Association between GTPase activators for Rho and Ras families.

The ras-related low-molecular-mass GTPases participate in signal transduction involving a variety of cellular functions, including cell-cycle progression, cellular differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, protein transport and secretion. The cycling of these proteins between GTP-bound and GDP-bound states is partially controlled by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which stimulate the intrinsic GTP-hydrolysing activity of specific GTPases. The ras GTPase-activating protein (Ras-GAP) forms a complex with a second protein, p190 (M(r) 190,000), in growth-factor stimulated and tyrosine-kinase transformed cells. At its carboxy-terminal end, p190 contains a region that is conserved in the breakpoint cluster region, n-chimaerin, and Rho-GAP. Each of these three proteins exhibits GAP activity for at least one member of the rho family of small GTPases. We have tested recombinant p190 protein for GAP activity on GTPases of the ras, rho and rab families, and show here that p190 can function as a GAP specifically for members of the rho family. Consequently, the formation of a complex between Ras-GAP and p190 in growth-factor stimulated cells may allow the coupling of signalling pathways that involve ras and rho GTPases.     

行ρ-混合阵列加权和最大值的完全收敛性

先利用ρ-混合序列Rosenthal型最大值不等式, 得到一个关于行ρ-混合阵列加权和最大值的完全收敛性定理, 再利用此定理证明ρ-混合序列加权和最大值的Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund型强大数定律.     

关于一类四阶偏微分方程解的一个 Bernstein 性质

设$x:M\rightarrow A^{n+1}$ 是由定义在凸域 $\Omega\subset A^n$ 上的某局部严格凸函数 $x_{n+1}=f(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ 给出的超曲面. 我们记 $\rho(x)=\left(\det\left(\frac{\partial^2f}{\partial x_i\partial x_j}(x)\right)\right)^{-\frac{1}{n+2}} $. 假设 $(M, g)$ 是一完备的Hessian流形且具有非负的李奇曲率,如果 $\rho$ 满足 $\Delta_{g}\rho=\beta\frac{\parallel\nabla\rho \parallel_g^2}{\rho}(\beta\neq 1)$ , 则 $M$ 一定是椭圆抛物面.     

ρ-混合序列部分和之和乘积精确渐近性的一般形式

在适当的假设条件下,利用已有的关于ρ-混合序列部分和之和乘积渐近分布的结果,对一般的边界函数和拟权函数获得了ρ-混合序列部分和之和乘积精确渐近性的一般形式.     

A universal scaling relation in high-temperature superconductors

Since the discovery of superconductivity at elevated temperatures in the copper oxide materials there has been a considerable effort to find universal trends and correlations amongst physical quantities, as a clue to the origin of the superconductivity. One of the earliest patterns that emerged was the linear scaling of the superfluid density (rho(s)) with the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)), which marks the onset of phase coherence. This is referred to as the Uemura relation, and it works reasonably well for the underdoped materials. It does not, however, describe optimally doped (where T(c) is a maximum) or overdoped materials. Similarly, an attempt to scale the superfluid density with the d.c. conductivity (sigma(dc)) was only partially successful. Here we report a simple scaling relation (rho(s) proportional, variant sigma(dc)T(c), with sigma(dc) measured at approximately T(c)) that holds for all tested high-T(c) materials. It holds regardless of doping level, nature of dopant (electrons versus holes), crystal structure and type of disorder, and direction (parallel or perpendicular to the copper-oxygen planes).     

3D Modeling of the preparation process of metal rubber material

Based on the analysis of the preparation of metal rubber (MR) and two pivotal hypotheses, the uniform distribution and the unaltered topological structure of wires in the radial direction of columns in the punch process, a 3D parametrical model was established based on four approaches: helix-making, planar roughcast-weaving, planar roughcast-rolling, and 3D roughcast punching. In the modeling process, 5 lattice types of weave patterns in planar roughcast were put forward, and 10 quantificational modeling parameters were picked up to exclusively define the column MR component structure. The wire distribution was visualized by CAD techniques. The important performance parameter of column MR components (relative density ρ) can be forecasted by modeling computing, which provides the necessary foundation for the design and optimization of MR materials.     

一类2-稀疏图的补图的L(2,1)-标号

构造了洞指数ρ(G)≥1的一类2-稀疏连通图的补图的两个不同的岛序列。     

The Cepheid PL zero-point based on the revised Hipparcos trigonometrical parallaxes

Revised Hipparcos data were released by van Leeuwen in 2007. In this article revised Hipparcos trigonometrical parallaxes are used to derive a period-luminosity zero-point in the optical V band. Adopting a fixed slope of -2.81 from the LMC, a zero-point value of p= -1.37＋0.07 is derived based on the method by Feast and Catchpole （1997）. This value yields an LMC distance modulus of 18.64 mag, which makes a minor change in H0 expected from Feast and Catchpole＇s result in 1997.     

Rho激酶抑制剂诱导PC12和PC12Adh细胞突起生长的差异比较

 PC12细胞是研究神经分化最常用的细胞之一.在rho激酶(ROCK)抑制剂的作用下,PC12细胞能够长出神经样突起.最近,美国菌种保存中心(ATCC)同时提供PC12细胞和PC12 Adh细胞.研究的主要目的是观察ROCK抑制剂诱导这2种细胞长突起是否存在差异.PC12细胞和PC12Adh细胞按照ATCC方法进行培养,用神经生长因子(NGF,1000ng/mL)或ROCK抑制剂(33μmol/L Y27632,33μmol/L法舒地尔)处理细胞1~4d.结果发现NGF能够诱导这2种细胞生长突起,而ROCK抑制剂只诱导PC12Adh细胞长突起,对PC12细胞不明显.因此,ROCK抑制剂诱导这2种细胞突起生长存在明显差异,PC12Adh细胞更适合用于ROCK抑制剂的神经诱导分化实验.     

核子耦合参数对中子星中超子相的影响

中子星中超子的出现以及超子的比例对中子星的性质具有重要影响,不同的核子相互作用模型如何影响中子星中的超子是一个重要物理问题.从相对论平均场理论出发,选取不同核子耦合参数,计算了中子星中超子的数密度,发现不同类核子耦合参数对中子星中超子出现和中子星向超子星转变的转变密度有不同影响,而且核子相互作用的σ介子势和ω介子势影响显著,而ρ介子势影响较小.这些结果对大质量中子星性质的理论研究具有重要参考价值.     

A titanosilicate molecular sieve with adjustable pores for size-selective adsorption of molecules

Zeolites and related crystalline microporous oxides-tetrahedrally coordinated atoms covalently linked into a porous framework-are of interest for applications ranging from catalysis to adsorption and ion-exchange. In some of these materials (such as zeolite rho) adsorbates, ion-exchange, and dehydration and cation relocation can induce strong framework deformations. Similar framework flexibility has to date not been seen in mixed octahedral/tetrahedral microporous framework materials, a newer and rapidly expanding class of molecular sieves. Here we show that the framework of the titanium silicate ETS-4, the first member of this class of materials, can be systematically contracted through dehydration at elevated temperatures to 'tune' the effective size of the pores giving access to the interior of the crystal. We show that this so-called 'molecular gate' effect can be used to tailor the adsorption properties of the materials to give size-selective adsorbents suitable for commercially important separations of gas mixtures of molecules with similar size in the 4.0 to 3.0 A range, such as that of N2/CH4, Ar/O2 and N2/O2.     

$F$-完备抛物仿射超球

设 $x:M\rightarrow R^{n+1}$ 是局部强凸超曲面, 由定义在凸域$D \subset R^{n}$上的局部强凸函数 $x_{n+1}=f(x_{1},...,x_{n})$给出. 在$M$上定义 $F$- 度量 $\tilde{G}=F(\rho)\sum\frac{\partial^{2}f}{\partial x_{i}\partial x_{j}}dx_{i}dx_{j}$.研究$F$-完备抛物仿射超球,得到了相应的Bernstein性质.     

Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of transducin and its relationship to ras proteins

A group of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) are essential for transducing signals generated at cell-surface receptors into changes in cellular function and metabolism. These proteins are a complex of three subunits designated alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha-subunit is responsible for binding guanine nucleotides and seems to be characteristic of each protein. Transducin, a member of this protein family, mediates visual transduction by coupling the signal of photolysed rhodopsin with activation of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. We have now cloned and sequenced the complementary DNA encoding the alpha-subunit of bovine retinal transducin and from this we have deduced the complete amino-acid sequence. The transducin alpha-subunit shares several homologous amino-acid sequences with ras gene products. The homologous segments correspond mostly to the regions thought to be involved in the guanine nucleotide binding and GTPase activity of ras proteins and to the ADP-ribosylation sites of the transducin alpha-subunit.     

Charon's size and an upper limit on its atmosphere from a stellar occultation

Pluto and its satellite, Charon (discovered in 1978; ref. 1), appear to form a double planet, rather than a hierarchical planet/satellite couple. Charon is about half Pluto's size and about one-eighth its mass. The precise radii of Pluto and Charon have remained uncertain, leading to large uncertainties on their densities. Although stellar occultations by Charon are in principle a powerful way of measuring its size, they are rare, as the satellite subtends less than 0.3 microradians (0.06 arcsec) on the sky. One occultation (in 1980) yielded a lower limit of 600 km for the satellite's radius, which was later refined to 601.5 km (ref. 4). Here we report observations from a multi-station stellar occultation by Charon, which we use to derive a radius, R(C) = 603.6 +/- 1.4 km (1sigma), and a density of rho = 1.71 +/- 0.08 g cm(-3). This occultation also provides upper limits of 110 and 15 (3sigma) nanobar for an atmosphere around Charon, assuming respectively a pure nitrogen or pure methane atmosphere.     

Bcr encodes a GTPase-activating protein for p21rac

More than thirty small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins related to the ras-encoded oncoprotein, termed Ras or p21ras, are known. They regulate many fundamental processes in all eukaryotic cells, such as growth, vesicle traffic and cytoskeletal organization. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate the intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis of Ras-related proteins, leading to down-regulation of the active GTP-bound form. For p21ras, two GAP proteins are known, rasGAP and the neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene product. There is evidence that rasGAP may also be a target protein for regulation by Ras and be involved in downstream signalling. We have purified a GAP protein for p21rho, which is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Partial sequencing of rhoGAP reveals significant homology with the product of the bcr (breakpoint cluster region) gene, the translocation breakpoint in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemias. We show here that the carboxy-terminal domains of the bcr-encoded protein (Bcr) and of a Bcr-related protein, n-chimaerin, are both GAP proteins for the Ras-related GTP-binding protein, p21rac. This result suggest that Bcr could be a target for regulation by Rac and has important new implications for the role of bcr translocations in leukaemia.     

On the boundary value problem for harmonic maps of the Poincaré disc

The boundary value problem for harmonic maps of the Poincare disc is discussed. The emphasis is on the non-smoothness of the given boundary values in the problem. Let T . be a subspace of the universal Teichmüller space, defined as a set of normalized quasisymmetric homeomorphisms h of the unit circle S onto itself where h admits a quasiconformal extension to the unit disc D with a complex dilatation μ satisfying where ρ(z)|dz|2 is the Poincare metric of D. Let B . be a Banach space consisting of holomorphic quadratic differentials φ in D with norms It is shown that for any given quasisymmetric homeomorphism h : S1→S1∈ T . , there is a unique quasiconformal harmonic map of D with respect to the Poincare metric whose boundary corresponding is h and the Hopf differential of such a harmonic map belongs to B .     

Phylogenetic origins and adaptive evolution of avian and mammalian haemoglobin genes

Recent years have seen rapid growth in amino acid sequence data on globins and nucleotide sequence data on haemoglobin genes and pseudogenes, and cladistic analysis of these data continues to reveal new facets of globin evolution. Our present findings demonstrate: (1) avian and mammalian embryonic alpha genes (pi and xi, respectively) had a monophyletic origin involving an alpha locus duplication about 400 Myr ago soon after the duplication which separated alpha and beta genes; (2) much later in phylogeny, independent beta-gene duplications produced the embryonic rho locus of birds and embryonic epsilon and fetal gamma loci of mammals. This parallels the earlier finding that myoglobins evolved more than once from generalized globin ancestors. Here we support the view that such globin evolution resulted from natural selection acting on mutations in duplicated genes. Thus, our evidence contradicts the neutralist view in which almost all amino acid substitutions in descent to extant globins evaded positive selection.