甲醛和甲酸在Pt/Biad电极上的电催化氧化

研究甲醛和甲酸在Pt/Biad电极上的电催化氧化。结果表明,吸附铋原子可以通过几何效应阻止吸附毒性的生成,对甲醛和甲酸的氧化呈现出较好的电催化活性。此外,讨论了Bi(Ⅲ）离子浓度、介质等因素对Pt/Biad电极电催化活性的影响。     

甲酸在表面合金电催化剂上氧化的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

运用原位红外反射光谱(FTIRS)和电化学循环伏安法(CV)研究了甲酸在三种不同电极上的电催化特性．结果表明甲酸在碳栽铂电极(Pt／GC)上的电催化氧化机理与本体铂电极(I^3t)相类似，即可以通过活性中问体或毒性中间体氧化至CO2.Pt／GC对甲酸的氧化比Pt具有更高的电催化活性．Pt／GC表面以Sb吸附原子修饰的电极(Sb—Pt／GC)上，甲酸氧化的起始电位(Ei)提前至-0．10V，氧化电流峰电位(Ep)提前至0．34V，氧化峰电流(jp)值增加了7.28倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．30V同样，Surface alloy／GC电极上，E1为-0．12V、Ep为0．32V和jp为7．25mA／cm^2，相对Pt／GC分别负移了0.22V、0．02V和增大了8．15倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．5V．表明Sb—Pt／GC和Surface alloy／GC电极不仅能够有效地抑制毒性中间体CO的生成，而且还可以显著地提高其对活性中间体的氧化的电催化活性．     

Pt-Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化氧化动力学参数测定

Pt-Sn电极对甲醇、甲醛和甲酸的电催化氧化具有较高活性。采用循环伏安法测定了Pt电极和Pt-Sn电极上的电催化氧化的部分动力学参数及较浓有机小分子溶液的扩散系数。     

Pt—Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化反应机理分析

通过Pt-Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化氧化的循环伏安图的分析及每一吸附锡原子占据铂原子数的制定，结合文献资料，对Pt-Sn电极上甲醇、甲醛、甲酸的电催化氧化机理进行了分析。     

Sn／Pt[111]修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化

将Ｐｔ「１１１」电极分别浸在ＳｎＳＯ４、Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２、ＳｎＣＬ４溶液中，形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１」修饰电极对甲醇氧化的催化效果不一样，当浸渍溶液为Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２ａ或ＳｎＣｌ４时，在较高电势（０．８Ｖ以上），Ｓｎ有提高Ｐｔ「１１１」电极的电催化活性，当浸渍溶液为ＳｎＳＯ４时，Ｓｎ却表现出阻碍作用，研究中还发现，吸附了Ｓｎ的Ｐｔ「１１１」电极灼烧后表现出的催化活性超过浸渍形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１     

甲酸、甲醛、甲醇在铂微粒修饰聚苯胺电极上的氧化行为

采用循环伏安法研究PAN(Pt)电极在不同pH值、不同浓度的甲酸溶液中对甲酸的电催化氧化性能 .并考察了PAN(Pt)对甲酸、甲醛和甲醇的电催化氧化行为 ,发现PAN(Pt)电极对三者均有较高的电催化氧化活性 .它们的CV正向扫描峰值电位分别为 0 .2 8V、0 .75V、0 .70V ,峰值电流密度分别为 330 .4、878.6、735.7mA·cm- 2 .PAN(Pt)电极对甲酸电催化氧化体系的 pH值控制在 0 .7左右为宜 .在 0 .0 1～ 1.0mol·L- 1的甲酸浓度范围内 ,可用PAN(Pt)电极作传感器定量检测甲酸浓度 .     

Pt电极上Sb吸附原子对甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响

运用电化学循环伏安(CV)和电化学原位石英晶体微天平(EQCM)研究了Pt电极表面不可逆吸附Sb原子的电化学特性以及Pt电极上Sb吸附原子对0.1mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响.研究发现,当扫描电位的上限Eu≤0.50V(vs.SCE)时,Sbad可以稳定地吸附在Pt电极表面,饱和覆盖度为0.34;Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子能在较低的电位下吸附氧,可显著提高甲酸电催化氧化活性.与Pt电极相比较,Sb饱和吸附原子修饰的Pt电极使甲酸氧化的峰电流增加了近5倍.     

甲醛在聚苯胺载铂电极上的电催化氧化

通过电化学方法制备以金属钛为基体的聚苯胺载铂电极(Pt/PAn/Ti),并通过扫描电镜和循环伏安法对该电极进行表征.通过研究甲醛在该电极上的电催化氧化行为,考察该电极对甲醛的电催化氧化活性.结果表明:Pt/PAn/Ti电极对甲醛的电催化氧化作用与铂的沉积量有关;PAn的存在使得铂微粒分散程度更好,有效面积更大,与相同铂沉积量的Pt/Ti电极相比,甲醛在其上的正向扫描峰电流密度增加2.3倍,氧化峰电位负移40mV,反向扫描氧化峰电流密度增加5倍,氧化峰电位负移30mV;甲醛在Pt/PAn/Ti电极上正向扫描出现的氧化峰由液相传质过程控制,负向扫描的氧化峰由吸附行为控制.     

Pt电极上S吸附原子对甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响

运用电化学循环伏安(CV)和电化学原位石英晶体微天平(EQCM)研究了Pt电极表面不可逆吸附S原子的电化学特性以及Pt电极上S吸附原子对0．1mol^-1H2SO4溶液中甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响．研究发现，当扫描电位的上限Eu≤O．70V(SCE)时，Sad可以稳定地吸附在Pt电极表面；通过控制电位扫描上限和扫描圈数剥离部份S可方便地得到Sad的不同覆盖度；Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种，抑制了甲酸的电氧化．本文从表面质量变化提供了吸附原了电催化作用的新数据。     

α-呋喃甲醛直接电氧化合成α-呋喃甲酸

报道了在NaOH溶液中,以α-呋喃甲醛为原料,在Ni电极上直接电氧化制备α-呋喃甲酸.研究了Ni电极对α-呋喃甲醛电氧化反应的电催化活性及电流密度、α-呋喃甲醛浓度、NaOH浓度、温度对选择性和电流效率的影响.发现在α-呋喃甲醛浓度为30mmoL/L,电流密度为0.8mA/cm^2,NaOH浓度为0.25mol/L,反应温度为20℃的条件下,α-呋喃甲酸生成的电流效率为46.4%,选择性为79.9%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with