均匀分散的纳米银/介孔氮化碳复合微粒的协同光催化性能研究

为了有效还原污染水中的硝基化合物和光解水制氢,采用浸渍法制备纳米银/介孔石墨相氮化碳(Ag/mpg-C_3N_4)复合微粒,继而通过简单吸附法制备Ag/5-OH-ZnTPP/mpg-C_3N_4复合微粒,利用BET,SEM,XRD和XPS等表征方法对所制备复合微粒的形貌、微观结构和组成进行测试,结果显示,介孔石墨相氮化碳(mpg-C_3N_4)呈多孔片层状,纳米银粒子(AgNPs)均匀分散于mpg-C_3N_4表面及片层间。通过UV-vis DRS,PL和PT等表征方法对Ag/5-OH-ZnTPP/mpg-C_3N_4复合微粒的光电性能进行测试,结果表明,AgNPs的引入和锌卟啉的表面敏化作用提高了mpg-C_3N_4基体对可见光的利用率。选用对硝基苯酚还原和光解水制氢为模型反应,经贵金属沉积改性及锌卟啉表面敏化改性后显著提高了mpg-C_3N_4基体的光催化活性。因此,Ag/5-OH-ZnTPP/mpg-C_3N_4复合微粒对4-NP的还原反应及光解水制氢具有高效催化活性。     

水核半径对微乳液制备磁性纳米Ni-Fe复合微粒的影响

研究了微乳液制备纳米Ni-Fe复合物微粒时水核半径R（＝[W]/[S]) 对微粒粒径的影响，结果表明，R值不同，得到了Ni-FeDan合物微粒不但粒径不同，产物的组成也有差异，当R＞24时，微粒粒径最大，且组成复杂，当R＜18时，微粒粒径变小，组成较单一，且可得到Ni-Fe合金相，各样品磁参数的测量表明，随Ni-Fe微粒粒径增加，矫顽力减少。     

磷酸钴纳米粒子的微波辐射制备法

介绍用微波辐射法对磷酸钴纳米粒子的制备方法和分离方法.并对磷酸钴纳米粒子进行了结构和组成的测试,讨论了影响粒子形成的主要因素.通过实验得到了平均粒径为50.64nm的球形微粒的磷酸钴纳米粒子.     

碳纳米管的合成与制备

金属纳米颗粒和碳纳米管是两种重要的纳米材料,要实现碳纳米管的大批量制备,必须首先解决催化剂连续投放问题和催化剂与产物及时导出的问题.通过特殊的反应装置和工艺可以实现碳纳米管的连续制备,从而达到低成本大批量制备碳纳米管的目的.本文采用一个简单的方法合成了铁钴(Fe/Co)纳米颗粒,并采用化学气相沉积法实现了碳纳米管的批量合成,纳米颗粒的尺寸分布均匀,碳纳米管管径均匀、高纯度、结构完美.合成的碳纳米管机械强度高,同时还有独特的金属或半导体导电性.     

2-硫代丁基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑Ag[I]修饰的钼硅酸盐纳米颗粒摩擦性能研究

以合成的2-硫代丁基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑为配体,在醇-水体系中制备了Keggin结构钼硅杂多阴离子有机衍生物的纳米颗粒,对其形貌、组成和结构进行了表征,并在机械式四球长时抗磨损试验机上考察了其摩擦学性能.分散型实验结果表明,化合物在有机溶剂中良好分散,红外光谱表明合成的纳米颗粒具有杂多酸Keggin骨架结构无机核,透射电镜分析表明颗粒平均粒径约为10 nm,热分析显示分解温度范围为200~300℃,在最佳添加浓度0.05%时,在负荷300 N,30 min、转速1450 r.min-1条件下,使磨斑直径减小27.9%,摩擦系数减小15.3%.     

Surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuecinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by using the surfactant during the synthesis process. The amount of the surfactant has an effect on the size, the dispersal, and the magnetic properties of the particles. Besides, the mechanisms of the influences were also discussed.     

高分散Fe3O4磁性液体的制备和表征

制备高分散稳定的磁性颗粒是研究磁性液体的磁性、流变性能以及其它物理性质的实验基础.用化学共沉淀法制备了高分散的Fe3O4煤油基磁性液体,通过X射线衍射、透射和扫描电镜等实验技术,对纳米Fe3O4 颗粒的形态和结构进行了表征,并用Bayesian统计理论计算了颗粒的尺寸分布,静态磁场下磁性液体显示了良好的超顺磁性和胶体系统的稳定性.     

Preparation and optical properties of composite thin films with embedded InP nanoparticles

InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering. We analyzed the structure and growth behavior of the composite films under different preparation conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that InP nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The average size of InP nanoparticles is in the range of 3–10 nm. The broadening and red shift of the Raman peaks were observed, which can be interpreted by the phonon confinement model. Optical transmission spectra indicate that the optical absorption edges of the films can be modulated in the visible light range. The marked blue shift of the absorption edge with respect to that of bulk InP is explained by the quantum confinement effect. The theoretical values of the blue shift predicted by the effective mass approximation model are different from the experimental results for the InP-SiO₂ system. Analyses indicate that the exciton effective mass of the InP nanoparticles is not constant and is inverse relative to the particles radius, which may be the main reason that results in the discrepancy between the theoretical and the experimental result. We discussed the possible transition of the direct band gap to the indirect band gap for InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films.     

Synthesis and size control of gold nanoparticles in regular system of amphiphilic molecules

Two synthetic techniques for colloidal gold particles was improved by using SDS. And colloidal Au particles of mean diameters between 5 and 14 nm are synthesized, that exhibit improved monodispersity relative to previously published methods. According to the particular molecular structure of surfactants and different electrons distribution arising from colloidal small sizes and high surface/ volume ratios, it is found that there are a complex between SDS and Au³⁺ (and Au atoms ) during synthesizing colloidal gold nanoparticles and as a stablizer for Au particles, SDS can prevent their further growth. So the colloidal gold particles is monodispersize and more steady. But other surfactants don't affect the process of synthesizing gold nanoparticles because of their structures and properties different from SDS. Gold nanoparticles have considerable bioaffinity and can be applied to study the adsorption of proteins or polypeptides.     

纳米润滑粒子的制备技术与应用现状

纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂能够表现出极好的摩擦学性能，在润滑油中具有良好的分散稳定性和润滑性能，具有更低的摩擦系数，更好的抗磨性能，适合在高载荷、长时间工作状况下使用，在摩擦学领域起到重要作用。介绍了纳米润滑粒子的制备和应用现状，概括了纳米润滑粒子的摩擦学性能和机理，并提出了需要进一步研究的方向。     

添加纳米粒子对脂肪酶交联酶聚集体活性及结构的影响

将纳米TiO2、纳米MgO和纳米Cu分别引入假丝酵母脂肪酶（Candida sp. 1619）的交联酶聚集体（CLEAs）制备过程，获得相应的纳米粒子-CLEAs，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪(SLP)等分析了纳米粒子对CLEAs活性和结构的影响。结果表明与未加纳米粒子的CLEAs相比，适量纳米TiO2的加入可提高CLEAs的酶活，最大增加15.2%；而不管添加浓度大小，纳米MgO、纳米Cu对CLEAs酶活均有抑制作用，酶活下降63.7%~97.9%。SEM、SLP分析结果表明，与未添加纳米粒子时相比，加入纳米TiO2的CLEAs粒径变小，粒度较均匀，孔道增加；而纳米MgO-CLEAs和纳米Cu-CLEAs则出现粒度不均匀性增加、粒径范围扩大、孔道减少的现象。FTIR分析结果表明，加入3种纳米粒子后CLEAs二级结构中有序结构（α-螺旋、β-折叠）/无序结构（β-转角、无规则卷曲）值显著提高，顺序为纳米TiO2-CLEAs（0.55）>纳米MgO-CLEAs（0.43）>纳米Cu-CLEAs（0.35）>CLEAs（0.28），这与纳米粒子-CLEAs酶活顺序不一致，表明纳米粒子可能还存在其他影响CLEAs酶活的途径。     

Formation of highly crystalline maghemite nanoparticles from ferrihydrite in the liquid phase

Fe₅O₇(OH)·4H₂O ferrihydrite is a low-crystallinity antiferromagnetic material. γ-Fe₂O₃ (maghemite) magnetic nanoparticles were prepared from a ferrihydrite precursor, by chemically induced transformation in FeCl₂/NaOH solution. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of the products were determined by vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ferrihydrite underwent aggregation growth and transformed into α-FeO(OH) (goethite) particles, which subsequently transformed into γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, that became coated with NaCl. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles had a flake-like morphology, when prepared from 0.01 mol/L FeCl₂ and a FeCl₂:NaOH molar ratio of 0.4. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles were more spherical, when prepared from a FeCl₂:NaOH molar ratio of 0.6. The Fe content of the flake-like particles was lower than that of the spherical particles. Their magnetizations were similar, and the coercivity of the flake-like particles was larger. The differences in morphology and magnetization were attributed to the surface effect, and the difference in coercivity to the shape effect.     

The experiment of nanoparticles spontaneously agglomerating by difusion-limited aggregation on the 2D surface

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基于嵌段共聚物自组装制备Janus纳米粒子的研究进展

 Janus 粒子的两面具有不同的组成或性质,在乳液稳定、药物载体、界面催化及超结构的构筑等方面有着重要应用价值。尤其是基于嵌段共聚物的Janus 纳米粒子,其两面的聚合物链通过共价键相连,结构非常稳定。由于其纳米尺度和柔性及对溶剂、温度、pH 值等外部刺激具有响应性,嵌段共聚物Janus 纳米粒子备受关注。实现嵌段共聚物Janus 纳米粒子形貌和结构可控、组成多样化及批量化制备是该研究的重点和难点。本文综述嵌段共聚物自组装制备Janus 纳米粒子的方法,比较了不同方法的特点及适用范围。     

基于纳米复合材料的太赫兹滤波器研究

为了克服高阻硅片过低的太赫兹透过率和激光阈值,通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS)工艺制备了一种新型纳米复合材料,可以作为透过太赫兹波、隔离飞秒激光的高效太赫兹滤波器件.器件整体设计原理主要基于瑞利散射,粒径100nm左右的纳米颗粒可以选择性地使太赫兹波高效透过,透过率最多达90%,远超高阻硅片50%的透过率,并且可以散射掉大部分波长为800nm的高能激光.器件由太赫兹频段吸收率很低的金刚石纳米颗粒和真空球磨得到的高阻硅颗粒组成,金刚石的高熔点提高了激光阈值,疏松多孔的结构进一步减少了太赫兹波段菲涅尔反射损失,器件整体性能优异.     

纳米二氧化硅补强硅橡胶的结构及性能

气相法制备的纳米二氧化硅是补强高温硫化硅橡胶的最好填料。研究了纳米二氧化硅的结构及分散性对硅橡胶结构及性能的影响。结果表明：分散成100～200nm尺度的二氧化硅聚集体对硅橡胶具有良好的补强作用。未经表面改性的纳米二氧化硅,m（SiO2）：m（生胶）=0．35～0．40时对硅橡胶的补强作用效果最佳。硅橡胶中加入纳米二氧化硅粉体,形成了以二氧化硅为晶核的微晶区,增加了物理交联点,更易发生结晶。     

铁纳米颗粒的脉冲激光气相蒸发-液相合成研究

采用激光气相蒸发-液相收集新方法合成纳米Fe颗粒,主要利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和振动样品磁强计等分析方法对纳米颗粒的形貌、大小、磁性及合成机理进行了分析.结果表明:以45#钢为靶材、20%乙二醇+80%乙醇为液相收集体系和N2为载气,在激光能量密度为42 J/mm2、脉宽3 ms、频率10 Hz和N2流量为0.5 L/min的条件下,成功制备出了Fe纳米颗粒;颗粒呈球形且呈链状连接趋势,主要粒径在20~30nm之间;纳米铁颗粒矫顽力为523 Oe,饱和磁化强度为45 emu/g;脉冲激光诱导45#钢靶材产生含Fe成分的等离子体,在气相中均匀成核,并发生一定程度的长大,然后在载气N2的带动下进入液...     

Self-assembly of nanoparticles into structured spherical and network aggregates

Multi-scale ordering of materials is central for the application of molecular systems in macroscopic devices. Self-assembly based on selective control of non-covalent interactions provides a powerful tool for the creation of structured systems at a molecular level, and application of this methodology to macromolecular systems provides a means for extending such structures to macroscopic length scale. Monolayer-functionalized nanoparticles can be made with a wide variety of metallic and non-metallic cores, providing a versatile building block for such approaches. Here we present a polymer-mediated 'bricks and mortar' strategy for the ordering of nanoparticles into structured assemblies. This methodology allows monolayer-protected gold particles to self-assemble into structured aggregates while thermally controlling their size and morphology. Using 2-nm gold particles as building blocks, we show that spherical aggregates of size 97 +/- 17 nm can be produced at 23 degrees C, and that 0.5-1 microm spherical assemblies with (5-40) x 10(5) individual subunits form at -20 degrees C. Intriguingly, extended networks of approximately 50-nm subunits are formed at 10 degrees C, illustrating the potential of our approach for the formation of diverse structural motifs such as wires and rods. These findings demonstrate that the assembly process provides control over the resulting aggregates, while the modularity of the 'bricks and mortar' approach allows combinatorial control over the constituents, providing a versatile route to new materials systems.     

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface

Colloidal nanocrystals are solution-grown, nanometre-sized, inorganic particles that are stabilized by a layer of surfactants attached to their surface. The inorganic cores possess useful properties that are controlled by their composition, size and shape, and the surfactant coating ensures that these structures are easy to fabricate and process further into more complex structures. This combination of features makes colloidal nanocrystals attractive and promising building blocks for advanced materials and devices. Chemists are achieving ever more exquisite control over the composition, size, shape, crystal structure and surface properties of nanocrystals, thus setting the stage for fully exploiting the potential of these remarkable materials.     

Viscosity and aggregation structure of nanocolloidal dispersions

In this work,the effects of nanoparticle size,particle volume fraction and pH on the viscosity of silicon dioxide nanocolloidal dispersions are investigated.Both size and pH are found to significantly affect nanocolloid viscosity.Two models are used to study the effect of aggregate structure on the viscosity of the nanocolloidal dispersion.The fractal concept is introduced to describe the irregular and dynamic aggregate structure.The structure of aggregates,which is considered to play an important role in viscosity,is affected by both intermolecular and electrostatic forces.The particle interaction is primarily affected by particle distance and becomes stronger with decreasing particle size and increasing volume fraction.The aggregate structure is also affected by the pH of the solution.Studying the relationship between pH and zeta-potential shows that with the neutralization of charges on the particle surface and decreasing electrical repulsion force,the particle interaction becomes dominated by attractive forces and the aggregates form a more compact structure.