英语中的性别歧视现象及其变革

英语词汇及其使用在一定程度上反映了英美社会中存在的性别歧视现象，尤其表现在以man构成的合成词和用表示男性三人称单数的代词he，his，him，himself指代男女两性的用法上。在“女权运动”中，不少有识之士对这一现象进行了抨击，导致了英语在词汇上和三人称单数代词使用上的一些变革，打破了表示男性的词汇一统天下的局面。性别歧视现象正逐渐从英语中消失。     

I am not asleep

When a group of women got on the bus,every seat was already occupied(占据)．The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep,and feared he might miss his stop,he nudged(用肘轻推)him and said,“Wake up,sir!”“I am not asleep．”the man answered．“Not asleep?But you have your eyes closed．”“I know．I just hate to look at ladies standing up beside me in a crowded car．”     

“之”、“其”自称或对称的适用范围

文言指代词“之”、“其”可以指代人或事物,用在指代人时,除了表示第三人称之外,还可以表示第一人称或第二人称(我们称之为自称与对称)。这种用法,古汉语语法书上都说是“第三人称代词活用作第一人称或第二人称代词”。这种说法的本意很清楚,就是认为“之”、“其”用作第三人称是“本用”,而用于第一人称或第二人称,则是临时用法,因而称之为“活用”。这种说法,在教学上有方便之处,可以了解“之”、“其”在语句中指代不同的人称——这是从句法的角度考虑的。但是有了“吾”、“汝”等人称代词,却又把指代词“之”、“其”作为人称代词中的     

The Mean Man''''s Party

The notorious (声名狼藉的) cheap skate (吝啬鬼) finally decided to have a party.Explanining to a friend how to find his apartment(公寓),he said,“Come up to 5M and ring the doorbell     

Tragedies by Life ——A slight analysis of the main characters in Sons and Lovers

1. Introduction Traditionally, tragedies refer to those calamitous events with unhappy endings, which occur on a violent and vigorousscale. However, D. H. Lawrence expresses his own understanding of tragedy from a new angle, which adds a fresh color to itsoriginal definition. Frederick J. Hoffinan notes in his Freudianism and the Eiterary Mind: ...Tragedy for him (Lawrence)consists not in sentimental or significant dying, but in the inner war which is raged between people who love each other...'. As one of the disputable and distinguished novelists of the 20~(th) century, D. H. Lawrence succeeds in making a deep     

洋话连篇

Coincidence A woman was singing.One of the guests(客人)turned to a man by his side and criticized(批评)the singer. “What a terrible(可怕的)voice!”he said,"Do you kmowwho she is?”     

基于语料库的中国学生英语第三人称单数习得研究——以英语使役类动词为例

运用中国英语学习者语料库(CLEC),拟从中介语语法损伤的视角对中国学生英语第三人称单数习得进行研究。结果表明,中国学生对英语第三人称单数的使用表现为使用不足和过度使用,英语动词屈折词缀的缺失并不意味着中介语语法的损伤,而是由于中国学生没有完全掌握英语形态系统和句法系统之间的匹配规则以及来自汉语语言结构的干扰和语言外的影响。     

“It”用法

“It”的用法很多,在英语中经常遇到。但归纳起来不外乎有以下五种:一、“It”作人称代词;二、作指示代词;三、无人称代词(或非人称代词);四、先行词(或叫先行代词);五、构成强调句型。一、在句中作人称代词: 1)一般用来指代上文提及的无生命的事物,此种用法有复数形式“they”。     

Gregory Probert My Dream of A Healthcare Empire

In 2006,Gregory Probert just tumed forty nine years old.He is now the COO and President oi Herballfe,a US-based rnultinational nutritional supplement company which devel- ops weight management products. Mr Probed,acquiring a Master degree from the University of Southern Cahfomia and MBA from the State University of California,has been conesid- ered as a top businessman in the world band on his succees in the business realm.The US Stock Exchange Website says his salary is USD 750,000,what is more, his approximate income in 2005 climbed up to the amaz- ing USD 2 million. The company he works for has also created rounds of new historic miracles.This company focuses on weight management,nutritional supplement and per- sonal care,and has gained vital forces after undergo- ing the founder's sudden death,the temporary inac- tion of senior mangers and the fast decline in market shares.It was under the leadership of Gregory Probert and CEO Michael O.Johnson that per share of Herbalife soared from USD14 to USD30 and even to USD 40 after the company went public in New York Security Exchange in December 2004.“Business is never about boring statistics.It involves individual ambition and passion What qualification does a business leader who can turn failure into success actually needs?When he is changing the situation, what steps should he adopt?”Well-built Gregory Probert is gray-haired and deep- eyed Gregory Probert,wearing a gray suit and brown leather shoes was sitting in the sofa coyly.He looks younger than in pictures published in business magazines Being a personable person,his eyes also contain great leadership On November 13 having flown over the Pacific Ocean, Mr Gregory Probed shared his challenges in the past years and expectations for the future with Health & Wealth in the deluxe conference room in China Hotel in Guangzhou His views ior the health industry in the future have guided and led him to today's business philosophy.He reminded us continuously:“Although we keep taking the Liftoff,an energy drink of Herbalife”, what motivates him the most is a dream to build a nutri- tion and health empire,which means to turn the tri- leaf sign of Herbalffe into a Disney Mickey Mouse in terms of its qlobal reputation and influence. He did not want to share too much of his past and family with others.On the contrary,he talked a lot about Herbalife and Percy Chin who was promoted to be the Managing Di- rector of the Greater China region in July and about Percy's management team in China.Gregory Probert,who is so differ- ent from self-boasting business leaders, is a man of moderate nature and can share glory with colleagues and take care of distnbutors with sufficient respect.     

面向事件的中文指代语料库的构建

指代消解是自然语言处理中的关键和热点问题之一,而语料库的研究是指代消解研究中的基础性工作.在中文突发事件语料库(Chinese emergency corpus, CEC)的基础上,通过自动生成和人工标注的方法,构造一个面向事件的中文指代语料库.与传统指代语料库不同,该语料库针对的是以事件作为知识表示单元的文本,对事件中各要素和事件的指代进行标注,其构建对面向事件的中文指代消解的研究十分关键,提供了更多的资源支持.同时,对CEC中各事件要素和事件的指代进行了统计和分析,为今后的工作提供了一些铺垫.     

基于语篇表述理论的汉语人称代词的消解研究

人称代词的指代消解是自然语言处理中语篇理解的关键问题之一.语篇表述理论(DRT)独特的语篇表述结构(DRS)构造方法为指代消解提供了新的思路.本文在语篇表述理论的基础上,针对汉语书面语,提出一种面向语篇理解的汉语人称代词的指代消解方法,并在语篇表述结构的构造过程中实现汉语人称代词的指代消解.     

Wessex in Hardy’s Novel

Thomas Hardy is a novelist and poet, generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in English literature. Most of his novels take place in the "partly-real, partly-dream" county of Wessex (named after the Anglo-Saxon kingdom which existed in the area) and called Wessex Novel. It is regarded as the reflection of his hometown Dorset. His novel creation could be generally divided into three periods. The first period was romantic and pastoral; the masterpieces are Under the Green Tree and Far from the Madding Crowd. His second period mainly focuses on the social tragedy of Wessex, such as The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge .In the last period of his creation, he began to write the pessimistic fate of the villagers in Wessex, this could be seen through Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. From the evolution of Wessex we can know the English society in the 19th century as well as Hardy's love for his hometown and his individual philosophy.     

铜和酒石酸组成络合物的光学研究

在这一工作中,我们利用三种不同光学测量,根据连续变化法,验明了三种不同络合物的存在,得到互相符合的结果.三种络合物中,铜和酸的此为(a)2:1,(b)1:1,(c)1:2.如果用硫酸铜、酒石酸、氢氧化纳三项成分表示三种络合物的生成,我们可以看出.在咸性溶液中左旋的络合物(a)最为稳定,在中性或弱咸性溶液中,第二种络合物(b)为稳定,而在酸性溶液中,则只有第三种右旋络合物(c)存在.     

英语动词省略句和指代句的习得研究

英语和汉语中都存在动词省略句(VPE)和动词指代句(VPA),其先行分句的结构类型有主动、被动、名词、动词等八种形式,英汉的VPE和VPA有异同。对以汉语为母语的学习者习得英语VPE和VPA的研究发现:母语对二语习得有影响,基本差异假设是合理的,二语的最终习得可能实现。     

人称代词在自传中的人际功能英汉对比研究

运用韩礼德的语言纯理功能理论,以美国前总统克林顿的自传《我的生活》为语料,对其英汉版本中人称代词的绝对使用量和使用率进行对比,发现英语原文各类人称代词的绝对使用量均高于汉语译文对应的人称代词绝对使用量;而在英语原文中,第一人称单数代词和复数代词以及第三人称单数代词的使用率却低于汉语译文对应的人称代词使用率,说明英汉两种语言在使用人称代词表达人际功能方面存在习惯上的差异。但是,第一人称单数代词和第二人称复数代词的位次在英汉语中是一致的,说明英汉语言系统在这两种人称代词的使用习惯上是相似的。     

语义角色对事件相似度计算的影响研究

事件指代消解根据指代词的不同可以分为代词的事件指代消解和名词短语的事件指代消解。研究了语义角色对名词短语的事件指代消解系统的影响,根据SVM机器学习的方法进行英文事件的指代消解,通过在计算事件语义相似度的元组(语义角色)中加入时间和地点元素改进语义特征来提高事件指代消解系统的性能。Onto Notes 4.0语料库上的实验结果显示,引入改进的语义特征后,与基准系统相比系统的准确率和F值均有所提高。验证了时间和地点元素对事件指代消解的正面影响。     

Practical Encrypted Key Agreement Using Passwords

0 IntroductionWith rapid development on the Internet a user Bob caneasily access the networkto get some services fromaservice provider ,or toretrieve his sensitive private data storedinthe server previously.In that case,he has to establish se-cure session keys with remote servers . To verify the identity(IDfor short) of a user manyreal systems use password-basedauthenticated key exchange protocol . The fundamental prob-lems with passwords come from the fact that most users’passwords are dra…     

人称代词在自传中的人际功能英汉对比研究

运用韩礼德的语言纯理功能理论,以美国前总统克林顿的自传《我的生活》为语料,对其英汉版本中人称代词的绝对使用量和使用率进行对比,发现英语原文各类人称代词的绝对使用量均高于汉语译文对应的人称代词绝对使用量;而在英语原文中,第一人称单数代词和复数代词以及第三人称单数代词的使用率却低于汉语译文对应的人称代词使用率,说明英汉两种语言在使用人称代词表达人际功能方面存在习惯上的差异。但是,第一人称单数代词和第二人称复数代词的位次在英汉语中是一致的,说明英汉语言系统在这两种人称代词的使用习惯上是相似的。     

文学翻译的程序和原则

翻译是什么?Dr Johnson,给翻译定义为:“To translate is to change into omother language.netaingng as much of the sense as one can”.(翻译就是一种语言译成另一种语言,尽量保存其原意。)他又说:“A translatoc must te a master of two hanguages, ldis mactery must not te of the some sovt in toth tongues.tos his kwovolledge of the hoiaign tanguage must te cictiral while that of this ovon must he practical.”(翻译者必须通晓两种语言,对两种语言的通晓法不同,他对外语的知识必须是批评的,而对本族语的知识就必须是实用的。)Dr Iohneson所说的对外语知识要带批评性(critical),对本族语的知识,要能实际运用(practical),这就是翻译的原则,灵魂和指南,也是从事翻译工作者努力的方向。     

Construction of some hypergroups from combinatorial structures

Jajcay‘s studies( 1993 ; 1994) on the automorphism groups of Cayley maps yielded a new product of groups, which he called, rotary product. Using this product, we define a hyperoperation ⊙ on the group Syme (G) , the stabilizer of the identity e ∈ G in the group Sym (G) . We prove that ( Syme (G) , ⊙) is a hypergroup and characterize the subhypergroups of this hypergroup.Finally, we show that the set of all subhypergroups of Syme ( G ) constitute a lattice under ordinary join and meet and that the minimal elements of order two of this lattice is a subgroup of Aut (G) .