低热封包装材料用丙烯酸酯乳液的合成研究

针对双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)包装材料,制备低热封丙烯酸乳液涂层材料.通过考察聚合工艺,调节单体比例、乳化剂、引发剂及其用量,测定乳液性能.研究结果表明:以十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)作为乳化剂,其适中的质量分数为0.5%,以质量分数为0.5%的过硫酸铵作为引发剂,软硬单体按质量比为1∶1混合,进一步加入质量分数为2%的功能性单体丙烯酸(AA),所制备的乳液稳定性较好,成膜性优异,热封强度达到2.64 N/cm,大大超过现有市场产品的性能.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂的改性与结构表征

目的改进聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液耐水性和耐寒性差的缺点。方法采用种子乳液聚合工艺,将醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸进行三元共聚,对醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂的耐水性能进行改性研究,并用红外光谱对共聚物进行结构表征。结果最佳的反应条件:聚合温度为70~75℃,pH为6~7,聚合时间为2.5~3h,醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯的最佳配比为10∶0.7∶1.5,引发剂占单体用量的0.1%~0.5%,乳化剂占单体用量的1%~5%,制备出含固量≥40%的醋酸乙烯酯共聚乳液胶粘剂,其粘度在800mPa.s以上,可在室温下成膜,粘接强度较好,耐水性是醋酸乙烯酯均聚物的8倍。结论醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸进行三元共聚,能够明显改性醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂的耐水性。     

含腐殖酸的淀粉/聚丙烯酸缓释肥包膜材料的制备及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过添加腐植酸,淀粉与丙烯酸共聚交联,制备了一种高吸水缓释肥材料.腐植酸、淀粉和丙烯酸的最佳质量配比为8∶20∶72.此时,材料具有最大吸水率:659 g/g(去离子水)、425 g/g(自来水).尿素缓释肥的缓释周期为60 d,符合GB/T23348-2009规定的缓释效果.     

微波辐射相转移催化合成α-呋喃丙烯酸

在微波辐射和相转移催化剂的条件下,利用Perkin反应,快速合成了α 呋喃丙烯酸;考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、不同种类的相转移催化剂、催化剂用量及反应物的物料比对反应产物的影响.研究结果表明:在微波辐射功率为260W、微波反应时间为11min、以聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)为相转移催化剂,糠醛与乙酐的体积比为1∶2,糠醛与无水碳酸钾的量比为1.00∶0.55时,α 呋喃丙烯酸的产率为72.3%.     

聚丙烯酸钠/壳聚糖/淀粉智能凝胶材料合成研究

采用溶液聚合的方法,将淀粉和壳聚糖与丙烯酸接枝制备了高溶胀性接枝共聚物.研究了淀粉和壳聚糖配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、反应温度及反应时间等因素对接枝产物溶胀度的影响规律.结果表明,当淀粉和壳聚糖配比为8:1,引发剂用量为0.5%、交联剂用量为0.02%、丙烯酸中和度为80%、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为2 h时,该凝胶材料在蒸馏水中溶胀度接近800.     

结合磷型丙烯酸酯阻燃压敏胶的制备与性能

将丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯与丙烯酸酯进行自由基溶液聚合,制得具有本征阻燃性能的结合磷型丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液,然后将该溶液与油性聚磷酸铵浆料共混制得结合磷型丙烯酸酯阻燃压敏胶。考察了引发剂用量、单体配比、丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯用量、聚磷酸铵用量等因素对压敏胶的压敏性和阻燃性的影响规律,并用IR和TG对共聚物进行了表征。结果表明,当丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸和丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯（PAM 300）的质量比为56.0∶4.2∶23.7∶14.0:2.1∶10.0,引发剂质量分数为0.6%,聚磷酸铵质量分数为24%时,可制得阻燃性和压敏性均佳的压敏胶,所得压敏胶阻燃性能和常规性能均与进口阻燃压敏胶BMS5-133D的性能相当。     

稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O的合成与评价

分析了造成稠油高黏的原因及降黏剂的降黏机理,对降黏剂的分子结构进行设计.先以丙烯酸(A)、苯乙烯(S)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成了中间产物——三元共聚物ASAM,然后以ASAM、多元醇、长链烷基酸为原料通过两步酯化反应合成了一种稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O.通过正交实验确定出中间产物ASAM的最佳合成条件:单体质量比m(丙烯酸)∶m(苯乙烯)∶m(丙烯酰胺)为6∶3∶2,引发剂质量分数1.3%,反应时间为6 h.降黏剂ASAM/C/O的最佳合成条件∶m(ASAM)∶m(C)∶m(O)取6∶2∶1.5,长链烷基酸的碳链长度取18,反应温度在110～120℃之间,反应时间为6 h左右.降黏剂ASAM/C/O具有较好的降黏效果;降黏率与温度有关,随温度降低,降黏率升高;加剂处理后稠油体系的活化能大幅度降低,说明体系内的结构强度减弱.     

聚丙烯酸类互穿聚合物网络高吸水性树脂的合成

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,以N,N′–亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,将改性聚乙烯醇引入聚合体系,采用水溶液聚合法制备聚丙烯酸型吸水性树脂.重点研究了n(AM)∶n(AA)、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂和引发剂用量以及聚乙烯醇含量对吸水树脂性能的影响,研究了吸水树脂粒径与吸水速率的关系.实验结果表明:实验范围内n(AM)∶n(AA)=1∶2、丙烯酸中和度为60%,、改性聚乙烯醇用量为AM质量的10%,、交联剂和引发剂分别占单体总质量的0.04%,和2.5%,时,树脂的吸水率和耐盐性都达到最佳效果.此外,产物粒径为120目时,前30,s内吸水速率最快;但是粒径为100目时,吸水树脂最先达到吸水饱和.     

稀土二茂铁丙烯酸配合物的合成与性质

本文合成了十三种未见报道的稀土二茂铁丙烯酸配合物,并经元素分析及红外光谱和热谱分析,确定了它们的组成.此外,还测量了部分配合物的X-射线粉末衍射图,对其结构异构体进行了分类.1 稀土配合物的制备二茂铁丙烯酸(HL)是以二茂铁为原料,参照文献[1]和[2]合成的.氯化稀土由纯度大于99.9%的氧化物制备,稀土配合物是在无水乙醇溶液中,按摩尔比RE∶HL=1∶3计量,由RECl_3和     

淀粉-膨润土系超强吸水剂的研制

以丙烯酸、NaOH、钠基膨润土和红薯淀粉等为原料,用过硫酸铵氧化体系引发水溶液交联共聚制备超强吸水性树脂（SAR）.制备条件为：中和丙烯酸的pH值为6.5,淀粉与水的质量比为5 g∶25 mL,淀粉与丙烯酸的质量比为5 g∶30 mL,膨润土的用量为2.0 g,交联剂N—N′亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的用量为0.01 g,引发剂过硫酸的用量为0.20 g;淀粉糊化温度为80 ℃,接枝聚合温度为60 ℃,制备的复合SAR性能稳定,样品吸蒸馏水为510 mL/g,吸0.9%的NaCl溶液量为55 mL/g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that