Effect of roughness and wettability of silicon wafer in cavitation erosion

Material damage of silicon wafer with different roughness and wettability was investigated by using the self-made vibration cavitation apparatus in de-ionized water. Various roughness and wettability of silicon wafer were achieved by changing their morphology and depositing Au, diamond-like carbon films （DLC films） on them. Surface morphology was observed with a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and a surface profilometer, and wettability was characterized by the contact angle measurement. The cavitation erosion results showed that many tiny pits and cracks appeared on the wafer surface as a result of brittle fractures; the number and size of the pits and cracks increased with experiment time, which made material flake away finally; cavitation occurred more easily on the silicon wafer surface with the augment of roughness or contact angle by changing surface morphology or depositing Au, DLC thin film on it, which consequently aggravated cavitation damage.     

水力机械抗磨蚀材料及其防护技术的进展

综述了水力机械过流部件抗磨蚀材料及防护技术的发展历程，概括了抗磨蚀材料的组织结构及机械性能与磨蚀的关系；讨论了抗磨蚀材料从铸铁，青铜到合金钢的发展历程，分析了表面抗磨技术的应用现状，指出表面覆层处理是解决磨蚀的有效方法，其关键是抗磨蚀材料的设计与选择，最后对抗磨蚀材料及其防护技术进行了预测。     

空化水射流研究现状及其应用

综述了高压水射流技术发展及应用过程,认为空化水射流是一种富有发展前途的高效新型射流．通过对空化水射流机理、空化数和冲击压力两个重要空化参数的分析,显示了空化射流的潜在优势．实验表明人工淹没空化射流具有较强的冲蚀效果,并克服了靶距范围的不足．简要介绍了该技术应用于火箭发动机内脏固体推进剂清洗工程的射流系统设计．     

动载滑动轴承气蚀磨损失效分析

通过对失效动载滑动轴承气蚀磨损的宏观特征分析和SEM研究发现,动载轴承气蚀失效有2种独特形貌.对合金层为3层结构的轴承气蚀失效机理进行了分析并解释了疲劳裂纹通过由不同材料构成的3层结构的变化.具有3层结构材料的合金层与单一合金层相比具有不同的裂纹生长方式,尤其是在2种材料的分界面处.分析表明:裂纹首先自摩擦层表面向里发展,当裂纹不断扩展到达摩擦层与镍栅层的结合面附近时,由于结合面的屏蔽效应转向沿与结合面平行方向扩展;除了相界裂纹,承载层中还存在第二相裂纹.图4,参10.     

再生塑料颗粒表面对改性混凝土的力学性能影响研究

对再生塑料颗粒表面对改善混凝土的力学性能进行了研究,将2组成分相同表面粗糙度不同的再生塑料颗粒添加到混凝土中,等体积取代部分细骨料,然后对再生塑料改性混凝土进行立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、轴心抗压强度及抗折强度试验.试验结果表明,掺入表面粗糙的再生塑料颗粒的混凝土的力学性能优于掺入表面光滑的再生塑料颗粒的混凝土.     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique. Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation erosion equipment. The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm. The layer had a dense microstructure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found. The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser alloying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel. The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its metallurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

淹没磨料射流效应实验研究

在前混合磨料射流系统和淹没射流环境下,借助数码摄像测试系统,研究淹没磨料射流中空泡云的形成以及空泡云长度随泵压、围压的变化规律.研究结果表明:在淹没磨料射流中,空化噪音随围压的增加而减少;在低围压阶段,空化噪音衰减明显,淹没磨料射流不出现最大噪音的峰值围压;而随泵压的增加,空化噪音逐渐增加,其变化规律与清水空化射流产生的空化噪音变化规律基本一致;泵压增加,花岗石的冲蚀深度增加,泵压与冲蚀深度呈指数函数分布;围压增加,花岗石的冲蚀深度减少,最优空蚀效应围压为1 MPa.     

非磁性金属材料的研磨特性和加工机理

由不锈钢、铜及铝平板的研磨实验中可以看到：混入的铁粒子的粒径及其混合比例对加工效率影响很大；工件与磨料间的硬度差也影响着铁粒子与磁性磨料的最佳混合比例；在研磨加工中，研磨压力存在最佳值。     

激光表面纹理加工Ti6Al4V空蚀的形貌特征

为提高钛合金的抗空蚀性能,采用激光对Ti6Al4V合金进行表面纹理加工.采用维氏显微硬度计对试样的横截面硬度进行表征,采用磁致伸缩超声振动仪对试样的抗空蚀特性进行测试,采用扫描电子显微镜对试样空蚀形貌进行观测.结果表明,经激光表面纹理加工后,试样的表层硬度均得到明显提高.直线纹理试样空蚀的形貌特征为纹理突起处呈海绵状,网格纹理试样空蚀的形貌特征为纹理突起处出现针孔和疲劳裂纹及由脆性断裂引起材料剥离脱落产生的空蚀坑,状点纹理试样表面仅出现麻点状空蚀特征.各种纹理的凹陷处均无明显的空蚀特征,抗空蚀性能均得到明显增强.     

淹没磨料射流的空蚀能力分析

淹没磨料射流的空蚀能力决定着磨料射流在水下切割能力的强弱.采用高压密闭容器模拟水下环境,利用磨料射流系统、数码摄像系统,实验研究了淹没磨料射流的紊流特性,进行了空蚀能力的理论分析.探讨了淹没磨料射流紊流系数随泵压、围压的变化规律.研究表明,文丘里型空化喷嘴的射流系统中,相同条件下,5 MPa以上淹没磨料射流的空化数较纯水空化射流大,磨料的存在使淹没磨料射流空蚀能力降低.     

Water erosion mechanism of mild carbon steels induced by micro-particles

To clarify the water erosion mechanism of the mild carbon steels, the water erosion experiments were performed by using deionized water as steam source. The results showed that under the damage threshold velocity of liquid impact, the material surface would not be destroyed. However, when the micro-particles were added into the steam, the pits appeared on the surface soon. By comparison, it is found that the pits are quite different from those induced by micro-particles impact without steam, but similar to those induced by cavitation erosion. The results indicated that the water erosion mechanism was similar to that of cavitation erosion under the damage threshold velocity. The micro-particles carry the micro-bubbles to approach the surface of the material, and the micro-bubbles collapse and generate micro-jet to impinge vertically on the surface, which lead to the produce of pits.     

空蚀诱发相变对金属材料抗空蚀性能的影响

用旋转圆盘试验机研究了4种金属材料的抗空蚀性能。结果表明：亚稳态金属材料Fe-Mn-Si合金，Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni和Fe-Cr-Ni不锈钢空蚀中分别诱发了密排六方晶体结构马氏体和体心立方晶体结构马氏体，其抗空蚀性能依次分别为0C13Ni5Mo的不锈钢的7．3倍，1．8倍和1．6倍；空蚀诱发马氏体相变有助于提高材料的抗空蚀性能，并与空蚀过程中动态相变对应力的响应密切相关；马氏体相变及其逆转变引起的能量耗散和伪弹性大大提高了Fe-Mn-Si合金的抗空蚀性能。     

Affected zone generated around the erosion pit on carbon steel surface at the incipient stage of vibration cavitation

The characteristics of erosion pits on a carbon steel surface were investigated at the incipient stage of cavitation erosion. After a 5-minute experiment performed in an ultrasonic vibration system, needle-like erosion pits appeared on the polished steel surface, and a specially affected zone was formed around the pit. The shape of the pit and the plastic deformation of the affected zone indicate that the me-chanical impaction on the surface is the main reason for the cavitation damage. On the other hand, the iridescent color, the decreased surface hardness and the precipitated carbides on the affected zone prove that the affected zone has experienced a tempering process with the temperature higher than 300℃. The lack of oxygen in the affected zone also proves that it is not a chemical oxygen result. A special phenomenon that a carbon ring forms in the affected zone is explained as a result of the tor- oidal bubbles＇ heating effect at the final stage of the bubble collapse.     

水滴撞击固体表面实验研究

为了研究水滴撞击固体表面的影响因素,利用高速摄影仪记录了水滴撞击不同固体表面的形态变化过程,记录速度为2000f/s.实验是在常温大气环境中进行的,水滴的初始直径固定在(1.8±0.05)mm.对不同材料和不同表面粗糙度的固体表面以及不同撞击角度进行了实验观察,并采用图像处理技术获得不同条件对液滴撞击固体表面行为的影响.实验结果表明:不同固体表面、不同表面粗糙度和撞击角度对液滴撞击固体表面后的润湿行为有非常显著的影响.随着We由50增大到300,液滴撞击在非润湿性表面上会出现部分反弹、反弹甚至飞溅现象;相同固体表面的表面粗糙度增大使撞击过程的接触角变小.     

20SiMn钢冲蚀和空蚀的失效行为研究

用CMS 12 0旋臂式真空冲蚀试验机和KS 6 0振动空蚀磁致伸缩仪对 2 0SiMn钢 90°攻角冲蚀和空蚀进行了试验研究 .结果表明 :2 0SiMn钢冲蚀分为孕育期、增重期和稳定期 3个阶段 ;空蚀由孕育期、急剧上升期、衰减期和稳定期 4个阶段组成 ;冲蚀、空蚀裂纹主要沿晶界萌生和扩展 ,失效机制是因局部微区机械力作用造成沿晶断裂和晶内蚀坑 ;晶粒脱落是空蚀的重要失效方式之一 .     

不锈钢空蚀磨蚀的形貌特征研究

本文利用转盘、高头水洞、ＳＥＭ、光学金相、ＥＤＡＸ和波谱等研究了奥氏体不锈钢表面发生纯空蚀、纯磨蚀、空蚀磨蚀共存、静水和动水腐蚀的形貌特征以及某些奇特现象；分析对比了黄河水轮机叶片的原体形貌；讨论了空蚀的机制。     

岩石表面粗糙度的三维定量分析方法

为探究一种三维定量描述岩石表面粗糙程度的方法,通过非接触式超景深三维显微设备获取岩石表面三维彩色等高图,提取并计算三维彩色等高图上各像素点的坐标信息,提出表面轮廓体积均方根Vp描述岩石表面粗糙程度。研究结果表明:Vp值与标准轮廓曲线的JRC值、节理剖面系数Rp值均存在指数函数正相关,Vp值越大,粗糙度越大;Vp用于对比粗糙度差异性更直观,克服了粗糙度各向异性及不同方向上存在随机性的理论缺陷,设备及像素点统计方法具有较好的经济性、高效性。     

金属表面预处理对环氧树脂粘结剂粘结强度的影响

利用拉伸剪切实验系统地研究了砂纸打磨、喷砂、酸洗和磷化四种表面处理方法对粘结剂粘结强度的影响,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）、表面粗糙度测试仪对金属表面形貌的研究,结合能谱测定拉剪试样破坏面的成分数据,详细分析了不同表面处理方法影响界面粘结强度的作用机理。结果表明,各种表面处理方法均可改变金属表面形态,从而有效提高界面粘结强度,为进一步提高粘结剂／金属界面结合强度打下一定的基础。     

外圆切入磨削径向进给量对表面粗糙度的影响

国内外一些技术文献通过理论分析认为磨削时径向进给量对工件表面粗糙度无直接影响,本文为此做了专门的实验验证,实验结果表明这些理论分析的结论与实际不相符合。     

磁性磨粒的溶胶-凝胶法制备工艺及性能分析

为了解决传统磁性磨粒制备过程中磁性磨粒破碎难的问题,提出一种无需破碎的溶胶-凝胶法制备磁性磨粒的工艺。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、特斯拉仪以及激光粒度分布仪对磁性磨粒进行了表征及性能分析,对6061铝合金板进行磁性研磨加工试验,结果表明工件的表面粗糙度Ra值和Rz值分别从0.528μm和4.99μm降低到0.194μm和1.65μm;可见溶胶-凝胶法制备的磁性磨粒无需破碎、分散均匀,具备良好的加工性能。加工后,工件的表面质量明显提高。