Unborn children (protection) bill

Enoch Powell's Unborn Children (Protection) Bill passed a second reading in the British House of Commons on 22 February 1985. The authors contend that most informed scientists are dismayed because, if enacted into law, the bill would criminalize the in vitro fertilization of any human oocytes except for purposes of "embryo insertion," and many promising avenues of research would be blocked. While the pro-life lobby maintains that the development of possible methods to cure genetic diseases does not require research on human embryos, Evans and McLaren cite scientific data to argue that such research is necessary to insure that embryos chosen for implantation are chromosomally normal, to study the etiology of chromosomal disorders and eventually develop therapies for them, to improve IVF procedures, and to develop new contraceptive techniques.     

Applied embryology: no surrogate British mothers

Beardsley reports on the British Medical Association's decision to caution its members against involvement in surrogate motherhood arrangements. The Association's recommendation, together with a House of Commons bill that would make it illegal for agencies to coordinate such arrangements, will likely prevent expansion of the surrogate mother industry in Britain. Concern for the well-being of children born as a result of surrogate pregnancies, as well as apprehension over potential legal difficulties, were behind the BMA's decision. The government's Warnock committee, studying this and other reproductive issues, could be influenced by the BMA's action.     

IVF: regulation or prohibition?

Britain's Parliament soon will vote on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill and the outcome will have a major impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) research in that country. The bill would set up a Statutory Licensing Authority to oversee IVF and other reproductive technologies and to license IVF research projects, unless Parliament votes to ban and criminalize such research. McLaren describes the benefits that can be expected from allowing licensed IVF research, and counters arguments for its prohibition. She urges scientists to make their positions on the upcoming vote clear to their Members of Parliament.     

Warnock's law

Regulatory aspects of the Warnock Committee's report on reproductive technologies are summarized. A licensing authority with "substantial lay representation" would license practitioners and approve experimentation. Artificial insemination by donor would become a regulated service, and resulting children would be legitimized. Surrogate motherhood services would be prohibited, but the licensed use of frozen embryos would be permitted. Legal rights of embryo ownership, disposal, and inheritance would also be provided for.     

宗教批判抑或政治批判--论鲍威尔批判哲学的基本立场

鲍威尔的批判哲学既是宗教的批判,也是政治的批判,但归根到底是宗教批判。这是由鲍威尔批判哲学的思辨性质所决定了的。鲍威尔批判哲学的双重立场使得宗教批判和政治批判呈现出交错的复杂局面,我们不能仅仅局限于马克思的原则性结论,而必须深入鲍威尔哲学的内部,客观公允地对待鲍威尔的批判哲学。只有这样,我们才能真正理解鲍威尔哲学对马克思哲学革命的逻辑重要性。     

Effects of ubiquitin-protea-some pathway on mouse sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization

Chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence patterns were used to study changes in the patterns B and AR of mouse sperm after incubation with reagents that would block the UPP. They were the monoclonal antibody against ubiquitinated proteins-UCP1; the polyclonal antibody against ubiquitin anti-Ub, and a special inhibitor against proteasome ALLN. Furthermore, we treated the capacitated sperm or the eggs with these reagents separately and tested whether the normal in vitro fertilization was blocked or not. Results illustrate that UCP1, anti-Ub, and ALLN have little effects on sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction,but they do inhibit fusion of mouse sperm with eggs, which suggests that UPP play an important role in mouse in vitro fertilization.``     

确定共轭向量的一种新方法—平行法

本文参照Powell直接法,提出了一种确定共轭向量的新方法。该方法能保证得到的共轭向量的线性独立性,而且所需要的一维搜索次数比Powell方法要少一半。在最优化运算中,该方法具有二次收敛性,一般说来,在运算速度上也比Powell方法要快一些。     

French influence on Britain

Jér?me Lejeune, the French geneticist who discovered the cause of Down's syndrome, is reported to have influenced British Members of Parliament in their vote to ban research on human embryos. Lejeune, brought to Britain to address Parliament by the anti-abortion lobby, said that embryonic research was unnecessary and would not add to knowledge about congenital defects, as argued in the Warnock Committee's report. Lejeune, who is a member of the French pro-life lobby, believes that embryos are persons and should not be subjected to experimentation. His current research concerns the chemical causes of congenital defects, which he predicts may be treatable with drugs in the future.     

不同种公牛精液对牛卵母细胞体外受精效果影响的研究

分别利用不同个体的海伏特、安格斯和荷斯坦种公牛精液进行体外受精，观察了不同品种不同个体种公牛精液的体外受精效果，利用五种海伏特种公牛精液进行体外受精后卵裂率为１７．６％～７４．７％，囊胚发育率为１．０％～３２．６％，不同个体间差异极显（Ｐ〈０．０１）。利用五种安格斯种公牛精液进行体外受精后卵裂率为３４．７％～８５．３％，囊胚发育率为６．２～４０．５％，不同个体间具极显差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。利用     

面向用户的产品结构明细表数据模型

为在保证精度的前提下实现明细表数据有效管理,在基于面向对象建模技术和约束网络理论的基础上,提出了采用通用明细表对产品数据进行管理,并通过约束网络实现从通用明细表到用户明细表的转换,实现了产品明细表的动态存储,减少了大部分的存储量．结果表明,通用产品结构明细表是变型产品设计数据管理的一种有效模式．     

体外受精过程中多精受精发生机制

对哺乳动物体外受精（IVF）过程中多精受精的发生原因进行了阐述，指出多精受精的发生是影响各种哺乳动物体外受精效率的重要原因，其中在猪和人的IVF中表现得尤为突出。大量研究表明，除了物种的特异性以外，不完全的卵母细胞胞质成熟、异常透明带、高精子浓度、受精培养基中不适当的添加物以及在受精过程中的其他一些异常因素都与多精受精密切相关。     

工程量清单计价模式存在的问题与对策

结合工程量清单计价模式在我国现阶段工程建设实施中的有关情况,分析其在合同条款,清单编制依据、编制质量,投标报价和评标等方面存在的不足,提出了健全适合国情的合同条款内容、重视施工图勘察设计深度和工程量清单编制质量、完善企业定额并建立切实可行的评标体系和信息联合发布机制等对策,使工程量清单计价模式更快更好地适应我国建设市场的发展。     

体外受精过程中多精受精发生机制

对哺乳动物体外受精(IVF)过程中多精受精的发生原因进行了阐述,指出多精受精的发生是影响各种哺乳动物体外受精效率的重要原因,其中在猪和人的IVF中表现得尤为突出。大量研究表明,除了物种的特异性以外,不完全的卵母细胞胞质成熟、异常透明带、高精子浓度、受精培养基中不适当的添加物以及在受精过程中的其他一些异常因素都与多精受精密切相关。     

消防支队票据管理系统的设计与实现

票据是消防工作中对收费对象明确收费项目以及收费标准、规范消防工作收费所使用的一种重要凭证,通过票据的使用,可以比较有效的规范消防专业领域各项收费,使消防收费体现出其本身的公开性、公平性,以便更好的接受社会监督。为此,本设计开发的消防支队票据管理系统实现了通用票据、往来票据等一系列消防专用票据的使用流程的系统化管理,基本解决了票据书写不规范、书写任务繁重、手工操作保密性差、效率低、容易引起银行营业部门和单位出纳人员之间的纠纷等系列问题,使得票据管理操作变得便捷可靠,同时大幅度提高了工作效率。     

新清单计价规范下政府投资建设项目建设单位工程造价风险控制与对策研究

建设部于2008年7月9日发布《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》GB50500-2008(08规范)。发、承包双方应承担的风险内容及风险范围相对于03清单规范有了较大的变化。本文把08工程量清单计价规范同03清单规范相比较,说明了发、承包双方所承担工程风险责任的变化,并讨论了对于政府投资建设项目而言,建设单位应对工程造价风险所应采取的对策。     

冷藏雄鼠尸体应用于小鼠运输及意外死亡后品系恢复的可行性

目的 基于小鼠尸体4 ℃冷藏不同时长后精子的体外受精(IVF)效率,探讨低温冷藏小鼠尸体应用于小鼠运输及意外死亡后品系恢复的可行性。方法 实验组为5月龄C57BL/6 J雄鼠,脱颈处死后4 ℃冷藏24、48、72 h和96 h,取附睾尾精子IVF,对照组为正常5月龄C57BL/6 J雄鼠IVF,统计各组IVF受精率。结果 冷藏24 h后附睾尾精子具备正常受精能力,受精率为73.0%、60.0%和77.0%;48 h 组内差异大,受精率为0%、55.4%和3.2%;72 h受精率极低,受精率为3.2%、0%和1.7%;96 h 精子有活力,但无受精能力。所有受精卵均可发育至2细胞,冷藏24 h组和对照组分别移植受体妊娠率分别为60%和66%,证明4 ℃冷藏对胚胎发育无影响。结论 C57BL/6J鼠经4 ℃冷藏的附睾尾,在24 h内具备稳定的受精率,可用于小鼠运输及特殊情况品系恢复。     

一个求解无约束优化问题的HS修正方法

给出了一个求解非线性无约束优化问题的新的共轭梯度类型公式,并证明了相应的方法在Powell再开始准则下具有充分下降性．文章最后给出了该方法的数值结果．     

一个新的共轭梯度类型方法

提出一种求解无约束问题的新的共轭梯度类型公式，与此相应的方法在强Wolfe线搜索和Powell再开始条件下满足下降条件，并且在适当的情况下具有全局收敛性质。     

票据有因无因论——从交易成本考量

从交易成本角度考量,票据本身就是节约交易成本而产生的制度创新。在不发达商品经济条件下,通过票据有因性保护交易安全就是节约了交易成本。在发达市场经济条件下,为了节约交易成本,润滑交易,促进票据流通,迫切需要以票据无因性为基础建立票据制度。我国《票据法》采有因性倾向规定,是不同部门、行业的利益集团立法博弈的结果,这种立法选择,阻碍了票据事业的发展,必须确立票据无因性的基础性地位,增强票据效力的确定性,尽可能降低票据交易成本。     

论票据信用的运行与票据信用商品化

本文从探讨“信用”对于票据的具体内涵入手,阐述了在传统票据运行中票据的“信用货币性”,详尽论述了“信用商品化”进程中票据信用的新发展,及对我国商业信用培育的促进,同时希望能就我国现行票据法律体系限制票据信用功能完善发挥之处提出初浅之见.