Lkb1 regulates cell cycle and energy metabolism in haematopoietic stem cells

Little is known about metabolic regulation in stem cells and how this modulates tissue regeneration or tumour suppression. We studied the Lkb1 tumour suppressor and its substrate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), kinases that coordinate metabolism with cell growth. Deletion of the Lkb1 (also called Stk11) gene in mice caused increased haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) division, rapid HSC depletion and pancytopenia. HSCs depended more acutely on Lkb1 for cell-cycle regulation and survival than many other haematopoietic cells. HSC depletion did not depend on mTOR activation or oxidative stress. Lkb1-deficient HSCs, but not myeloid progenitors, had reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. HSCs deficient for two catalytic α-subunits of AMPK (AMPK-deficient HSCs) showed similar changes in mitochondrial function but remained able to reconstitute irradiated mice. Lkb1-deficient HSCs, but not AMPK-deficient HSCs, exhibited defects in centrosomes and mitotic spindles in culture, and became aneuploid. Lkb1 is therefore required for HSC maintenance through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms, revealing differences in metabolic and cell-cycle regulation between HSCs and some other haematopoietic progenitors.     

红砂促分裂原活化蛋白激酶MAPK基因cDNA片段克隆及序列分析

研究了参与非生物胁迫的促分裂原活化蛋白激酶MAPK基因在红砂抗旱中的作用.通过实验克隆得到了红砂MAPK基因550 bp的cDNA片段,与已知的植物MAPK基因的相应片段表现出较高的同源性(最高达80.5%).MAPK基因在红砂叶片和茎中无组织特异性表达,且随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧其表达量增加,说明MAPK基因在红砂抗旱中起重要作用.     

Regulation between nitric oxide and MAPK signal transduction in mammals

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. It exhibits a wide range of effects during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Typical beneficial properties of NO include the regulation of vascular tone,the protection of cells against apoptosis, the modulation of immune responses, and the killing of microbial pathogens. On the other hand,NO may cause severe vasodilation and myocardial depression during bacterial sepsis or act as a cytotoxic and tissue-damaging molecule in autoimmune diseases. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. MAPK cascade plays pivotal roles in gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, neuronal survival and programmed cell death under a variety of experimental conditions. MAPKs transduce the signal for the cellular response to extracellular stresses or stimuli. The relation between them, however, has never been reviewed. Based on our researches and other reports in the field, we review their reciprocal regulatory functions.     

Constitutive activation of AtMEK5, a MAPK kinase, induces salicylic acidindependent cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana

In most circumstances, plants are able to defendthemselves against pathogen attack. The mechanisms ofplants resisting the invasion of pathogens often includeinduction of hypersensitive response (HR) cell death, theactivation of defense genes and the production of antim-icrobial phytoalexins[1—3]. Plant defense responses are ini-tiated either by the interaction between a plant resistance(R) gene and a pathogen avirulence (avr) gene or by thebinding of a non-race-specific elicitor to its recep…     

Effect of leptin on oocyte maturation and subsequent pregnancy rate of cloned embryos reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs

Cloning pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT） has wide applications in basic research, human medicine and agricultural production. To improve cloning efficiency, the effect of two basic maturation media, NCSU-23 and TCM199, was compared, and TCM199 was selected for the following experiments with leptin. We systematically studied the effects of leptin supplementation on oocytes in vitro maturation （IVM）, in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated （PA） and SCNT embryos and in vivo development of SCNT embryos after embryo transfer （ET）. The results showed that supplementation of 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin into the maturation medium did not greatly affect nuclear maturation of oocytes, or cleavage rates of PA and SCNT （P 〉 0.05）. Blastocyst rates of PA and SCNT embryos were significantly improved when 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin was added to maturation medium, and the number of cells in PA blastocysts was also improved （P 〈 0.05）. The number of cells in blastocyst of SCNT was improved, when 100 ng/ml leptin was added （P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, supplementation of 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin to the IVM medium may improve pregnancy rate and the delivery rate inpig cloning.     

Cell cycle and cell signal transduction in marine phytoplankton

tAs unicellular phytoplankton, the growth of a marine phytoplankton population results directly from the completion of a cell cycle, therefore, cell-environment communication is an important way which involves signal transduction pathways to regulate cell cycle progression and contribute to growth, metabolism and primary production and respond to their surrounding environment in marine phytoplankton. Cyclin-CDK and CaM/Ca²⁺ are essentially key regulators in control of cell cycle and signal transduction pathway, which has important values on both basic research and applied biotechnology. This paper reviews progress made in this research field, which involves the identification and characterization of cyclins and cell signal transduction system, cell cycle-control mechanisms in marine phytoplankton cells, cell cycle proteins as a marker of a terminal event to estimate the growth rate of phytoplankton at the species level, cell cycle-dependent toxin production of toxic algae and cell cycle progression regulated by environmental factors.     

氯化锂对MGC803细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

研究氯化锂(LiCl)在体外对MGC803胃癌细胞增殖及周期的影响,以不同浓度的LiCl作用MGC803细胞24 h后,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测各组细胞的增殖活性,利用流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析.结果:①不同浓度的LiCl(10、20、40 mmol/L)均对MGC803细胞具有抑制增殖的作用,这种增殖抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系.②随着LiCl浓度的升高,发生G2/M期阻滞,与正常对照组相比,差异具统计学意义.说明LiCl能抑制MGC803胃癌细胞增殖和导致G2/M期阻滞.     

An integrative model and analysis of cell cycle in fission yeast

Cell cycle is a programmed process, during which a cell proliferates to two daughter cells. The eukaryotic or-ganisms share the same characters, such as four cycle phases G1, S, G2 and M, the evolutionally conserved cell cycle proteins and its dependent kinases, and the check-points mechanism[1,2]. Due to the different functions and the complicated interactions of these proteins involved in cell cycle, it is very difficult to understand the regulatory mechanism of cell cycle in a whole sense …     

MSH2 is required for cell proliferation, cell cycle control and cell invasiveness in colorectal cancer cells

We have investigated the role of MSH2,a mismatch repair gene in cell proliferation,cell cycle control and cell invasiveness in the SW480 human colorectal cancer cell line.RNAi-mediated inhibition of MSH2 expression was achieved using MSH2 shRNA lentiviral expression vectors.Effective knockdown of endogenous MSH2 expression was determined by real-time PCR analysis.The most efficient MSH2 knockdown vector was selected for subsequent studies using SW480 cells.Endogenous MSH2 mRNA levels decreased after lentiviral delivery of the MSH2-RNAi,indicating efficient silencing of MSH2 expression in SW480 cells.Cell proliferation,cell cycle progression and cell invasiveness were quantified by MTT assays,flow cytometry and transwell assays,respectively.RNAi-mediated inhibition of MSH2 expression in SW480 cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation,cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and decreased cell invasiveness.Taken together,these results provide evidence that MSH2 stimulates cell proliferation,promotes cell cycle progression and positively regulates cell invasiveness.     

肝再生细胞周期中增殖启动及其调控研究

肝再生细胞周期中增殖启动及其调控是一个研究热点,到底是何种因素及其涉及到的信号传导途径诱导了Go期肝细胞的启动仍然是一个谜.本文主要以JNK、TNF-α、IL-6、一氧化氮等因子及其可能参与的调控途径综述了肝再生启动的一些最新研究进展.     

KA2012HRS复合提取液对K562细胞凋亡的诱导作用和细胞周期的阻滞作用相关研究

KA2012HRS复合提取液是以新鲜海参为主料的口服生物制剂,具有良好的抗疲劳、提高免疫力的功效.研究发现KA2012HRS复合提取液具有良好的体外抗肿瘤活性,同时可有效克服P-gp介导的肿瘤多药耐药,并且具有一定的肿瘤细胞选择性.对KA2012HRS复合提取液抗肿瘤机理进行了初步研究,结果表明:KA2012HRS复合提取液与K562/S细胞相互作用后,可将其细胞周期阻滞在S期,并使其线粒体膜电位显著降低,从而诱导该细胞发生凋亡.本研究提示,KA2012HRS复合提取液将具有良好的开发前景.     

H13对HT-29细胞周期和caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

探讨新型Topo I抑制剂H13对体外培养的人结肠癌细胞HT-29细胞周期和caspase-3表达的影响.以人结肠癌细胞HT-29为研究对象,PI染色,流式细胞仪检测H13处理48 h后细胞周期的分布;Western Blot法检测H13处理48 h后caspase-3表达的变化.2.5和5 g/mL H13处理的HT-29处理48 h后,G1期细胞百分率下降,S期细胞百分率上升,并且有剂量依赖性;2.5,5,10 g/mL H13处理的HT-29处理48 h后,caspase-3蛋白表达升高.H13对诱导HT-29细胞周期阻滞于S期,其机制可能与其上调caspase-3表达有关.     

PPARγ激动剂诱导HT-29凋亡及周期阻滞的作用

PPAR属于核受体超家族,与特异配体结合后调控一些基因的表达,这些受调控的基因涉及脂质的代谢,糖尿病以及肿瘤等多个方面.目的是研究PPAR γ激动剂罗格列酮诱导结肠癌细胞HT-29凋亡及细胞周期阻滞的作用,并对其机制做相应的探讨.试验结果显示,罗格列酮可诱导HT-29细胞发生凋亡,并阻滞细胞于G1期,此效果伴随着Bcl-2的表达降低,p21的表达升高.罗格列酮在升高PPAR γ表达的同时,也激活了细胞内ERK的传导通路.因此,罗格列酮是通过诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡及周期阻滞而发挥其抗肿瘤作用,此作用为PPAR γ依赖的,并且与激活ERK通路有关.这些研究结果提示PPAR γ有望成为结肠癌治疗的分子靶点.     

Effects of sense and antisense centromere/kinetochore complex protein-B （CENP-B） in cell cycle regulation

This paper investigates the effects of sense and antisense centromere/kinetochore complex protein-B （CENP-B） in cell cycle regulation. Full-length cenpb cDNA was subcloned into pBI-EGFP eukaryotic expression vector in both sense and antisense orientation. HeLa-Tet-Off cells were transfected with sense or antisense cenpb vectors. Sense transfection of HeLa-Tet-Off cells resulted in the formation of a large centromere/kinetochore complex, and apoptosis of cells following several times of cell division. A stable antisense cenpb transfected cell line, named HACPB, was ob- tained. The centromere/kinetochore complex of HACPB cells became smaller than control HeLa-Tet-Off cells and scattered, and the expression of CENP-B was down-regulated. In addition, delayed cell cycle progression, inhibited malignant phenotype, restrained ability of tumor formation in nude mice, and delayed entry from G2fM phase into next G1 phase were observed in HACPB cells. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases （CDKs）, cyclins, and CDK inhibitors （CKIs） were modulated during different phases of the cell cycle. CENP-B is an essential protein for the maintenance of the structure and function of centromere/kinetochore complex, and plays important roles in cell cycle regulation.     

Effect of P15INK4b expression on the cell cycle and G1 phase related regulatory genes in human melanoma cells

Using the transfeetion teehnique. P15INK4b was introduced into P15INk4b gene deleted human melanoma A375 cells,and a cell model MLED6 overexpressing P15INK4b WAS CONSTRUCTED.Comparing with the control cells MLC2,MLEK6cells in G1phase increased by 11%,but those in Sphase decreased by 15%by FCM.By the method of thymidine(TdR)and N2O arresting,the proportions of synchronized Mphase cells of MLEK6 ana MLC23 were measured and found to be 89.1% and 76.8%respectively ,and the cells in G1phase were 74.3% for MLID6 AND 76. 4% forMLC2.The result of3 H-TdR incorporation indicated that the transition of G1/Sof MLEK6 cell was delayed 2h as compared with that of MLC2 cells,and incorporation rate also decreased.The observation on exprissions of some G1/ S-resates relatory rigusating genes showed that in MLIK6 cells the protein leves of P27KIPI increased with the decreasing expressions of cyclinD1,cyclinE and c-myc,especially cyclinD1 in late G1phade.The expression of cyclinE obviously decreased at G1/S transition ,and c-myc wad inhibited throughout all the process of G1 S phase.All the risults suggest that P15INK4b can delayG1/S transition of MLEK6 cells by inhibiting the cell cycle engine ,and by increasing the expression of Cdk ingibitor P27KIPI in different stages of G1 phase.