A/O膜生物反应器组合工艺处理活性染料废水的实验研究

印染废水成分复杂，主要是以芳烃和杂环化合物为母体．带有乙烯砜基活性基团的活性染料为生物难降解染料，本采用了厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合工艺(A／OMBR)处理含活性染料的模拟废水，研究了在不同的基质浓度、染料浓度以及不同的氪氦浓度下，A／O MBR对模拟印染废水的降解特性．研究结果表明。该工艺对活性染料的脱色主要由厌氧槽的水解酸化来完成。而好氧槽主要起去除COD的作用；增加进水葡萄糖以及氨氮浓度对染料的脱色率基本没有影响。     

膜分离技术在活性染料生产中的应用研究

简要介绍膜分离技术，利用管式纳滤膜对活性黑KN-B、活性亮蓝FCF、M-8B红、活性艳蓝KN-R、活性红SIM-3BS、活性黄M-3RS几种染料进行脱盐试验，考查该体系的膜通量，染料溶液的浓缩情况。纳滤膜工艺不仅可应用于活性染料的脱盐处理，还可达到提高染料的纯度、强度和溶解度的目的，在活性染料脱盐浓缩中的具有极大的前景。     

活性染料与反应性染色

结合作者的工作,系统地综 活性染料,活性纤维和交联染色的工作。阐明了三种染色法都有一个共同特点,即以染料－纤维或染料－交联剂一纤维共价键结合,因此染色纤维有着卓越的湿处理牢度。今后不公需要改善活性染料染色中存在的问题,而且要加强活性染色和交联染色,甚至三者交叉的研究,以达到对纤维尽善尽美的要求。     

含溴乙酰基活性染料的合成及其在丝绸上的应用

本文合成了含溴乙酰基活性染料，并与含氯乙酰基染料反应活性及染料一丝朊键 的稳定性等方面进行了比较。结果表明：前者的反应性无沦在酸性、中性或碱性介质都 较后者活泼；在较缓和的染色条件下。前者具有较高的竭染率和固色率。同时指出， 引入第二个活性基团可以提高染料纤维键的稳定性及染料的利用率。     

硅藻土、粉煤灰的活化及其在印染废水处理中的应用

为了处理印染废水，进行了用ＨＣＩ活化硅藻土、粉煤灰及其处理效能的试验。试验结果表明，活化后的硅藻土和粉煤灰对疏水性染料效果良好，而对活性染料或偶氮染料效果不够理想。     

纺织品激光雕(镂)花工艺研究

使用JC-4185A型激光机，对各类纺织服装面料进行激光雕（镂）花加工，并探讨哪些应用类别的染料适合激光雕花工艺；同时通过大量的实验归纳出激光雕花工艺的主要技术参数。研究结果表明：活性染料、直接染料、还原染料、酸性染料、冰染料等大多数品种可用于激光雕花，且雕花效果理想；而分散染料、硫化染料只有少数品种可用于激光雕花。     

纯棉灯芯绒织物微悬浮体染色的研究

为提高纯棉灯芯绒织物活性染料染色的得色率,降低染色成本,实验采用微悬浮体化助剂CAT对纯棉灯芯绒进行预处理,并用活性染料对经预处理的织物进行染色.实验确定了纯棉灯芯绒织物预处理的最佳工艺,并比较了经处理织物和普通织物采用活性染料染色的样品.实验结果表明,纯棉灯芯绒织物经过CAT预处理可以节约活性染料染色时染料的使用量,并减少染色废弃染料的排放,经预处理的织物和普通织物染色所得样品色牢度基本一致.该技术提高了纯棉灯芯绒织物活性染料染色的固色百分率,符合纺织印染行业节能减排的发展要求,并具有显著的社会和经济效益.     

PVDF／TPU共混中空纤维膜的表征及MBR处理染料废水性能的影响研究

采用相转化法制备PVDF／TPU共混中空纤维膜，选择PVP为添加剂可以改善PVDF／TPU的成膜性能。运行结果表明染料废水中不可降解物质的COD占总COD的4％左右，MBR组合工艺是处理活性染料废水的高效工艺。     

增进活性染料的固色率和染色牢度途径分析

活性染料色泽鲜艳色谱广,染色工艺简单适应性强,是近年来发展最快的一种环保型染料。但活性染料固色率不是很高,染色牢度也不是很好,这些影响了活性染料的应用。从染色机理和染色工艺等方面分析了活性染料固色率和染色牢度不理想的原因,探讨了提高活性染料固色率和染色牢度的一些方法和途径。     

双活性基液体活性染料的制备及性能研究

为了制备浓度较高稳定较好的液体活性染料,研究其染色性能,选用双活性基活性染料活性红R-2BF、活性金黄R-4RFN和活性蓝3GF为研究对象．首先对染料进行提纯,得到高纯度的染料,并研究影响染料稳定性的因素,包括pH、无机盐．在此基础上筛选出合适的缓冲溶剂及有机溶剂,配制液体活性染料,并研究液体染料的染色性能．实验结果表明,液体活性染料在pH为7．0左右时,稳定性较好,无机盐的浓度越低染料稳定性越好．缓冲溶液选择Na2HPO4＋KH2PO4且用量为4％、有机溶剂选择正丁醇且用量为3％时,配制的液体活性染料的稳定性及溶解度较好,且液体染料的吸尽率和固色率高于直接用水溶解的粉状染料溶液．     

树脂型反应性染料固色剂ED—Z的合成及应用

本文介绍了树脂型ED—Z固色剂的合成及其在反应性染料及部分直接染料固色处理中的应用。该固色剂为树脂性预聚体,是一种多官能度的化合物,既能与染料分子反应,也能与纤维素大分子反应。该固色剂对反应性染料湿熨烫牢度的改善特别有效,固色后基本无色变现象,对日晒牢度的影响较其他类型固色剂为小。     

环保染料的研究现状及发展趋势

对环保型染料的现状与发展进行综述,介绍了环保型染料的判别原则,详细阐述了国内外环保型活性染料、分散染料、酸性染料和喷墨印花用墨水的现状和发展动向,为选择和使用环保型染料提供参考。     

锦／涤交织物同溶双色染色的几种工艺初探

本文就锦／涤交织物的双色同浴双色进行了简要的分析讨论，指出了锦／涤交织蚊帐采用酸性／分散染料、交织锦缎采用分散／活性染料可获得一浴双色的效果。     

Cationic Modification of Cellulosic Fibres with Polyepichloro-hydrinamine Resins to Offer a Potential Dyeing Process Producing Cleaner Dyeing Effluent

Cationic modifying agent (PECH-amine) with lower molecular weight and containing less nitrogen was prepared and characterized. The water-soluble cationic modification agent has high reactivity for cotton. Cotton modified by this agent can be dyed under salt-free and neutral conditions with direct and reactive dyes. Dyes in the dyebath could be completely exhausted and a dyeing effluent without residual dyes and salt could be expected.     

应用交联剂TAHT提高活性染料固色率的探讨

本文探讨了交联剂TAHT在活性染料印花时的作用。证实了在活性染料印花中采用交联剂TAHT,可使大部分常用活性染料的固色率及印花织物的K/S值获得不同程度的提高,并确定了应用TAHT的合适的色浆配方及印花工艺。使用TAHT可提高活性染料的利用率,减轻后处理负担,减少污水,降低成本。     

Determination of Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) Concentration in Wool Dyeing Effluent of Lanasol Dyes

In this paper, the absorbable organic halogen (AOX) amounts in the effluents from Lanasol reactive wool dyeing were determined using DIN 38409 H14 methods and compared with the remaining chromophore concentratlons which were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the dyes remaining in the dyeing effluents did result in AOX concentratiom. By measuring the adsorption rates of Lanasol dyes on activated charcoal at different temperatures and pH values, the maximum adsorption on activated charcoal and optimum adsorption conditions of the Lanasol reactive dyes were determined. The experiments showed that the AOX values of the dyes measured by these two methods were not in agreement.he reasons for this observation are discussed.     

Impact of Artificial Perspiration on Photo-stability of Reactive Dyes on Cellulose

The photo-reactions between metabolic products of human sweat and dyestuffs on garments may produce many toxic substances which could directly contact skin and threaten human health. In order to investigate the impact of the perspiration on photo-fading of reactive dyes on cellulose, nine commercial reactive dyes belonging to three types of chromophores （azo, Cu-complex azo and anthraquinone） respectively were chosen and their perspiration-light stability on cotton fabric was studied following ATTS test standard. It is found that the impact of the artificial perspiration on dyes varies with different chromophores： anthraquinone reactive dyes always show the best photo-stability, whereas Cu-complex azo reactive dyes appear to be the most sensitive under exposure to light and perspiration. The pH value of perspiration also greatly influences the fading of dyes with different reactive groups： the fading rate of most chlorotriazinyl reactive dyes in acidic perspiration （pH = 3. 5） is higher than in alkaline perspiration （pH= 8.0）, while the reverse is true for most vinylsulphonyl dyes. Furthermore, the study of the contribution of individual component of the artificial perspiration discloses that L- Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate, DL-Aspartic acid and lactic acid play the major roles on the photo-fading of those selected dyestuffs and inorganic salts including d＇isodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride usually decelerate photo-fading.     

Determining Compatibilities of Reactive Dyes in Pad Dyeing

Compatibilities of reactive dyes were conventionally shown by exhausting curves. But the change of proportion of dyes in padding dyebath was difficult for pad dyeing to be described by these curves. In this paper, a kind of simulation of pad dyeing process was used to determine dyestuff compatibility in pad dyeing for ramie and linen fabrics. Seven reactive dyes were divided into three groups and tested. The group with Cibacron Yellow C - 2R, Red C - R, and Blue C - R showed very good compatibility both for ramie and linen, and the other two groups of dyes gave out correspondingly low compatibilities in the pad dyeing tests. The results of the method for determining the compatibility of dyes displayed good consistency with the actul pad dyeing process.