盐胁迫下三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系叶片蛋白质差异表达分析

【目的】探究三倍体小黑杨生长迅速原因。通过蛋白质差异表达分析,深入研究三倍体小黑杨生长发育机理,为其优质高产育种提供参考。【方法】以三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系为材料,分别用75 mmol/L NaCl溶液胁迫处理0、4、8、12和16 d,利用蛋白质双向电泳和MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱技术,探讨其不同处理条件下叶片差异表达蛋白。【结果】共检测到4 000多个蛋白点,包含96个差异蛋白点,其中盐胁迫4、8、12、16 d与对照相比,分别鉴定出5、21、36、34个差异蛋白点,对60个蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,这些蛋白按功能可分为8类:其中光合作用占25%、能量代谢占20%、氧化还原作用占12%、抗性蛋白占8%、生物合成和代谢占7%、运输蛋白占3%、信号转导占2%和未知蛋白占23%。【结论】三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系受到盐胁迫后,多种蛋白质共同参与应答,其中主要是光合作用和能量代谢相关蛋白,本研究可以为盐胁迫下林木蛋白质组学研究提供基础。     

不同木质底物诱导下桦剥管菌细胞内差异蛋白质分析

【目的】研究桦剥管菌在不同木质底物诱导下细胞内蛋白的差异表达情况,探讨桦剥管菌降解木材机理。【方法】以白桦、云杉木屑为诱导底物,利用蛋白质组双向电泳技术(2-DE)结合质谱技术(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS),检测桦剥管菌在不同树种木屑诱导下与对照组(未加木屑)相比菌体胞内蛋白质变化情况,对差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析。【结果】在白桦和云杉木屑诱导下,桦剥管菌细胞内蛋白表达发生了明显变化,处理组(添加木屑)共检测到32个细胞内差异表达蛋白点,经质谱检测及数据库检索,成功鉴定17个差异蛋白点,这些蛋白具有转移酶、水解酶、蛋白结合、细胞信号转导等分子功能,涉及分解代谢、有机物质代谢、氮化合物代谢、初级代谢、细胞生物合成和刺激响应过程。【结论】桦剥管菌降解木材是多种蛋白质共同作用的结果,通过调节多种代谢过程中的相关蛋白表达来发挥作用。     

水稻幼苗叶片应答稻瘟病侵染的差异蛋白谱分析

为了探讨水稻感病基因型种质响应稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质表达谱的变化规律和作用途径,以水稻感稻瘟病种质日本晴为材料,采用接种稻瘟病菌分生抱子悬浮液,24,48和72 h后提取叶片蛋白质,采用i TRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片蛋白质组的变化.结果表明,稻瘟病侵染诱导了水稻幼苗叶片内涉及氧化还原平衡、防御、信号传导、糖和能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、光合作用,以及蛋白质代谢等代谢途径相关的53个蛋白质的表达量发生了改变.GO分析表明稻瘟病主要调控了植株体内细胞内平衡、代谢过程和蛋白质代谢等生物学过程.稻瘟病侵染激活了活性氧代谢、防御,以及热休克蛋白等相关的途径,而抑制了蛋白质生物合成过程.结合这些差异表达蛋白的丰度变化结合它们可能的功能,描绘了水稻应答稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质代谢网络,有助于在蛋白质水平上了解其应答过程.     

利用大麦寡核苷酸芯片进行小麦苗期叶片热胁迫基因表达谱分析

植物感受热胁迫时基因表达发生变化，而这些差异表达的基因对植物耐热性起着至关重要的作用.为揭示小麦热胁迫响应的分子机理，以38℃热胁迫的小麦幼苗为处理组(HS)，同期未经处理的小麦幼苗为对照组(CK)，分别提取叶片RNA与Affymetrix Barley1基因芯片杂交.杂交结果显示，在总共22840个探针中，对照组(CK)和热胁迫组(HS)共检测到8486个阳性探针，占总探针数的37.15%.利用半定量RT-PCR技术对11个差异表达基因的表达模式进行验证，发现10个基因与芯片的表达类型完全一致. 利用Gene Ontology的GO information对差异表达的基因进行了分类，表明差异表达的基因涉及逆境胁迫、信号转导、物质运输、光合作用、蛋白代谢、脂肪代谢、碳水化合物代谢等多个方面.其中有大量热激蛋白和分子伴侣相关基因上调表达.上调表达的热激蛋白包含热激蛋白各个家族，且上调表达的平均倍数明显高于其他基因的上调倍数.另外泛素—蛋白酶体通路中的多个关键酶的基因也发生了差异表达，预示着负责蛋白质选择性降解的泛素—蛋白酶体通路也参与了植物对热胁迫的应答机制.     

Th2CysPrx基因提高酿酒酵母多种胁迫耐受性研究

【目的】过氧化还原蛋白是生物体调节体内氧化还原系统的一种重要蛋白质,在植物生长代谢中起重要作用。前期研究发现过表达刚毛柽柳Th2CysPrx基因的烟草和柽柳中4种抗氧化酶基因(ThGSTZ1、ThGPX、ThSOD和ThPOD)的表达水平上调, 转基因植株的NaCl胁迫耐受性提高。本实验探究Th2CysPrx基因除了响应NaCl胁迫应答,是否还参与其他盐胁迫和其他胁迫的应答。 【方法】将Th2CysPrx构建到pYES2酵母表达载体上,转化到酿酒酵母INVSC1细胞中,分析比较重组酵母(pYES2-Th2CysPrx)和对照酵母(pYES2)细胞在各种非生物胁迫后的生长情况。【结果】过表达Th2CysPrx基因的重组酵母细胞在低温、KCl和LiCl胁迫后存活率与对照相比差异不显著;但H₂O₂、NaCl或NaHCO₃胁迫后酵母细胞的存活率显著提高。此外,高于0.5 mol/L山梨醇或高温(达到44 ℃),或低于质量分数0.007% CdCl₂胁迫后,过表达Th2CysPrx基因能显著提高重组酵母的细胞存活率。【结论】Th2CysPrx基因可以显著增强酵母细胞对NaCl和NaHCO₃胁迫的耐受能力,以及特定的渗透胁迫、高温胁迫、氧化胁迫和重金属胁迫的耐受能力,但对低温、KCl和LiCl胁迫耐受能力无明显影响。     

水稻叶片低温应答蛋白质组学研究进展

近年来,人们利用高通量蛋白质组学技术分析了水稻(Oryza sativa L.)叶片低温应答过程中蛋白质组的动态变化特征,在水稻叶片中鉴定到了504种低温响应蛋白质.系统分析了这些蛋白质的丰度变化模式,综述了水稻叶片应对不同程度低温胁迫(5~15℃处理0~8 d)过程中参与光合作用、糖类与能量代谢、胁迫与防御、转录与蛋白质代谢、信号转导,以及膜与转运等过程中的蛋白质丰度变化特征,为全面理解水稻低温应答的分子网络调控机制提供了线索.     

NaCl处理下全缘冬青和红果冬青根系的转录组活性比较

【目的】研究全缘冬青(Ilex integra)和红果冬青(I. purpurea)的根系在NaCl胁迫处理中的转录组活性差异,为进一步研究二者耐盐性差异的生理学机理奠定基础。【方法】以内含250 mmol/L NaCl的1/2浓度霍格兰德溶液对全缘冬青和红果冬青的两年生扦插苗进行盐胁迫处理,采集经0(盐处理前)、6和72 h盐处理的根系样品,提取总RNA,进行转录组测序,组装转录本,筛选差异表达基因,分析两种冬青根系中的功能富集通路和特定代谢途径的基因表达变化。【结果】全缘冬青根系盐处理6 h的差异表达基因数量为2 616,盐处理72 h为1 802;而红果冬青根系盐处理6 h的差异表达基因数量为1 831,盐处理72 h为3 490。全缘冬青盐处理6和72 h根系中共同的KEGG富集途径为植物激素信号转导、亚油酸代谢、类胡萝卜素生物合成和甜菜红素生物合成,红果冬青根系6和72 h盐处理共同的KEGG富集途径为植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷生物合成和类胡萝卜素生物合成。甜菜红素生物合成和亚油酸/花生四烯酸代谢为盐胁迫处理全缘冬青根系中特有的富集代谢通路。全缘冬青中受盐胁迫正调控的过氧化氢酶基因数多于红果冬青的,并且在盐处理下其表达水平远高于红果冬青的。【结论】全缘冬青根系较强的耐盐性可能与植物激素信号转导、类胡萝卜素生物合成、甜菜红素生物合成和脂肪酸脂类代谢等生理过程相关联;盐处理下过氧化氢酶基因的高效表达也可能是全缘冬青根系具较强耐盐性的因素之一。     

短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶差异表达蛋白质的功能分析

【目的】基于蛋白质水平探讨短日照处理调控油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)容器苗基础代谢和抗逆性机理的研究,完善油松容器苗的育苗和造林技术,为短日照处理育苗技术在我国北方地区困难立地造林中推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以经日照长度为10 h、持续3 周短日照处理的油松容器苗针叶为研究对象,采用改良的酚法提取针叶蛋白。应用双向电泳结合二级质谱分析的蛋白质组学技术,研究短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶蛋白质表达的变化,分析差异表达蛋白质的鉴定和功能。【结果】成功获取5个短日照处理诱导表达差异显著的蛋白质,上调表达的是叶绿体放氧增强蛋白1(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, OEE1)(蛋白点404)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)(蛋白点539)、延伸因子-Tu(elongation factor-Tu, EF-Tu)(蛋白点654)、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶活化酶(ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, RCA)(蛋白点681); 下调表达的是磷酸甘油酸激酶1(phosphoglycerate kinase 1, PGK1)(蛋白点641)。这些蛋白质的功能主要涉及光合代谢、糖代谢和胁迫防御。【结论】短日照处理诱导油松容器苗蛋白质差异表达,对油松容器苗的基础代谢和抗逆性产生重要影响。     

白桦BpTCP7基因启动子的克隆及表达分析

【目的】研究BpTCP7启动子的表达模式,为深入分析BpTCP7基因功能提供一定参考。【方法】克隆了BpTCP7基因上游1 791 bp启动子序列,通过PLACE和Plant CARE网址对顺式作用元件进行分析,然后转入拟南芥,并分析BpTCP7启动子的组织表达特性及盐、旱胁迫应答反应。【结果】BpTCP7启动子序列中含有与细胞周期、开花、叶片发育、激素及胁迫响应等相关的顺式作用元件。该启动子在拟南芥中的表达模式呈现为营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段均有表达,且在叶片中表达明显,与此同时,BpTCP7启动子在幼嫩、成熟叶片的边缘均有表达。与对照相比,NaCl、PEG胁迫诱导处理后BpTCP7基因表达量有升高的现象。【结论】BpTCP7基因参与白桦的叶片发育、激素应答、胁迫响应(盐、干旱)等生物学过程,对营养、生殖生长阶段各组织器官的发育也有一定的调控作用。     

4个北美冬青品种苗对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性比较

【目的】探究不同品种北美冬青的抗寒性,为北美冬青新品种苗木的推广和研究提供参考。 【方法】以4个引进的北美冬青(Ilex verticillata)品种‘Red Sprite’、‘Gray’、‘Oosterwijk’和‘Winter Gold’2年生扦插苗枝条为试验材料,通过0、-7、-17、-27 ℃低温逐级降温分别处理24 h,研究4个品种北美冬青对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性差异。【结果】4个品种的相对电导率和MDA(丙二醛)含量均随着温度的降低而增加,都在-27 ℃时达到最高。‘Red Sprite’、‘Gray’、‘Oosterwijk’和‘Winter Gold’的低温半致死温度(LT50)分别为-26.38、-24.26、-29.19和-20.04 ℃。随着处理温度的降低,渗透调节物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸含量在处理温度>-17 ℃时都出现增加(‘Winter Gold’的可溶性糖含量最高点在-27 ℃),但各品种各指标峰值出现的温度点不同。H₂O₂含量与SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)酶活性同时在-17 ℃时达到最高,而CAT(过氧化氢酶) 酶活性在-27 ℃时急剧增加,说明3种酶对活性氧的清除存在温度效应。【结论】4个品种中‘Oosterwijk’与‘Gray’的抗寒性在整体水平上强于其他2个品种,通过隶属函数和权重综合分析,得出4个北美冬青品种的抗寒能力由强到弱依次为:‘Oosterwijk’、‘Gray’、‘Red Sprite’、‘Winter Gold’。     

Proteomic analysis of long-term salinity stress-responsive proteins in Thellungiella halophila leaves

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors that may impair crop productivity. A proteomic study based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is performed in order to analyze the long-term salinity stress response of Thellungiella halophila, an Arabidopsis-related halophyte. Four-week-old seedlings are exposed to long-term salinity treatment. The total crude proteins are extracted from leaf blades, separated by 2-DE, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and differentially displayed spots are identified by MALDI-TOF MS or QTOF MS/MS. Among 900 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 30 spots exhibit significant change and some of them are identified. The identified proteins include not only some previously characterized stress-responsive proteins such as TIR-NBS-LRR class disease resistance protein, ferritin-1, and pathogenesis-related protein 5, but also some proteins related to energy pathway, metabolism, RNA processing and protein degradation, as well as proteins with unknown functions. The possible functions of these proteins in salinity tolerance of T. halophila are discussed and it is suggested that the long-term salinity tolerance of T. halophila is achieved, at least partly, by enhancing defense system, adjusting energy and metabolic pathway and maintaining RNA structure.     

橡胶树胶乳橡胶粒子死皮相关蛋白的鉴定及分析

橡胶树死皮是影响天然橡胶产量的重要因子之一。采用双向凝胶电泳对健康树和死皮树橡胶粒子中差异表达的蛋白进行分离,分析获得35个差异表达的蛋白点,通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)分析及搜索Uniprot rubber数据库后,有13个蛋白点被成功鉴定,其中橡胶延长因子(rubber elongation factor,REF)、法尼基焦磷酸合成酶(Ffarnesyl-diphosphate synthase,FPS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)、翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(translationally controlled tumor protein,TCTP)、热激蛋白(heat shock protein, HSP)等主要蛋白参与了橡胶的生物合成、活性氧代谢及细胞凋亡过程。说明橡胶的生物合成、活性氧代谢及细胞凋亡途径可能是橡胶树死皮发生的关键调控途径。     

Comparative proteomic analysis of the response in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines to infection by Curvularia lunata

Proteins differentially expressed from maize leaves in response to the infection by Curvularia lunata strain CX-3 were identified through a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method. Two inbred lines, 78599-1 and E28, were used, respectively, as resistant and susceptible lines to CX-3 infection. Proteins were extracted from the fourth leaves of six- or seven-leaf stage plants sampled at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after inoculation with CX-3. Twenty-seven differentially expressed protein spots resolved on the 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. The results showed that these proteins are associated with photosynthesis, respiration,oxidative and drought stress tolerance as well as signal transduction in maize. Among stress-related proteins, the 22 kDa drought-inducible protein, putative glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) were up-regulated in the resistant inbred line and were implicated in host defense response to C. lunata infection. It suggests that drought-inducible and oxidation stress-related proteins might directly contribute to maize resistance to C. lunata.     

Proteomic analysis of long-term salinity stress-responsive proteins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thellungiella halophila</Emphasis> leaves

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors that may impair crop productivity. A proteomic study based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is performed in order to analyze the long-term salinity stress response of Thellungiella halophila, an Arabidopsis-related halophyte. Four-week-old seedlings are exposed to long-term salinity treatment. The total crude proteins are extracted from leaf blades, separated by 2-DE, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and differentially displayed spots are identified by MALDI-TOF MS or QTOF MS/MS. Among 900 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 30 spots exhibit significant change and some of them are identified. The identified proteins include not only some previously characterized stress-responsive proteins such as TIR-NBS-LRR class disease resistance protein, ferritin-1, and pathogenesis-related protein 5, but also some proteins related to energy pathway, metabolism, RNA processing and protein degradation, as well as proteins with unknown functions. The possible functions of these proteins in salinity tolerance of T. halophila are discussed and it is suggested that the long-term salinity tolerance of T. halophila is achieved, at least partly, by enhancing defense system, adjusting energy and metabolic pathway and maintaining RNA structure.     

适于双向电泳分析的银杏叶绿体蛋白质提取方法

【目的】获得银杏叶绿体蛋白质的提取方法,在蛋白质水平探讨银杏光合作用对环境的响应机制。【方法】建立一种适合银杏叶绿体蛋白双向电泳分离的实验体系,采用Tris-平衡酚抽提法对银杏叶绿体蛋白质进行提取,并与三氯乙酸(TCA)-丙酮沉降法进行对比分析。【结果】Percoll密度梯度离心法适用于银杏叶绿体的提取,提取的叶绿体平均完整率在85%左右。单向电泳结果显示,与TCA-丙酮沉降法相比,在用Tris-平衡酚抽提法分离的叶绿体蛋白质泳道中,低分子质量蛋白质条带更多、更清晰。进一步的双向电泳结果表明,用Tris-平衡酚抽提法对银杏叶绿体蛋白质进行提取,蛋白质产量更高,图谱清晰,所分离的蛋白点更多,形态更好,条纹影响相对较小。【结论】Tris-平衡酚抽提法可有效地提取高质量的叶绿体蛋白质并进行双向电泳,可用于银杏叶绿体的蛋白质组学分析。     

巴西橡胶树树皮蛋白质组学分析体系的构建

巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是一种重要的产胶植物,其体内合成和贮存胶乳的地方是乳管系统,而乳管主要分布于树皮中。以10年生巴西橡胶树无性系“热研88-13”为研究对象,采用改进的三氯乙酸(TCA) 丙酮沉淀法提取树皮蛋白,使用17 cm,pH 4~7的IPG胶条进行双向电泳,得到良好的蛋白图谱。PDQuest软件(Bio rad)分析银染后的凝胶,共得到约350个蛋白点。从这些蛋白点中随机选取10个蛋白点经基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI TOF MS)分析后,搜索NCBInr数据库对蛋白进行鉴定。结果显示,这些蛋白主要包括两种来源于巴西橡胶树中的重要蛋白,即橡胶小粒子蛋白(Small rubber particle protein)和橡胶树凝集因子(hevein),此外还有一些其他功能和未知功能的蛋白。     

烟草烟碱转化相关蛋白质筛选分析研究

为了研究烟草中烟碱转化机理,应用比较蛋白组学方法研究了高烟碱烟草中烟碱转化相关蛋白质表达情况.采用双向电泳联用质谱技术比较了实验组高烟碱转化烟草叶片和对照组野生型烟草叶片的蛋白质差异,获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱.选取了34个差异蛋白质点,采用MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS进行肽质谱指纹图分析,最终有12个蛋白质点得到了可靠鉴定,其中在实验组中相对下调的蛋白有7个,相对上调的蛋白有5个.通过比对蛋白质组库数据,发现这些差异表达的蛋白质主要是参与碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢等功能,而且亚细胞定位主要是在叶绿体和线粒体,表明这些蛋白表达水平与烟碱转化具有密切关系,为研究高烟碱转化率烟叶的形成机理提供了新的依据.     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.