Effects of nitrogen ion implantation on Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential of pollen cell

The effects of low energy nitrogen ion implantation on Ca²⁺ concentration and membrane potential of lily (lilium davidii Duch) pollen cell have been studied. The results showed that the Ca²⁺ concentration was increased when pollen grain was implanted by nitrogen ion with energy 100 keV and dose 10¹³ ions/cm². However, the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration was partly inhibited by the addition of Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor depending on dose. And nitrogen ion implantation caused depolarization of pollen cell membrane potential. In other words, membrane potential was increased, but the effect decreased by adding Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor. However, it was still significantly higher than the membrane potential of control cells. It was indicated that the depolarization of cell membrane potential opened the calcium channel on the membrane that caused the increasing of intracellular calcium concentration. This might be an earlier step of the effect of low energy nitrogen ion implantation on pollen germination.     

Actin and myosin during pollen germination

Actin and myosin from pollen tubes of Lilium davidii were studied by using immunoblotting, Dot_Blot and myosin Ca 2+_ATPase analysis. On immunoblotting of the total soluble pollen tube proteins, anti_α_actin antibody labelled a polypeptide approximately 43 ku, which is considered to be the actin of lily. The mRNA encoding actin in ungerminated pollen and germinated pollen were both undetectable in our experiments. A myosin exhibited Ca 2+_ATPase activity, with a native molecular weight of 460 ku has been identified by using immunoblotting. A polypeptide of about 205 ku and a polypeptide of about 20 ku were the heavy chain and a set of light chain of the myosin, which can crossreact with anti_skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibody and anti_skeletal muscle myosin light chain (20 ku) monoclonal antibody, respectively. The Ca 2+_ATPase activities of myosin in crude extracts of germinated pollen were positively related to the growth rates of pollen tubes.     

Dynamic organization of actin cytoskeleton during the polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplasts

The formation of the polarity of pollen protoplast and the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton were observed by non-fixation, Alexa-Phalloidin probing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results showed that the protoplast obtained from stored pollen contained numerous crystalline fusiform bodies to constitute a storage form of actin. When dormant pollen was hydrated, the actin cytoskeleton forms a fine network spreading uniformly in the protoplast. In the process of polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, actin filaments marshaled slowly to the brim, and then formed multilayer continuous actin filament bundles surrounding the cortical of the protoplast. When the protoplast was exposed to actin filament-disrupting drugs, such as Latrunculin A and Cytochalasin D, continuously arranged actin bundles were disturbed and in this condition, the protoplast could not germinate. But when exposed to actin filament stabiling drug-phalliodin, the dynamics of actin filaments in the protoplasts behaved normally and the protoplasts could germinate normally. These results were also confirmed by the pharmacology experiments on pollen grains. And when Latrunculin A or Cytochalasin D was washed off, the ratio of pollen germination was resumed partly. All the results above show that the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton are critical in the cell polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, and that the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is mainly due to the rearrangement of actin filament arrays.     

Transferring gfp gene with ion implantation and transient expression of gfp in liliaceous pollen cells

Liliaceous pollen cells were implanted by 4.0 MeV C2+ ion beam or by 25.0 keV N+ ion beam. Laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) of the implanted intact samples showed that parts of the implanted pollen cells could be stained by propidium iodide (PI). This indicated that energetic ion beam could directly act on cells beneath the pollen coats and made channels for entry of the molecules from outside of the cells. LCSM analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that energetic ion beam could mediate transient expression of gfp in treated pollen cells. Compared with 25.0 keV N+ ion beam, implantation of 4.0 MeV C2+ ion beam greatly improved gene transfer efficiency in pollen cells.     

Effects of extracellular calmodulin on pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of calmoddin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose, anti-CaM serum and exogenous purified CaM on pollen germination and tube growth ofForsythia suspensu were studied. The pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by CaM antagonist W7-agarose. The addition of exogenous purified CaM stimulated pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous purified CaM. The tube growth of germinated pollen was also inhibited or completely stopped by W7-agarose. The results suggest that endogenous extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes.     

离子注入法对链球菌代谢产物透明质酸的影响分析

选用一株ATCC 700400马链球菌亚种,通过离子注入法对链球菌代谢产物透明质酸的影响来找寻透明质酸低耗高产的可能和路径。注入离子选用N+,注入能量分别为15 ke V和20 ke V,范围是0(对照)、(20×1014~100×1014N+/cm2(不同氮离子注入参数以对比)。透明质酸测定选用CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)比浊法,通过对比来筛选HA高产型链球菌。结果表明,在注入能量为20 ke V,剂量为20×1014N+/cm2时,产出透明质酸浓度明显高于其他菌株,诱变效果最好,为今后进一步诱变筛选及发酵条件优化奠定了良好的基础。     

离子注入对玻璃材料的改性

简要地评述了离子注入对玻璃风化、化学稳定性、晶化和非线性光学性质的影响。指出采用离子注入法，在不影响磷酸盐玻璃重要性质的前提下，提高其化学稳定性；锂硅酸盐玻璃在注入Ｎｄ＾＋后，可提高玻璃的耐水性。强调指出离子注入在玻璃改性上有着广泛的应用前景。     

Identification and function analysis of spectrin-like protein in pollen tubes of lily （Lilium davidii Duch）

The elongation of pollen tube is an important process of sexual reproduction in higher plant. Cytoskeleton plays a major regulatory role in the elongation of pollen tubes. But whether membrane skeleton is involved in the pollen tube elongation is not clear. In this study, immunochemical detection of spectrin-like protein has been carried out in pollen tubes. By use of 2-dimensional electrophoresis(2DE) and western blotting, two spectrin-like proteins are found, one is 150 kD, and the other is 105 kD, with pl being 4.54 and 4.39, respectively. 150 kD spectrin-like protein is located in plasma membrane of pollen tube and 105 kD spectrin-like protein is located in cytoplasm, probably functioning as a subunit to form a dimmer (210 kD) in vivo. The elongation of pollen tubes is inhibited after spectrin antibody was injected into a growing pollen tube. These results suggest that spectrin-like proteins exist in pollen tube and play an important regulating role in the elongation process of pollen tubes from lily.     

注氢诱发ODS铁素体钢中第二相分解

采用室温离子注入和低压电镜原位观察的方法,研究了注氢对国产ODS铁素体钢微观结构的影响.结果表明:原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢中存在有一定数量的(Fe,Cr)2O3,室温注氢后,(Fe,Cr)2O3无明显改变;但将其加热至450℃,(Fe,Cr)2O3即开始分解;到550℃时,部分(Fe,Cr)2O3消失,残余(Fe,Cr)2O3的成分也发生了改变.与此相反,原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢的微观结构在加热过程中却没有明显改变,(Fe,Cr)2O3并不分解.     

基于双离子注入法的新型PSD结构

在分析半导体光电位置敏感探测器(PSD)传统结构的基础上,采用双离子注入方法,研究一种新型的PSD结构.这种新型结构通过在N型硅衬底分别注入一种高剂量、低能量的硼离子和另一种高能量的硼离子形成,离子注入后在1 050℃扩散炉中氧气保护退火2h,形成浅和低掺杂的PN结.实验结果表明,新型PSD结构可获得较高的位置分辨率、较小的响应时间误差及非线性.     

离子注入介质中输运的数值模拟

讨论了离子注入在人质中输运的数值模拟方法，采用扩散理论和交替方向隐式的Ｄ－Ｒ差分法，以砷离子注入在硅单晶中输运为例，数值模拟结果与实验结果基本相符。     

离子注入材料表面改性及其在摩擦学中的应用

对离子注入材料表面改性及其在摩擦学中的应用进行了综述.大量文献资料表明,离子注入是改善材料摩擦学性能的一种有效方法,许多金属离子或非金属离子均可注入到金属、陶瓷、高分子等材料的表面以改善其摩擦学性能.离子注入对材料表面耐磨性能改善的效果取决于注入离子的种类、注入剂量、注入能量和注入温度.讨论了为使该技术更加广泛地应用于实际摩擦学体系还须研究的一些问题.     

钛基合金离子注入表面改性层的研究

应用电子能谱、Ｘ射线衍射及透射电镜等对四种不同注氮工艺下的Ｔｉ－６Ａ１－４Ｖ 合金表面改性层的化学成分、显微组织及合金结构等进行了分析研究。结果表明：注 层中的氮离子分布随注入剂量的不同而异；在注层中形成了ＴｉＮ，Ｔｉ２Ａ２Ｎ 等新的 合金相，同时形成了层错、孪晶等缺陷．并从理论方面对改性层的强化机制进行了初 步探讨。     

铁离子注入单晶铜引发亚结构组态变化的研究

用加速电压５０ｋＶ、剂量为４×１０１７／ｃｍ２的铁离子注入单晶铜中，利用透射电子显微镜弱束成像技术研究了被注入材料的横截面样品，发现离子辐照引发被注入材料亚结构变化的深度远大于离子本身注入的深度，铁离子注入单晶铜中位错密度随注入深度的变化有两个峰值出现．其亚结构为多种位错组成的复杂位错组态，这种亚结构会使被注入材料具有相当于加工硬化的效果．探讨了离子注入材料中由辐照引发的加工硬化现象，即所谓的“长程效应”     

Y,Cr离子注入碳钢耐蚀改性研究

用失重法、电化学方法、金相及俄歇电子能谱分析研究了碳钢离子注入Ｙ，Ｃｒ元 素在海水，ＨＦ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｈ３ＰＯ４中的耐腐蚀改性作用．结果表明：稀土Ｙ注入后 使碳钢耐水溶液腐蚀性能提高；Ｙ，Ｃｒ复合注入使碳钢表面产生钝性，局部诱发小孔 腐蚀；Ｙ在表面注入层均匀富集产生的非平衡态合金化作用是耐蚀性提高的主要原 因；注入过程中高能离子轰击引起的表层微观结构变化对耐蚀强化起着一定的作用； Ｙ，Ｃｒ复合注入合金化的耐蚀改性效果更佳。     

Simulation methods of ion sheath dynamics in plasma source ion implantation

Progress of the theoretical studies on the ion sheath dynamics in plasma source ion implantation (PSII) is reviewed in this paper. Several models for simulating the ion sheath dynamics in PSII are provided. The main problem of nonuniform ion implantation on the target in PSII is discussed by analyzing some calculated results. In addition,based on the relative researches in our laboratory, some calculated results of the ion sheath dynamics in PSII for inner surface modification of a cylindrical bore are presented. Finally, new ideas and tendency for future researches on ion sheath dynamics in PSII are proposed.     

离子注入和溅射率的蒙特卡罗模拟计算

蒙特卡罗方法是一种模拟随机性问题的好方法 ,文章依据离子注入和溅射原理并运用蒙特卡罗方法在计算机上模拟了氩离子注入铜靶中的注入离子轨迹、碰撞级联和铜靶在氩离子不同能量和氩离子不同入射方向时的溅射率 ,并对所取得的模拟结果进行了分析研究 ,为提高溅射镀膜生产效率提供了理论依据。     

钨离子注入多晶不锈钢引发亚结构变化的研究

利用透射电子显微镜弱束成像技术研究了钨离子注入经１１５０℃固溶处理的奥氏体不锈钢（１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ）的横截面样品，发现离子辐照引发被注入材料亚结构变化的深度远大于离子体身的注入深度，钨离子注入多晶奥氏体不锈钢中位错密度沿位入深度有一个峰值。位错密度峰值处的亚结构，在多个晶体学倒易矢量显现。其他区域位错显像有方向性；在最密排面上易于显像，其他的矢量方向大多隐像。     

用液氮淬冷法进行花粉破壁的实验研究

通过正交设计实验，利用液氮将油菜花粉进行深低温超快速冷冻处理后，借助显微镜对解冻后的花粉进行显微观察，拍照和破壁率统计，同时采用苯酚-硫酸法进行胞外总糖含量测定，实验表明油菜花粉破壁优化条件为：外包紫铜，解冻温度95℃，反复冻结解冻3次，此时每克花粉中胞外总糖变化量最大值达59.588mg(以葡萄糖计），较未经冻结解冻处理的上升了31.25%，破壁率达94.97%.     

LSV和LMoV侵染对百合光合生理和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以东方百合"西伯利亚"为试验材料,研究了百合无症病毒(LSV)和百合斑驳病毒(LMoV)侵染对植株光合生理和抗氧化酶活性的影响.检测结果表明:LSV侵染叶片中叶绿素a、b以及总叶绿素含量与健康叶片相比分别降低了15.8%、16.6%和11.1%;LMoV侵染叶片分别降低了24.3%、22.6%和16.5%.LSV侵染叶片中净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度和气孔导度与健康叶片相比分别降低了19.2%、13.4%和15.1%;LMoV侵染叶片分别降低了50.6%、48.2%和29.6%.LSV侵染叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性与健康对照组相比分别增加了24.6%、29.4%、16.5%和23.4%;LMoV侵染叶片分别增加了10.6%、18.2%、9.6%和19.6%.可见,百合植株光合生理和抗氧化酶活性均受到LSV和LMoV侵染的影响,危害程度LMoV高于LSV.