洪河自然保护区湿地生态评价

湿地生态评价是湿地研究的重要内容之一.本研究选择位于黑龙江省三江平原的洪河自然保护区湿地为研究区,运用AHP层次分析法,根据郑允文等提出的自然保护区生态评价指标赋分标准,通过查阅洪河湿地的相关资料及文献,确定了要素层各要素的相关关系,并以归一化分值的形式表示出来,来代替AHP专家打分或问卷调查等确定权重的传统方法.最终...     

基于粗糙集理论的淡水湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价研究

该文旨在通过构建淡水湖泊湿地生态健康评价指标体系,对比分析长江流域中的鄱阳湖、西洞庭湖、洪湖3个淡水湖泊湿地的生态系统健康状况.首先从水环境、土壤、生物、景观和社会等1级指标中列出13个2级指标,并利用粗糙集理论对13个指标进行约简,得到由5个1级指标和8个2级指标构成的湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系;然后运用层次分析法对1级指标进行主观赋权,以及采用基于信息粒度的属性重要度原理对2级核心指标进行客观赋权,再将2种权重组合起来得到评价指标的权重系数;最后通过加权和的方式计算出3个淡水湖泊湿地的综合健康指数,以便进行生态系统健康状况比较.研究结果表明:3个湖泊湿地生态系统的健康等级均为中等,综合健康指数排序为洪湖(6. 063)鄱阳湖(5. 997)西洞庭湖(5. 458).     

银川阅海湿地水质模糊综合评价与分析

运用模糊综合评价模型,对阅海湿地1997—2006年水质进行综合评价,并对主要污染物的变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明,阅海湿地水质除1997,1999,2002和2003年达到Ⅴ级,其余年份水质均达到Ⅳ级或Ⅲ级.从时间变化趋势上看,经历了污染严重—好转—恶化—好转这一过程.选取了15个参数作为评价因素,其中,氰化物、挥发酚、汞、六价铬等指标的权重较小,对水质变化的总体影响不大,并且年度变化趋势较平缓;氨氮、总磷、总氮、镉、高锰酸盐指数以及氟化物等指标在阅海湿地水质总体评价中所占比重较大,直接影响水道水质;DO、BOD5、石油类、铅等指标的权重介于上述指标的中间.确定了各年度每个评价指标对不同级别水质的隶属度,进一步提出了阅海湿地水污染防治对策建议.     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的工程项目风险研究

通过对工程项目风险的定性分析,从社会风险、经济风险、技术风险以及管理风险四个方面构建工程项目风险评价体系,根据工程项目风险评价的具体特点,采用模糊综合评价法与层次分析法应用在工程项目风险的综合评价研究中。运用层次分析法确定影响工程项目风险的各子目标和各指标的权重,并同时得到各影响因素指标的权重向量。运用模糊综合评价理论,对工程项目的风险等级进行综合评判与排序,最后运用欧几里得贴近度进行风险等级评价。     

基于PSR模型的包头黄河湿地分区生态健康评价

在参考国内外湿地生态系统健康评价体系、包头黄河湿地现状和"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)模型的基础上,从人为压力、自然压力角度选取7个压力指标;从自然环境、生态特征、湿地功能等方面选取11个状态指标;在考虑了人类健康、法律法规、教育、管理等因素后选取7个响应指标,共选出25项指标,构建了包头黄河湿地的健康评价指标体系.根据包头黄河湿地各个片区的特殊性、差异性进行了分区域研究,由于各指标在不同片区指标之间的相对重要程度不一样,运用层次分析法分别计算各片区权重,然后,运用模糊综合评价法对包头黄河湿地5个片区及整个区域进行湿地生态系统健康评价.结果显示:包头黄河湿地生态系统的健康指数为0.587,处于亚健康状态.昭君岛片区处于健康状态,其他片区均处于亚健康状态.各片区健康指数排名次序为昭君岛小白河南海共中海敕勒川.湿地生态系统健康体现在压力、状态、响应三个方面综合效应上,退化湿地恢复要根据不同区域,不同类型的健康指数,采取不同的措施.     

大庆湿地生态安全评价指标体系的构建

大庆湿地主要包括保护区湿地、油田受损湿地、纳污泡沼湿地和排水干渠湿地等几大类别,以水体补给水及排水特点、影响生态安全的因素和湿地面临问题等为依据,根据大庆市的不同湿地类型的特点,采用P-S-R模型对大庆市不同类型湿地的生态安全评价指标体系进行构建.采用AHP法计算出各评价指标的权重,从而定量分析了各指标对大庆湿地生态安全影响的重要性.以指标层中与"压力"和"响应"相关的指标为依据,提出几点大庆湿地生态环境改善的对策.     

露天矿土质破坏程度评价博弈-可拓模型

为了解海州露天矿周边土质破坏情况,经过实地勘察和文献分析得出了土质破坏情况评价指标和等级,并提出了一种博弈-可拓模型对该问题进行评价.该模型利用可拓评价法确定评价指标体系并建立分级标准,得到经典域、节域和待评物元,确定关联函数;使用博弈论方法确定各指标权重;最后确定隶属等级.该算法优点在于:1可得到与相邻两个评价等级的趋近关系,以确定未来发展趋势;2可确定各因素指标的主观权重和客观权重.评价结果表明:海州露天矿土质破坏程度靠近Ⅱ级,且也略有向Ⅲ发展的倾向.     

基于非对称联系云的软土沉降等级评价模型

软土沉降等级评价受诸多边界模糊的、有限区间分布的不确定因素影响。文章基于集对论和云理论,提出一种能考虑指标区间边界模糊和非对称特点的土体沉降等级联系云评价新模型,即首先构建基于集对同异反分析的非对称联系云模型,以非对称定量统一描述软土沉降等级评价指标的模糊性及在分类间的转换态势,并结合指标权重综合分析样本与沉降等级间的确定度,以确定土体沉降等级。实例应用结果与现场观测结论及可拓评价结果的对比分析表明,该模型应用于软土沉降等级划分是有效可行的,且克服了传统云模型局限于指标为正态分布的缺陷。     

港口潜力评价模型构建——以福州港为例

为提升港口的竞争力,需要对港口的发展潜力进行评价。本文选取了影响港口发展的因素,构建港口发展潜力评价指标体系,将层次分析法（AHP）和多层模糊（Multi-LevelFuzzy）综合等级。选取福州港进行实证分评判相结合,确定各评价指标的权重,进而结合各指标相对各评价等级的隶属度,计算港口发展潜力的综合评价析,验证评价模型的正确性。     

基于主成分分析法的沥青路面使用性能评价

针对现有沥青路面使用性能综合评价中存在主观影响因素过多、权重确定复杂的问题,采用主成分分析法对河南省4条高速公路沥青路面使用性能的实测数据进行了评价,并与<公路养护技术规范>方法和灰色理论方法的评价结果进行了比较.结果表明:主成分分析法采用适当的主成分综合分析原始指标的信息,以各主成分的方差贡献率为权重,可以客观地确定各评价指标的权重,反映各指标对总体评价结果的影响;经线性加权求和得到的综合评价指标能够克服主观因素的影响,使沥青路面使用性能评价结果更加客观、可靠.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that