Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe?Mn?Si alloy and MnO?SiO2?FeO oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher FeO. It was found that although the FeO content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金在773和823K热处理时的氧化行为

采用金相显微镜(OM)观察、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等分析测试技术,研究Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金在773和823K热处理时的氧化行为。研究结果表明:合金热处理后表面氧化物的主要成分为Y2O3和Zr2Gd2O7的混合物;合金在773K保温48h热处理后,表面被轻微氧化,显微组织与热处理前无明显差别;合金在823K保温48h热处理后表面氧化严重,形成较厚氧化层,氧化层中沿晶界分布有很多尺寸为5~10μm的方形及形状不规则粒子;合金在773K热处理时不需用保护气氛,而在823K热处理需用保护气氛。     

FeO含量对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣熔化温度的影响

基于熔渣离子理论,利用导电法在高纯氩气保护下测定SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣(二元碱度R=0.6)的熔化温度,考察FeO含量对酸性渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,FeO的加入可以降低酸性母渣SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO的熔化温度,且渣中FeO含量越大,渣样熔化温度越低;当渣中FeO含量低于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,渣样熔化温度降低幅度较大;当渣中FeO含量高于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,酸性渣熔化温度降低趋势变缓。     

室温固相法合成纳米FeOOH及Fe2O3

首次报道了通过室温固相反应法,以FeCl3@6H2O和KOH为原料合成纳米FeOOH,将FeOOH分别在400、600、800℃焙烧2 h,即可得到纳米Fe2O3.通过对产物进行TGA-DTA、XRD、IR、TEM和BET表征,结果表明,FeOOH及无定形Fe2O3粒径均在10 nm左右,而α-Fe2O3的粒径为50nm.室温固相法合成纳米FeOOH及Fe2O3操作简单、转化率高、污染少,制备的产物具有粒径小,粒度分布均匀,无团聚现象,比表面较大等优点.对此反应的反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

热处理工艺对6061铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

选取固溶温度为420、450、490、530、570℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,时效时间为1、2、3、4、56、h,对6061铝合金进行固溶时效处理.采用MEF-3金相显微镜进行组织观察、EMPA-1600电子探针进行成分分析、布洛维硬度测试仪进行硬度检测,分析固溶时效对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:固溶温度和时效时间对6061铝合金的显微组织、力学性能有一定的影响,固溶时效后可以获得大量均匀的Mg2Si强化相,且在固溶温度为530℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,保温3 h时获得较高的综合力学性能.     

热处理对镍基合金涂层与基体结合界面的影响

通过热浸镀法在普碳钢表面成功制备镍基合金涂层.为了提高镍基合金涂层与钢基体之间的结合强度,对镀有镍基合金涂层的基体进行了热处理.研究了热处理前、后结合界面处的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,与热处理前相比,热处理后界面附近的涂层中析出物长大,界面处存在不连续块状铁的硼化物,界面两侧镍、铁互扩散距离增加,靠近界面的过渡带由5～8μm变为20μm.热处理前、后涂层均由γ-(Fe,Ni)、CrB、Cr2B和Cr3C2等相组成,过渡带相组成为γ-(Fe,Ni)、微量CrB和Fe23(C,B)6.热处理后,显微硬度由界面向涂层内逐渐增加,界面结合强度由140MPa提高到200MPa.     

热处理工艺对某低合金钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用拉伸试验,研究了某低合金钢在不同温度退火和固溶处理后的力学性能行为,并通过金相组织分析探讨了其原因.结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,该钢的强度几乎不变,塑性和韧性略有降低.与退火态相比,固溶处理后,屈服平台宽度明显减少;碳化物沿晶界析出,起到明显强化作用,该钢强度显著增加,塑性、韧性和形变强化指数降低.     

固溶处理对7050铝合金强度和断裂韧性的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、常温拉伸、紧凑拉伸等实验手段研究固溶处理对7050铝合金拉伸力学性能和断裂韧性的影响.研究结果表明:单级固溶中,随着固溶温度的升高,粗大第二相逐渐溶解,但再结晶体积分数和亚晶尺寸逐渐增大,导致强度和断裂韧性均先增大后减小;双级固溶后,粗大第二相明显减少,再结晶体积分数和亚晶尺寸较小,强度和断裂韧性均超过单级固溶的最大值;固溶后预析出,虽然再结晶体积分数较低,亚晶尺寸较小,但亚晶界析出大量η相,基体内存在大量粗大第二相,强度和断裂韧性明显下降.     

Morphology and quantitative analysis of O phase during heat treatment of hot-deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy

A 1040°C-hot-deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy solution-treated at 950°C and aged at different temperatures was quantitatively investigated. The microstructure, size of the phase, and microhardness of the deformed alloys were measured. The results indicated that the microstructure of the deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy specimens comprise coarse O lath, fine O lath, equiaxed O/α_2, and acicular O phase. More O phase was generated in the deformed alloy after heat treatment because the acicular O phase was more likely to nucleate and grow along the deformation-induced crystal defects such as dislocations and subgrain boundaries. After deformation and subsequent heat treatment, the acicular O phase of the resultant alloy became finer compared to that of the undeformed alloy, and the acicular O phase became coarser and longer with the elevated aging temperature, while the width of the O lath exhibited unobvious variations. The hot deformation facilitated the dissolution of the O lath but accelerated the precipitation of the acicular O phase. When the 950°C-solution-treated deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy was then aged at 750°C for different periods, the phase content was nearly invariable, O and B2 phases eventually reached equilibrium, and the microstructure became stable and homogeneous.     

无水醋酸锌与无水草酸固相反应动力学的研究

用等温热重法研究了无水醋酸锌与无水草酸的固相化学反应,反应分2步进行,通过对转化率数据α进行动力学拟合得到了反应的动力学方程.转化率α较低时发生第一步反应,动力学方程(1－α)－1/2=Ae－E/RTt式中E=70.72kJ/mol、A=4.43×108min－1;转化率α较高时发生第二步反应,动力学方程(1－2α/3)－(1－α)2/3=Ae－E/RTt式中E=122.7kJ/mol、A=9.81×1014min－1.     

Influence of multi-stage heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy

Duplex-structured TC21 alloy samples were first solution-treated at a higher temperature in the α + β region(940°C) with furnace cooling(FC), air cooling(AC), and water cooling(WC), followed by a second-stage solution treatment at a lower temperature in the α + β region(900°C), and then finally aged at 590°C. The effects of the morphology and quantity of α phases on the structure and properties of the TC21 alloy after the different heat treatments were analyzed. The in-situ tensile deformation process and crack propagation behavior were observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The quantity of equiaxed α phases as well as the thickness of lamellar α phases reduced, the tensile strength increased firstly and then decreased, the elongation decreased with the increasing cooling rate after the first-stage solution treatment. The amount and size of lamellar α phases increased after the second-stage solution treatment because of sufficient diffusion of the alloying elements, thereby leading to increased tensile strength. The amount of dispersed α phases increased after the third-stage aging treatment owing to the increase in the nucleation rate, resulting in a noteworthy strengthening effect. After the third-stage aging treatment, the first-stage FC sample exhibited better mechanical properties because it contained more equiaxed α and βtrans phases than the first-stage AC and WC samples.     

多级热处理对TC21钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

Duplex-structured TC21 alloy samples were first solution-treated at a higher temperature in the α + β region (940°C) with furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC), followed by a second-stage solution treatment at a lower temperature in the α + β region (900°C), and then finally aged at 590°C. The effects of the morphology and quantity of α phases on the structure and properties of the TC21 alloy after the different heat treatments were analyzed. The in-situ tensile deformation process and crack propagation behavior were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantity of equiaxed α phases as well as the thickness of lamellar α phases reduced, the tensile strength increased firstly and then decreased, the elongation decreased with the increasing cooling rate after the first-stage solution treatment. The amount and size of lamellar α phases increased after the second-stage solution treatment because of sufficient diffusion of the alloying elements, thereby leading to increased tensile strength. The amount of dispersed α phases increased after the third-stage aging treatment owing to the increase in the nucleation rate, resulting in a noteworthy strengthening effect. After the third-stage aging treatment, the first-stage FC sample exhibited better mechanical properties because it contained more equiaxed α and β_trans phases than the first-stage AC and WC samples.     

Effects of Sb and heat treatment on the microstructure of Al-15.5wt%Mg2Si alloy

The modification effects of alloying element Sb and heat treatment on Al-15.5wt%Mg₂Si alloy were investigated by Olympus microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that Sb plays a significant role in shaping primary Mg₂Si phase and eutectic Mg₂Si phase in Al-15.5wt%Mg₂Si alloy. The Sb addition of about 1.0wt% makes the resultant alloy show the finest primary Mg₂Si phase and the eutectic Mg₂Si phase with well distribution. But further increasing the Sb content decreases the amount of primary Mg₂Si phase, and some segregated phases appear at regions between the grains. In addition, heat treatment can modify the microstructural feature of Sb-modified Al-15.5wt%Mg₂Si alloy in terms of obviously shortening the nodulizing time of primary Mg₂Si phase and eutectic Mg₂Si phase.     

脉冲电流对热处理过程中非金属相形态的影响

以铝硅合金和球墨铸铁为研究对象,分别采用正常热处理、室温及高温下施加脉冲电流处理的方法,研究了脉冲电流对固态金属中非金属相形态的影响.结果表明:在脉冲电流处理下,铝硅合金中粗杆状共晶硅的粒化速度加快;球墨铸铁经脉冲电流处理后,原有石墨的直径没有明显增大,石墨的平均似圆度略有增加,组织中出现了新生的球状小石墨;在脉冲电流作用下非金属相周围位错的行为及原子的扩散是决定非金属相形态的主要原因.     

热处理对高强变形锌合金ZAT10组织与性能的影响

以高强变形锌合金ZAT10为研究对象,通过热分析仪(DSC)、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)、力学性能测试以及模拟海水腐蚀实验,研究高强变形锌合金的相组成以及热处理对高强变形锌合金的相组织、力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:高强变形锌合金ZAT10是由η锌相和(α+η)相的层片状共析体组织组成;280～300℃热处理1h使ZAT10锌合金层片状共析体组织转化为粒状组织,350～360℃热处理1h则层片状组织消失;热处理温度从250℃升到350℃,ZAT10合金的抗拉强度由391 MPa增加到498MPa,伸长率由20％下降至5％;随着热处理温度的提高,合金的抗腐蚀性能提高.     

表面态对AlGaN／GaN异质结构2DEG影响的模拟分析

利用模拟软件研究施主表面态特性与AlGaN/GaN异质结构中二维电子气（2 dimensional electron gas,2DEG）形成之间的关系,分析施主表面态电离过程以及表面态能级位置、表面态密度的影响。结果表明：施主表面态为2DEG的电子来源;Al-GaN能带分布及2DEG密度随AlGaN厚度、施主表面态能级位置、施主表面态密度的改变而改变。     

锂离子电池LiNiO_2正极材料的高温固相合成①及其影响因素研究

采用高温固相法合成了LiNiO2,XRD确定了合成物的结构,用SEM表征LiNiO2粉体的形貌.探讨了反应条件:包括原材料、Li/Ni摩尔比、烧结气氛和温度对产物结构和性能的影响,从而优化了LiNiO2的合成工艺.在空气中合成只能得到Li2Ni8O10相,在O2中才能得到LiNiO2相,所得LiNiO2的电化学性能明显优于所得Li2Ni8O10.合成电化学性能良好的LiNiO2需要稍过量的锂和在氧气中600℃恒温3h,720℃恒温6h,合成过程中得预热处理,解决了低温下反应速度慢,高温下易于烧结而难于控制产物粒径的问题.分析了采用固相配位法合成LiNiO2失败的原因.     

锂离子电池LiNiO2正极材料的高温固相合成及其影响因素研究

采用高温固相法合成了LiNiO2,XRD确定了合成物的结构。用SEM表征LiNiO2粉体的形貌．探讨了反应条件：包括原材料、Li/Ni摩尔比、烧结气氛和温度对产物结构和性能的影响,从而优化了LiNiO2的合成工艺．在空气中合成只能得到Li2Ni8O10相,在O2中才能得到LiNiO2相,所得LiNiO2的电化学性能明显优于所得Li2Ni8O10合成电化学性能良好的LiNiO2需要稍过量的锂和在氧气中600℃恒温3h,720℃恒温6h,合成过程中得预热处理,解决了低温下反应速度慢,高温下易于烧结而难于控制产物粒径的问题．分析了采用固相配位法合成LiNiO2失败的原因．     

碱金属K对铁焦与CO_2气化反应的影响

将铁焦置于K_2CO_3水溶液中煮沸,通过调节煮沸时间获得不同增碱量的试样。采用热重天平和气体分析仪研究铁焦在增碱处理前后几个不同温度下与CO_2气化反应时的失重和废气成分变化情况,确定了铁焦的气化开始温度,并基于未反应核模型进行铁焦的气化反应动力学分析。结果表明,碱金属K使铁焦气化开始温度明显降低;碱金属K对铁焦的气化反应有促进作用,降低了化学反应活化能和内扩散活化能,这种正催化作用在低温下比高温下更明显;铁焦气化反应在开始阶段主要受界面化学反应的控制,随后逐渐变为内扩散和界面化学反应的混合控制。     

Morphology and quantitative analysis of O phase during heat treatment of hot-deformed Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlNb-based alloy

A 1040℃-hot-deformed Ti₂AlNb-based alloy solution-treated at 950℃ and aged at different temperatures was quantitatively investigated. The microstructure, size of the phase, and microhardness of the deformed alloys were measured. The results indicated that the microstructure of the deformed Ti₂AlNb-based alloy specimens comprise coarse O lath, fine O lath, equiaxed O/α₂, and acicular O phase. More O phase was generated in the deformed alloy after heat treatment because the acicular O phase was more likely to nucleate and grow along the deformation-induced crystal defects such as dislocations and subgrain boundaries. After deformation and subsequent heat treatment, the acicular O phase of the resultant alloy became finer compared to that of the undeformed alloy, and the acicular O phase became coarser and longer with the elevated aging temperature, while the width of the O lath exhibited unobvious variations. The hot deformation facilitated the dissolution of the O lath but accelerated the precipitation of the acicular O phase. When the 950℃-solution-treated deformed Ti₂AlNb-based alloy was then aged at 750℃ for different periods, the phase content was nearly invariable, O and B2 phases eventually reached equilibrium, and the microstructure became stable and homogeneous.