＴｉＮ涂层的组织结构和性能。这种涂层是通过真空沉 积Ｔｉ原子和注入Ｎ离子交替进行的离子束混合技术实现的。每次沉积Ｔｉ原 子厚度１０００～４０００Ａ，注入Ｎ离子能量６０和９０ｋｅＶ，剂量２×１０１７～８×１０１７ Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２．分析讨论了改性层的相组成及其强化机制。结果表明，在适宜工艺 下，改性层具有高硬度、高耐磨性和优良的结合力。     

离子镀（Ti,Al）N的抗氧化性和抗热疲劳性能

对采用多弧镀方法在ＣＨ７５热作模具钢表面沉积的ＴｉＮ与（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ膜的抗氧化性与抗热疲劳性能进行了研究。     

用CVD法在陶瓷上沉积金色氨化钛装饰涂层

本实验实现了以 ＣＶＤ*法采用 ＴｉＣ１４、 ＮＨ３、 Ｎ２及 Ｈ２在陶瓷基体上产生金色的氨化钛涂层。适宜的沉积温度范围为８００～８５０℃。各气体反应物的流量比较小时，可以获得令人满意的、光亮的金色氨化钛涂层。陶瓷上沉积的金色涂层的组成接近化学计量的ＴｉＮ，即Ｎ／Ｔｉ原子比接近１：１。晶格常数ａ０＝４．２４１Ａ。光亮度达到亮金水平。由于氮化钛硬度高，金色氮化钛涂层比真金涂层具有较高的耐磨性，并且它的化学稳定性也高。     

TiN涂层金属学特性对高速钢刀具耐用度的影响

分别运用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ射线衍射仪研究了空心阴极法（ＨＣＤ）制备的ＴＩＮ涂层的组织结构、微观形貌、内应力和相组成及其对ＴｉＮ涂层高速钢刀具耐用度的影响．在本文试验条件下，涂层插齿刀与铣刀的刀具耐用度分别是未涂层刀具的４．７倍和３．２倍．研究表明，该涂层为精细层状结构，晶粒大小约３４０ｎｍ，具有明显＜１１１＞择优取向，残余应力均为压应力，其组成主要是ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ２Ｎ相，游离钛含量较少．     

双靶反应溅射Ti-B-N复合膜的研制

采用基片架旋转的多靶磁控溅射仪，通过六方氮化硼（ｈ－ＢＮ）和Ｔｉ靶反应溅射制备Ｔｉ－Ｂ－Ｎ复合薄膜，并用ＡＥＳ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等方法研究了薄膜的微结构．结果表明，室温下沉积薄膜均呈非晶态，经过４００°Ｃ热处理薄膜晶化．基片加热为４００°Ｃ沉积的薄膜则已晶化，ＴＥＭ分析确定薄膜结构为ＴｉＮ结构．显微硬度表征发现，室温沉积Ｔｉ与ｈ－ＢＮ的原子数约为２∶１时的薄膜达到最高硬度ＨＫ２６００．     

动态混合高结合力超厚TiN膜

在新型的ＭＢＭＩ多束混合注入设备中、高真空条件下，在Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ基底上采用化学配比态的强流Ｎ＾＋离子束，动态混合真空弧Ｔｉ等离子体束的沉积膜，得到高结合力（Ｌｃ：１００Ｎ）超厚（１０－３０μｍ）的ＴｉＮ膜。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that