等径角挤压对纯铜组织与性能的影响

研究采用BC路径(即试样进入下一道次挤压时按同一方向旋转90°)对纯铜进行等径角挤压后得到的组织与性能.结果表明,通过室温下对纯铜的8道次挤压后,得到均匀、细小的等轴晶组织(晶粒尺寸约1.5μm).抗拉强度从原来的235 MPa提高到420 MPa,硬度从114 HV提高到184.3 HV,延伸率由原来的45%降低到19%.通过对不同挤压道次试样在473 K下60 min的退火处理后,其晶粒进一步细化至1μm,其抗拉强度提高到435 MPa.     

纯铜粉末包套-等径角挤压工艺实验研究

针对粉末材料低塑性的特点,在室温条件下采用包套-等径角挤压工艺(PITS-ECAP)将纯铜粉末颗粒直接固结成高致密度块体细晶材料.结果表明,包套-等径角挤压工艺对粉末材料具有有效的致密和细化效果.4道次PITS-ECAP工艺变形后,试样X、Y、Z面均受到剧烈剪切作用,晶粒尺寸得到明显细化,显微组织呈细长条带流线状,且分布较为均匀;试样整体组织达到完全致密,平均显微硬度高达1 470 MPa.在PITSECAP工艺变形过程中,剧烈塑性剪切变形、较高静水压力和有效应变积累是保证粉末材料致密度大幅度提高以及显微组织有效细化的主要原因.     

基于位错演化理论的等径角挤压纳米微晶材料数值分析

研究材料微观组织的演化对应力、应变以及应变硬化等问题的影响,是实现等径角挤压成形技术的关键.以纯铝为例,基于位错演化模型,利用有限元分析方法对纯铝的等径角挤压变形行为进行了数值仿真,分析了挤压过程中材料应力、应变以及应变硬化的演化趋势及分布规律.结果表明:随着挤压道次增加,纯铝中等效应力逐渐增加,这导致材料中位错密度的增加;随着位错密度的增加,主应变最大值随后续挤压道次的增加呈增大趋势.因此,考虑等径角挤压过程中的位错演化等材料微观组织演化规律,对材料的实际挤压成形有指导作用.     

Al-3%Si合金等径角挤压的变形行为

采用A路径对内部含有铜片的Al-3%Si合金在室温下进行5道次等径角挤压来考察其对材料宏观和微观组织影响.通过示踪法研究铜片位置的变化,通过SEM和OM观察脆性相Si的变化,并对材料进行XRD分析.结果表明:经5道次变形后铜片发生偏转至45°,铜片自身也发生了扭曲变形,证明剪切作用下,存在着扭转力;共晶Si的变化行为是在1道次挤压后共晶Si呈长条状分布在晶界;2道次挤压后长条状共晶Si被破碎成短杆状,部分偏离晶界;4道次挤压后短杆状共晶Si被破碎成块状,弥散分布在基体上;5道次挤压后块状共晶Si发生了偏聚,平均尺寸由10μm变为3μm,并在垂直剪切方向上存在明显移动;晶面取向(220)的衍射峰强度逐步降低,而(111)晶面的衍射峰强度则明显增加,主导取向由(220)变为(111),晶面取向(200)和(311)变化不明显.     

等径角挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金板材冲压性能的影响

对采用等径角挤压(ECAE)工艺前后AZ31镁合金板材的性能参数和冲压成形性能进行了研究.结果表明,经过等径角挤压工艺处理后镁合金板材的应变硬化指数n值、各向异性r值和极限拉深比LDR值均得到了优化,从而改善了镁合金板材的冲压性能.     

等径角挤压工艺对Ti5553合金冲蚀磨损性能的影响

摘要： 考察了经等径角挤压（ECAE）处理前后的Ti5553合金在含泥沙海水环境中的冲蚀磨损特性,采用扫描电子显微镜观察冲蚀磨损后的试样表面形貌并结合MATLAB软件进行定量分析,探讨了Ti5553合金显微组织、力学性能及冲蚀机理的演变对其冲蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明：经ECAE处理后,Ti5553合金的抗冲蚀磨损性能明显提高,这是由于ECAE工艺能够通过细晶强化而提高Ti5553合金的强度与韧塑性、改善其微观组织所致;未经ECAE处理的Ti5553合金的冲蚀磨损机理为冲击变形及犁沟剥落,并伴随大面积划痕和冲击坑裂纹的产生,而经ECAE处理的Ti5553合金的冲蚀机理为轻微冲击变形及犁沟剥落,划痕和冲击坑裂纹的扩展趋势不明显.     

等径弯角挤压处理对TiNi合金磨损性能的影响

以热锻态Ti-50.6%Ni合金为原料,采用新型的等径弯角挤压(ECAE)工艺在高温下制备了微米级TiNi合金块体材料,考察了ECAE及退火处理对TiNi合金磨损性能的影响.结果表明,与原态合金相比,经过ECAE及退火处理的TiNi合金由于发生了严重的塑性变形,导致晶粒细化,从而提高了合金抗塑性变形的能力,改善了TiNi合金的耐磨性.TiNi合金磨损量随载荷和滑动距离的增加而增加;TiNi合金磨损表面主要表现为粘着磨损.     

摩擦阻力对纯铝在等径弯角挤压过程中变形的影响

室温下对纯铝试样进行了等径弯角挤压(ECAE),通过对挤压后纯铝试样的宏观变形及微观形貌分析,探讨了ECAE过程中模具内壁与试样之间的摩擦阻力对试样变形的影响,得到了滞变区比例与挤压位移之间的关系．结果表明：挤压过程中试样在模具通道内角点附近形成难变形区;在模具通道外角点形成变形死区;试样的芯部变形比较均匀,为明显的剪切变形;受摩擦阻力的影响,试样顶部和底部均出现了滞变区,该区域呈轴对称分布且沿试样长度方向逐渐向试样芯部扩展;滞变区比例随挤压的进行而增大．     

NiTi合金等径弯角挤压工艺及晶粒细化

针对NiTi合金的等径弯角挤压(ECAE)工艺及对晶粒的细化效果进行了研究,对该合金在温度为700、750、850、950℃,挤压速率为25 mm/s非等温条件下的ECAE过程进行了试验.在非等温条件下,利用ECAE技术实现了大块材镍钛合金材料的晶粒细化.研究表明,在热加工条件下,锻态NiTi合金的原始粗大晶粒经一次挤压后均可以得到细化,而且细化的程度近似相等.但不同加热温度下的后续挤压对合金晶粒的细化效果却有显著的不同.     

两步等通道角挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能

对AZ31镁合金经等通道角挤压（ECAE）变形后的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究．结果表明：在498-523K温度范围内变形后,合金晶粒随着变形程度增加明显细化,延伸率提高,但屈服强度降低;随着变形温度降低,变形后合金的延伸率下降,而屈服强度有所提高．基于以上两点规律提出了两步ECAE工艺,在两步ECAE变形过程中,AZ31合金的变形温度可以降低至453K,经两步ECAE变形后,获得亚微米级的亚结构AZ31镁合金的强韧性随之得到明显的改善．     

等通道转角挤出制备自增强高密度聚乙烯

采用等通道转角挤出（ECAE）方法对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）进行自增强挤出，研究挤出工艺条件与材料结构、性能之间的关系．利用广角X射线衍射（WAXD）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）等手段对材料结构进行表征，结果表明：经过等通道转角挤出后，HDPE的结晶度提高、晶粒细化，抗拉强度提高了23％．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZE10 magnesium alloy prepared by equal channel angular pressing

ZE10 magnesium alloy was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 12 passes in a die with an angle of 120° between the two channels at 250-300℃. An inhomogeneous microstructure of bimodal grains including fine grains of 1-2 μm as well as coarse grains of about 20μm was obtained after the initial 1-4 ECAP passes. The grain size became increasingly homogeneous with further ECAP processing and the grains were significantly refined to 1-2 ktm after 8 passes and further refined to 0.5-1 μm after 12 passes. The alloy's yield strength changed slightly but the ductility improved greatly initially up to 4-6 passes corresponding to the bimodal grain microstructure. And after the subsequent pressing of more than 8 passes, the tensile strength including yield strength improved while the elongation decreased gradually.     

Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on Al-6063 bending fatigue characteristics

The purpose of this investigation was to refine the grains of annealed 6063 aluminum alloy and to improve its yield stress and ultimate strength. This was accomplished via the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process at a temperature of 200℃ using route A, with a constant ram speed of 30 mm/min through a die angle of 90° between the die channels for as many as 6 passes. The experiments were conducted on an Avery universal testing machine. The results showed that the grain diameter decreased from 45 μm to 2.8 μm after 6 extrusion passes. The results also indicated that the major improvement in fatigue resistance occurred after the first pass. The subsequent passes improved the fatigue life but at a considerably lower rate. A maximum increase of 1100% in the case of low applied stresses and an approximately 2200% increase in fatigue resistance in the case of high applied stresses were observed after 5 passes. The improvement of fatigue resistance is presumed to be due to (1) a reduction in the size and the number of Si crystals with increasing number of ECAE passes, (2) the aggregation of Cu during the ECAE process, (3) the formation and growth of CuAl₂ grains, and (4) grain refinement of the Al-6063 alloy during the ECAE process.     

Improvements in the microstructure and fatigue behavior of pure copper using equal channel angular extrusion

In this study, annealed pure copper was extruded using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for a maximum of eight passes. The fatigue resistance of extruded specimens was evaluated for different passes and applied stresses using fatigue tests, fractography, and metallography. The mechanical properties of the extruded material were obtained at a tensile test velocity of 0.5 mm/min. It was found that the maximum increase in strength occurred after the 2nd pass. The total increase in ultimate strength after eight passes was 94%. The results of fatigue tests indicated that a significant improvement in fatigue life occurred after the 2nd pass. In subsequent passes, the fatigue life continued to improve but at a considerably lower rate. The improved fatigue life was dependent on the number of passes and applied stresses. For low stresses (or high-cycle fatigue), a maximum increase in fatigue resistance of approximately 500% was observed for the extruded material after eight passes, whereas a maximum fatigue resistance of 5000% was obtained for high-applied stresses (or low-cycle fatigue). Optical microscopic examinations revealed grain refinements in the range of 32 to 4 μm. A maximum increase in impact energy absorption of 100% was achieved after eight passes. Consistent results were obtained from fractography and metallography examinations of the extruded material during fatigue tests.     

等衰落轨道角动量索引调制系统的信道容量性能分析

射频轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum,OAM)提供了一种可以在同一载波频率物理信道上复用一组正交模式以提高信道容量的方法。现有研究大多专注于信道容量提升,对系统复杂度的研究相对较少。在基于均匀圆形阵列(uniform circular array,UCA)的OAM通信系统中,发射机需要完成大量调制运算以生成OAM信号。于是,提出了一种等衰落轨道角动量索引调制(equal fading orbital angular momentum index modulation,EOAM-IM)方案,其中,IM有效降低了OAM调制运算复杂度,且等衰落发射机也保证了不同模式OAM子信道传输增益。此外,还详细推导了所提EOAM-IM方案的系统信道容量。仿真结果表明,所提EOAM-IM方案能以更低的调制复杂度获得比传统OAM方案更高的信道容量。     

等通道转角挤压（ECAE）对聚（D，L-）乳酸弯曲性能的研究

采用等通道转角挤压技术对聚(D,L-)乳酸(PDLLA)进行塑性变形.与压制成型工艺比较,ECAE对样品的弯曲性能有明显影响.随着转角挤压温度的提高,聚(D,L-)乳酸材料的弯曲强度逐渐增大,当温度为75℃时,其弯曲强度σ_b达到最大值164 MPa.聚(D,L-)乳酸等通道转角挤压后,断裂机理由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂,形成韧性断裂断口形貌.     

塑料挤胀成型工艺及设备研制

介绍了一种新的塑料二次成型方法———塑料挤胀成型法,对不同胀形介质的成型工艺特性进行了分析和比较,阐述了模具和液压系统的设计.     

稀土Mg-Mn-Zn-Ce合金等通道转角挤压工艺

为获得性能良好的超细晶镁合金材料,采用等通道转角挤压工艺对稀土Mg—Mn—Zn—Ce合金进行塑性加工,研究了速度、温度和润滑条件对合金的挤压工艺以及性能的影响。实验结果表明：对于稀土Mg—Mn—Zn-Ce合金,等通道转角挤压的润滑剂为7025高温润滑脂,速度2mm／s,第一道次的挤压温度为250℃,第二道次的挤压温度为270℃。该工艺条件使等通道转角挤压能够顺利进行,可获得表面光滑平整、晶粒组织细化的稀土Mg—Mn—Zn—Ce合金。