基于FSM的通信协议形式描述与验证技术

本文主要研讨基于有限状态机(FSM)的通信协议形式描述与验证技术。文中先论述了基本FSM形式描述与验证技术,给出了访问确认协议的FSM描述与验证实例,研讨了基于FSM验证方法的形式数学基础——全局状态矩阵的特征和性质;接着讨论了基于FSM的有关改进形式技术;最后给出了有关结论。     

基于Z的虚拟加工仿真环境规范技术研究

对虚拟加工仿真环境模型的规范化技术进行了研究,针对虚拟加工仿真环境的快速创建和不同平台之间模型共享需求,分析并提出采用Z语言描述虚拟加工仿真环境中的几何模型、逻辑模型和机构模型的要素定义及形式化表达方案,用于保证模型描述的严谨性和无二义性,通过实例验证了机床模型形式化表迭方案的有效性.规范描述的实现方法选用中性文件,易于理解和实现.     

公路施工网络计划技术若干实用问题研究

在对公路施工网络计划技术进行实用研究的基础上，就公路施工网络计划提出了工序划分五原则；明确了公路施工进度计划中的时日的两种表示法，描述了它们之间的换算关系。并结合我国公路施工进度计划管理的特点和人们制定施工进度计划时的现行思维方式，探讨了工序隶属度的计算方法，在此基础上，建立了考虑各工序隶属度的适合公路工程的单代号最小时距搭接网络的计算公式。从而促进网络计划技术与公路施工的结合，改变网络计划技术与公路施工特点脱节的状况.     

战略决策专家系统中的一种新知识表示方法

介绍了战略决策专家系统中一种新的知识表示方法“分解－综合”知识表示法，给出了“分解－综合”表示法的应用实例，指出了“分解－综合”表示法的优点.     

大型海军舰船研制技术风险综合评估的一种结构化方法

给出了海军舰船系统的产品分解结构, 以美国NASA所提出的技术成熟度等级(TRL)为基础, 探讨了各个TRL级别对应的工程标志, 提出了确定底层单元技术成熟度的2种实施方式. 在系统指标综合过程中, 提出并分析了确定底层单元TLR权重的技术需求和难度因子、 技术关键程度因子和技术重要程度因子, 给出了权重要素的三维表示方法, 基于工程知识和应用经验确定了三类权重的确定方法. 在此基础上, 给出了各一级系统以及全舰级别TRL的计算表示法和图形表示法, 并对进一步的研究方向进行了分析.     

体系对抗仿真模型形式规范研究

体系对抗仿真已经成为武器系统作战效能评估和武器装备论证的有效手段。然而,目前缺乏对于体系对抗仿真模型抽象方法的研究。在总结体系对抗仿真实体层次建模和体系层次建模基本要素的基础上,对DEVS进行扩展,给出了面向体系对抗仿真的模型形式规范描述,包括实体模型形式描述、事件类型形式描述、体系模型形式描述以及实验模型形式描述。体系对抗仿真模型形式规范是对DEVS向体系层次描述的有益扩充,可以有效地指导体系对抗仿真的建模工作。     

分布式虚拟环境中虚拟人运动的表示

网络虚拟环境中虚拟人的运动表示与交通工具的运动表示具有完全不同的特点。对此 ,本文提出了一种运动表示法 ,以运动信息的形式表达人体所有关节的变化结果 ,并采用信息包的方式在网上传送 ,可以有效地降低维持虚拟人逼真运动所需要的最小信息传送数量     

间冷式电冰箱箱体的Z传递函数模型（Ⅰ）——数学方法

为了在间冷式冰箱动态仿真中较快地计算箱内空气温度变化,提出基于Z传递函数计算箱内空气温度的方法。首先采用状态空间方程描述三种边界条件下的单个箱壁动态传热过程,并通过Leverrier-Faddeeva算法求得三种边界条件下单个箱壁的Z传递函数;其次,由单个箱壁的Z传递函数计算得到整个箱室的Z传递函数;最后利用整个箱室的Z传递函数,可求得每一时刻的箱内空气温度的代数关系式。提出的计算方法可避免每个时刻对于箱体传热动态方程的求解,节省仿真时间。     

从协议Petri网到Estelle的转换

Petri网和Estelle是国际上流行的两种描述通信协议的形式技术.基本Petri网及其衍生变种具有图形的直观表示和数学的分析方法,在协议工程领域有着广泛的应用.而Estelle类似于程序语言,可对协议进行无二义的描述.本文针对现有Petri网系统的不足,从协议形式描述的角度出发,定义了一种抽象通信特性的协议Petri网,给出了由协议Petri网转换为Estelle形式的方法.基于此方法文章还构造了自动实现转换的算法,并给出了一个实例.     

考虑缺货和缺陷品的模糊生产库存模型的优化求解

提出了一种同时考虑缺货和缺陷品的生产库存模型,并利用模糊集理论进行优化求解.用梯形模糊数来描述各变量,并采用梯级平均综合表示法对目标函数进行解模糊.采用扩展拉格朗日法与反证法相结合的方法,解决了不等式约束下的目标函数的求解问题.Hessian矩阵的正定特性证明了目标函数在最佳生产量处存在最小的生产库存总成本.最后通过数据分析,研究了缺陷率和缺货对生产量和生产库存总成本的影响.     

Technical Note ：SINGLE-PERIOD TWO-PRODUCT INVENTORY MODEL WITH SUBSTITUTION： SOLUTION AND PROPERTIES

In this paper, we study a single-period two-product inventory model with stochastic demands and downward substitution. The optimal order quantities are presented and some properties are provided. Comparing with newsboy model, we prove that both the profit and the fill rate can be improved by using the substitution policy. This work was supported partly by NSFC/RGC Joint Research Program under grant 79910161987 and the National Science Foundation of China (79825102, 70231010, 70321001). Lianqiao CAI is lecturer of School of International Business, Beijing Foreign Studies University. He received his B.S. and M.S. from School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, in 1995 and 1998, and Ph.D of Management Science from Tsinghua University in 2002. His research areas include supply chain management, optimization techniques. Jian Chen is Professor and Chairman of the Management Science Department and co-director of the Research Center for Contemporary Management, Tsinghua University. He has over 80 papers published in some leading international journals and first class Chinese journals, and has been a principal investigator for over 20 grants or research contracts with National Science Foundation of China, governmental organizations, and companies. His main research interests include supply chain management, E-commerce, modeling and control for complex systems, decision support systems and information systems, and forecast and optimization techniques. He serves as associate editor of the “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part A” and “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part C”, and on the Editorial Board of “The International Journal of Electronic Business” and “System Research and Behavioral Science”. He is the recipient of the Outstanding Contribution Award of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society in 1996, and the Young Scientist Award of China in 1992. He was Secretary General of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics in Beijing, Co-chair of the IPC of 1998 International Conference on Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Chair of the First Asian eBiz Workshop in 2001, Co-chair of the Asian eBiz Workshop in 2002 and 2003, and Co-chair of the international conference on Global Supply Chain Management in 2002. Houmin Yan received his B.S. and M.S. from the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Management, University of Toronto in 1993. From Jan. 1994, he is with the Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong as an Assistance, Associate and Full Professor. He was a tenured Associate Professor at School of Management, the Univ. of Texas at Dallas. His main research areas are operations management, stochastic models, simulations, and supply chain management. He has published in journals such as Operations Research, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Journal of Optimization: Theory and Applications, IIE Transactions and IEEE Transactions. He consults several high-tech companies, such as Motorola, C&K Systems, and Oriental Power, on issues spanning from production planning and scheduling, supply chain management to business process re-engineering. He is a member of INFORMS.     

线上线下融合的新零售模式运营管理研究现状与展望

近年来,线上线下融合的新零售模式得到了飞速发展,加速了中国乃至世界零售业的新变革,极大地影响和改变了人们的生产和消费方式.这种新模式实现线上线下优势互补、催生新的商务模式.伴随着这一新零售模式的飞速发展和落地实践,它所呈现出的协同性、集成性、网络化、数字化和智能化等特征,给新零售企业的运作管理带来了前所未有的挑战,使其面临重重困难.本文将从价值共创的视角,对新零售模式运营管理的几个核心问题展开剖析,重点从线上线下融合相关的基于价值共创的新零售模式创新、多利益主体协同运作激励机制、消费者需求拉动下的全渠道产品动态定价、新零售模式的全渠道运营库存管理以及"最后一公里"物流即时-协同配送优化等方面对国内外的相关研究进行综述,并展望未来研究的发展趋势.     

Fundamentals of the analytic network process — multiple networks with benefits,costs, opportunities and risks

The general theory of the ANP enables one to deal with the benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (the BOCR merits) of a decision, by introducing the notion of negative priorities for C and R along with the rating (not comparison) of the top priority alternative synthesized for each of the four merits in terms of strategic criteria to enable one to combine the four B, O, C, and R values of each alternative into a single outcome. Strategic criteria are very basic criteria individuals and groups use to assess whether they should make any of the many decisions they face in their daily operations. They do not depend on any particular decision for their priorities but are assessed in terms of the goals and values of the individual or organization. Synthesis is made with two formulas, one multiplicative and one additive subtractive that can give rise to negative overall priorities. This paper summarizes and illustrates basic complex decisions involving several control criteria under each of the BOCR merits. Thomas L. Saaty holds the Chair of University Professor, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. Before that he was a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for ten years. Prior to that he spent seven years at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the State Department in Washington, DC, that carried out the arms reduction negotiations with the Soviets in Geneva. His current research interests include decision-making, planning, conflict resolution and synthesis in the brain. As a result of his search for an effective means to deal with weapons tradeoffs at the Disarmament Agency and, more generally, with decision-making and resource allocation, Professor Saaty developed The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). He is co-developer of the software Expert Choice and of the software Super Decisions for decisions with dependence and feedback. He has authored or co-authored twelve books on the AHP/ANP. Professor Saaty has also written a number of other books that embrace a variety of topics, including Modern Nonlinear Equations, Nonlinear Mathematics, Graph Theory, The Four Color Problem, Behavioral Mathematics, Queuing Theory, Optimization in Integers, Embracing the Future and The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How It Works. His most recent book is Creative Thinking, Problem Solving & Decision Making. The book is a rich collection of ideas, incorporating research by a growing body of researchers and practitioners, profiles of creative people, projects and products, theory, philosophy, physics and metaphysics...all explained with a liberal dose of humor. He has published more than 300 referred articles in a wide variety of professional journals. He has been on the editorial boards of Mathematical Reviews, Operations Research, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Applied Mathematics Letters, and several others. He also served as consultant to many corporations and government.     

SDG标准测试图及推理引擎论证

应用SDG技术对复杂系统进行安全分析推理，其引擎的性能测试至关重要。我们提出了采用系统标准的SDG测试图，对引擎进行测试。论述了测试所需的规模和指标，并针对应用领域特点，通过改变节点与支路规模、状态、关联关系、排列等因素，提出了一整套针对安全问题的SDG标准测试图。在此基础上，我们提出了极端与平均的性能测试方法。并运用SDG测试图对我们开发的SDG引擎进行完备性和运算能力的测试，效果达到实用水平。最后，我们对测试过程中暴露的问题，提出改进措施。     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

基于虚拟现实技术的地球太空环境仿真

描述了一种地球太空环境的仿真,采用几何计算构建地球形状模型,将地球划分为128块（经线方向16块和纬线方向8块）,计算得到每块区域顶点坐标,法向量,纹理坐标;使用MipMap技术根据视点与每块区域距离变化选择不同精度纹理粘贴;实时判断该区域的可见性,剔除不可见区域减少绘制开销;并采用cg和NormalMap技术将normal图与地球纹理图进行处理,实现地球表面的轮廓凹凸效果,同时添加云层纹理,得到了由地球纹理,云层纹理及NormalMap的多层混合纹理,达到比较逼真的效果;另外采用Billboard技术和纹理融合技术实现地球大气层光晕效果,使用了LensFlare技术实现太阳照射效果,最后采用skybox技术实现星空背景效果。

Abstract：

A simulation of earth and space environment was describedr.The whole earth was cut into 128 parts,16 in longitude,8 in latitude,and the position of vertices,normal vectors,texture coordinate were computed by geometry.Different resolutions of texture were chosen according to the distance from the eye to the area presented by the technique MipMap.The unvisible parts were eliminated by judging the parts’ visibility in realtime.Using the techniques of Cg,NormalMap and the mixture of the textures of the earth,the clouds and the multi-layered clouds,the relatively vivid result for representing the surface of the earth was achieved.Moreover,the technique of Billboard,Lensflare,SkyBox and texture blending were used to show the shine of atmosphere,sunshine,and the background of space.     

平台自营业务与第三方商家的劝说性广告竞争策略

针对综合型平台自营业务和第三方商家之间的销售竞争，考虑双方进行劝说性广告投放，构建了平台自营和第三方商家在不同市场地位情况下的博弈模型，分别给出了平台自营主导，第三方商家主导以及市场地位相同时的最优决策和均衡利润，并分析了横向差异化、纵向差异化和广告服务费系数对最优决策和均衡利润的影响。研究表明：横向差异化（消费者偏好强度）越大，在平台主导和第三方商家主导的两种情况下，平台价格和广告投放水平越高；第三方商家广告投放水平降低，价格先降低后增加；双方市场地位相同情况下，平台和第三方商家的均衡价格和广告投放水平相等，并且双方的价格随消费者偏好强度增加而增加，广告投放水平与消费者偏好强度无关。纵向差异化（平台相对于第三方商家的质量差异）越大，无论市场地位情况如何，平台（第三方商家）均衡价格和广告投放水平越高（越低）。广告服务费系数并不是越高越好，只有当第三方商家主导市场且广告服务费系数达到一定水平之后，此时广告服务费系数增加才能增加平台利润。     

PERSPECTIVES ON URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE IN CHINA FOR THE 21^ST C0ENTURY： SDMUWEIC MODEL

Based on system dynamics approach, SDMUWEIC model is developed in order to evaluatefuture dynamics of urban water infrastructure development in China. Firstly, this paper presents thebasic structure and characteristics of the model, focusing on water infrastructure‘s dynamicrelationships with population increase, economic development, water resources shortage and waterconservation practices. Secondly, model veracity and robustness tests based on behavior reproductionand uncertainty analyses are illustrated. Thirdly, based on the model, future pattems of China‘s urbanwater infrastructure investment requirements are simulated, and effectiveness of two different policyscenarios are evaluated. Finally, conclusion,; and policy implications are drawn, allowing insights intoChina‘s sustainable water infrastructure policies and managements.     

资源、环境与产业转型的复合生态管理

中国环境污染与生态破坏问题的症结在于管理问题 ,其实质是资源代谢在时间、空间尺度上的滞留或耗竭 ,系统耦合在结构、功能关系上的破碎和板结 ,社会行为在经济和生态管理上的冲突和失调 .生态管理科学旨在运用系统工程的手段和生态学原理去探讨这类复合生态系统的动力学机制和控制论方法 ,协调人与自然、经济与环境、局部与整体间在时间、空间、数量、结构、序理间的系统耦合关系 ,使资源得以高效利用 ,人与自然高度和谐 ,环境经济持续发展 .为解决国家、地区及部门重大生态环境问题提供决策支持、科学依据和管理方法 .复合生态系统管理的热点是生态资产、生态健康和生态服务功能管理 .应用生态管理学包括产业生态管理 ,城镇生态管理和区域生态管理 .综述了当前国内外区域生命支持系统管理和产业转型的生态管理方法 ,如生命周期分析、生态足迹分析等 .     

论科技一社会控制系统的建构

当今，科技的发展给人类的生活带来了极大的便利，但也给社会造成了一定的危害，为了遏止科技的一些负面效应，需要我们对科技进行社会控制，即构建一个行之有效的科技～社会控制系统。该系统由政策和法律控制、组织控制、市场控制和道德控制四个部分组成，这四个组成部分相对于整个系统来说是子系统，它们各有自己的特点、结构和功能，并且整个系统的运行还呈现出目的性、非线性和线性统一和可控性的原则。