IGCC系统的Yong分析

应用热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律，通过一个具体的算例，给出了整体煤气化联合循环系统的较为具体的Ｙｏｎｇ分析方法。详细分析了系统各组成部件的Ｙｏｎｇ效率与Ｙｏｎｇ损率，给出了各处工质的较为重要的状态参数的确定方法、体现系统整体性的重要关系式和系统及其各组成部件的Ｙｏｎｇ效率、Ｙｏｎｇ损率的具体计算公式。     

升温吸收式热泵的分析

本文以热力学第一、二定律为基础,从能的“量”与“质”入手,研究分析了水/乙二醇升温吸收式热泵系统及单元设备的,用效率,(火用)损失,(火用)损产生原因及其影响因素。     

基于火用分析的太阳能热泵系统优化研究

该文以热力学第一、第二定律为指导,建立了非直膨式太阳能热泵系统各部件的火用模型。根据系统投入火用的特点,首次提出代价火用效率(即收益火用与代价火用之比)作为太阳能热泵系统的优化指标。将其应用于北京某别墅太阳能热泵系统优化设计分析中,获得此建筑太阳能热泵系统太阳能集热器面积与储水箱容积的最佳配比,计算结果表明优化后代价火用效率提高了15%。研究结果为该系统在设计和运行方面提供了一定理论依据。     

整体煤气化燃气蒸气联合循环的(火用)分析方法

利用热力学第二定律，从火用的角度出发，分析计算了整体煤气化燃气蒸气联合循环（ＩＧＣＣ）各组成部分的效能，考查了能量在其中的合理利用情况，系统地提出了一种应用于ＩＧＣＣ的火用分析方法．通过对一个ＩＧＣＣ电厂算例的计算，从火用效率和热效率两个角度对其进行了分析评定，找到了循环中的薄弱环节，对进一步提高ＩＧＣＣ循环的效率和性能具有指导意义．     

船舶柴油机系统火用分析模型建立及计算

为提高船舶总能系统效率,降低EEOI值,建立船舶柴油机系统火用分析模型,对柴油机系统各设备火用效率和火用损率进行计算,并结合实船运转参数计算分析.结果表明,柴油机燃烧室的火用效率最低、火用损率最大,是影响船舶能效水平提高的关键.     

三压再热汽水系统IGCC的数学模型

整体煤气化燃气 -蒸汽联合循环 (简称 IGCC)是洁净煤转化技术和高效联合循环系统相结合的发电技术。为进行 IGCC的系统理论建模和分析研究 ,以三压再热汽水系统为研究对象 ,组成了整体空分系统 IGCC系统方案 ,建立了气化炉、净化系统、燃气轮机、空分装置、余热锅炉、汽轮机各部件的数学模型 ;对两种方案的设计工况进行了计算。结论是 :整体空分 IGCC系统效率较高、空分装置集成度对于燃气轮机的功率和系统供电效率有很大影响。该研究为我国今后建立 IGCC示范电站做了理论准备工作     

论热力学第二定律分析法

本文以热力学第一、第二两大定律为主线,分析和论证了能量及其转化的实质,阐述了(火用)、(火无)、(火用)损失、熵产生和不可逆过程等一些节能理论中常用的重要的热力学基本概念,并从获取最大有用功的角度证明了任何热力过程的理论极限就是其相应的可逆过程,而(火用)正是可逆过程中物系所能作出的最大有用功。文中对两种典型的热力学第二定律分析法——熵分析法和(火用)分析法进行了较为全面的论述,归纳给出了(火用)分析法的所有基本要点,并将其与熵分析法进行了对比讨论。     

地热驱动有机朗肯-单级压缩制冷系统的热力学分析

建立了地热驱动有机朗肯-单级压缩制冷系统的热力学模型,根据热力学第一定律和第二定律,以系统性能系数和火用效率作为系统性能的评价指标,研究分别以R245fa,R123,R114,R141b作为循环工质时,地热流温度(发生温度)、凝汽温度和蒸发温度对系统性能的影响,并筛选出适用于中温地热能驱动的有机朗肯-单机压缩制冷系统最佳工质.计算结果表明,R141b综合性能最佳,根据典型工况下R141b作为循环工质时系统火用损的分布情况,在发生器和冷凝器处进行改进将大大提高系统的火用效率.     

也论“能级平衡”

本文论述了遵循热力学第一定律和第二定律的能级平衡(简称第二定律的能级平衡)。它是(火用)分析的发展,与(火用)分析完全一致。当只要了解用能的总情况而不需要各部分(火用)损的详情时,采用能级分析有它简明的优点。进行第二定律的能级平衡时,必须针对固定数量的能量平衡式,由此求得的能级差系数ξ_Ω才是真正衡量系统用能过程合理程度的质量指标。本文通过实例,说明了第二定律能级平衡的正确性。     

高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器 火用 分析

基于热力学第一、第二定律建立了高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器热力学模型。模型考察了系统各操作温度、循环倍率（Rf ）、溶液热交换器换热效率（Ef ）和系统温升（Tgl ）对系统火用性能（ECOP）、主要部件火用损失（Ed ）和总火用损失（Et ）的影响。结果表明,吸收器和再生器是整个系统火用损失最大的部件;ECOP随着再生温度、蒸发温度、吸收-蒸发温度和溶液热交换器换热效率增加而增加;随着吸收温度、冷凝温度、循环倍率和系统温升增加而减小。为了获得较好的系统性能,系统温升不应该超过72 K 。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.