中国天然气资源研究

在大量统计数据的基础上,对中国天然气资源从类型、富集程度、分布特征等方面进行了研究。首先,中国常规天然气储量探明史可大致分为4个阶段,储量增长上了3个台阶,集中分布于六大盆地;其次,常规天然气资源,主要分布在中部、西北部和海域,其特点为:时代分布老、丰度低、探明程度低、潜力大;第三,中国煤层气资源量,主要富集在东部、中部和西北部;第四,致密砂岩气有一般致密砂岩气和深盆气两种赋存形式,中国许多盆地具备形成深盆气的条件,也有较大的资源潜力;第五,中国海域的南海和东海,陆地的青藏高原和东北北部可能富含天然气水合物;第六,中国众多含油气盆地的地层水,蕴藏着十分丰富的水溶气资源;最后,泥页岩气、深源气、二氧化碳气和硫化氢气也是不可忽视的资源,具有较大的资源潜力。     

台北凹陷侏罗系含油气系统天然气序列性研究

吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系含油气系统常规天然气、致密砂岩气和页岩气资源丰富。通过对吐哈盆地台北凹陷 侏罗系地质条件的分析研究,指明在侏罗系含油气系统内页岩气、致密砂岩气和常规天然气在空间展布和储层特征等 方面的序列性特征。结合该区的勘探开发实践,总结出：在同一个含油气系统的前提下,页岩气、致密砂岩气和常规天 然气具有共生性强的特点,认为它们是先后经历了源岩内滞留、初次运移、二次运移和成藏聚集等过程,分别在泥页 岩、致密砂岩和常规储层中形成的不同类型的天然气聚集。并归纳出他们在运移阶段、成藏时间、空间分布、含气特 点、开发技术、产量储量特征和勘探开发阶段等方面序列性特点。最终认为在同一含油气系统中只要具备合适的地质 条件,在一种类型天然气发现后,通过“顺藤摸瓜”的方法来寻找其他类型天然气是一种新的勘探思路。     

深盆气藏的主要特征及形成机制

在国外深盆气地质理论的基础上 ,结合我国深盆气勘探开发实际 ,对深盆气的主要特征进行了分析 ,深盆气藏位于向斜盆地轴部或坳陷深处 ,分布规模巨大 ,气水关系倒置 ,多具异常压力 ;主要储层虽为致密砂岩 ,但多含饱和气的渗透性储层 ;海陆交互相的煤系地层是深盆气藏的主要气源岩 ,储层与成熟气源岩的接触是深盆气形成的必要条件 .在分析国外深盆气形成的动态圈闭机理和扩散运移方式存在问题的同时 ,提出了对深盆气藏形成机制的新认识 .我国鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地都存在丰富的深盆气资源 ,其它类似结构的盆地都有可能存在深盆气 ,应进行勘探潜力分析 .     

深盆气藏的主要特征及形成机制

在国外深盆气地质理论的基础上,结合我国深盆气勘探开发实际,对深盆气的主要特征进行了分析,深盆气藏位于斜盆地轴部或坳陷深入,分布规模巨大,气水关系倒置,多具异常压力,主要储层虽为致密砂岩,但多含饱和气的渗透性储层,海陆交互相的煤系地层是深盆气藏的主要气源岩,储层与成熟成源岩的接触是深盆气形成的必要条件,在分析国外深盆气形成的动态圈闭机理和扩散运移方式存在问题的同时,提出了对深盆气藏形成机制的新认识,我国鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地都存在丰富的深盆气资源,其它类似结构的盆地都有可能存在深盆气,应进行勘探潜力分析。     

黑龙江省东部中生代含煤盆地深盆气成藏分析

深盆气属于非常规能源矿产。鸡西盆地具备了深盆气形成的基本地质条件,即煤系、暗色泥岩厚度大,有机质丰富,热演化程度高,生气强度大,气源丰富;致密砂岩储层发育,储层孔隙度平均值为3.00%～8.30%,渗透率绝大部分小于0.1×10-3μm2,具有低孔、低渗特点;构造匹配、保存条件较好。根据该地质条件,认为鸡西盆地深盆气可能的成藏模式为构造斜坡分布,北部鸡东坳陷区、南部穆棱坳陷为深盆气分布有利区,具有较好勘探前景。同时,探讨了气水倒置、压力异常、普遍含气等深盆气特征方面存在的有关问题。     

鸡西盆地与川西坳陷致密砂岩气成藏条件类比研究

在系统的介绍了“原生型”深盆气和“构造型”致密砂岩气两种致密砂岩气藏的基础上,对鸡西盆地源岩生排烃时期与储层致密化时期做出预测,并首次对鸡西盆地致密砂岩气藏类型做出判断,认为鸡西盆地致密砂岩气属“改造型”致密砂岩气。进而选择代表该类气藏的川西坳陷致密砂岩气藏与鸡西盆地的成藏条件进行类比。结果认为：二者气源条件都较为优越,能够大量生烃;而且储层都较致密。但鸡西盆地由于构造活动强烈,断裂大量发育,对气藏破坏作用大,保存条件要明显差于川西坳陷。因此,鸡西盆地难以形成类似川西坳陷的大型致密砂岩气藏,但在成藏条件优越的局部地区可形成具有经济价值的中小型的致密砂岩气藏。最后,通过排气强度、孔隙度、断层发育等主控因素的叠合对鸡西盆地致密砂岩气藏分布的有利区进行预测。     

陆相湖盆致密油气储层研究中的几个关键问题

陆相湖盆致密油气是中国非常规油气资源最为现实的重要类型之一,储层研究是实现其高效勘探开发的核心与关键。基于前期研究成果,以松辽盆地南部白垩系泉头组、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组及准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组等典型致密油气藏为例,厘定沉积成岩综合相的概念,形成沉积成岩综合相的测井识别技术,实现沉积成岩综合相的空间展布研究。结果表明:致密油气储层储集物性极低,储集空间类型多样,发育微纳米级孔喉系统,孔喉连通性差;高压压汞、恒速压汞和核磁共振相结合,实现孔喉半径及分布的全面表征,原油优先充注于半径较大、连通性较好的原生孔隙中;将储层埋藏演化、成岩演化过程、物性演化过程与油气成藏过程相结合,建立成岩-油气成藏系统,划分"先成藏,后致密"和"先致密,后成藏"两种致密油气藏类型;"先成藏,后致密"型致密砂岩油气储层,成藏期储层物性好,现今为大孔细喉特征,孔隙度是储层评价的较优参数;"先致密,后成藏"型致密砂岩油气储层,成藏期储层物性差,现今为小孔细喉的特征,储层品质指数可以作为储层评价的关键参数。在此基础上结合储层有效性控制因素,采用灰色关联分析,形成致密油气定量评价分类方法。     

南美地区油气地质特征及常规油气资源潜力

在分析南美油气地质特征的基础上,进行南美主要含油气盆地待发现常规油气资源评价,总结待发现油气资源分布规律,探讨其勘探前景。结果表明,受4大板块碰撞影响,南美沉积盆地可分成弧前、弧后、前陆、内克拉通和被动陆缘盆地5种类型。南美油气成藏条件优越,烃源岩以中新生界海相-陆相泥岩为主,生烃潜力大。储层以白垩系和第三系碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为主,分布广泛。盖层中新生界区域性泥岩和盐岩为主,封堵能力强。采用以成藏组合为基础评价单元的资源评价方法,将南美65个盆地共划分出152个成藏组合,并进行了资源评价。预测南美65个主要含油气盆地的待发现石油可采资源量为263716MMB,待发现凝析油可采资源量为7405MMB,待发现天然气可采资源量为559020BCF。待发现油气资源在平面上呈“两带”展布、“两中心”富集特征;在纵向上主要富集于白垩系和第三系。被动陆缘盆地和前陆盆地是南美未来油气勘探的两个重点领域,其中深海和前陆冲断带是主要勘探方向,巴西、委内瑞拉是重点关注国家。     

锡尔特盆地油气成藏条件

锡尔特盆地是世界上最有利的含油气盆地之一.盆地经历了5个构造演化阶段,地层主要由上中生界和新生界组成.盆地的生油岩、储层、盖层发育,圈闭类型丰富,各种成藏要素之间的时空配置关系良好,油气资源丰富.盆地前裂谷含油气层系和裂谷期含油气层系内油气藏的形成,都受控于断块隆起.盆地可分为3个油气聚集带,其中,东部油气聚集带最为有利.     

致密砂岩储层岩电参数实验研究

 目前致密砂岩油气藏的储层评价与试油气效果不好,测井解释符合率低,根本原因是没有准确求取储层的含油气饱和度。目前对致密砂岩进行储层饱和度求取,基本沿用以前评价常规砂岩储层的方法,这些方法的关键都在于高质量岩电参数的获取。由于致密砂岩孔隙度较小、孔隙结构复杂,该类储层的岩电参数获取比较困难,一般都借用同区域渗透率、孔隙度较高储层。本文根据致密砂岩的特点,选用气驱实验研究其岩电参数的变化规律。研究发现,在本文研究的致密砂岩岩心中,岩性系数b、饱和度指数n与中高孔渗储层差别较大。在孔隙度为5％—10％的致密砂岩岩心中,不同含水饱和度范围内其b、n不同,在高含水段,b基本在1左右,n在1.3—14.1之间;在低含水段,b在1.4—2.9之间,n在0.5—1.7之间。由于高含水段的含水饱和度均大于90％,因此解释时应重点关注低含水饱和度的b、n选取。利用实验结果对该岩心所在气田的4口井进行解释,证实本次实验结果更符合测试结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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