稀土改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

采用浸渍法制备La、Ce、Sm、Eu等稀土(RE)金属改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(RE/HZSM5),考察它们在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化性能.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)和氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对其物化性能进行表征,并讨论反应温度对La/HZSM-5催化性能的影响.结果表明:少量稀土引入不破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,只对表面酸性产生了较大的影响;表面酸量决定RE/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的性能,酸量的增大有利于乙醇转化率的提高;在不同稀土改性的催化剂中,2%La/HZSM-5的催化性能最佳,在反应温度240 ℃、55%原料乙醇、进料质量空速(WHSV)2.5 h-1的条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99.3%和98.6%.     

HZSM-5催化裂解抽余C5制备乙烯／丙烯

以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,在固定床反应器上进行抽余C5催化裂解制备乙烯/丙烯实验.考察了不同硅铝摩尔比的HZSM-5催化裂解抽余C5制备乙烯/丙烯的反应性能;用H3PO4浸渍法对HZSM-5进行改性,考察P改性对抽余C5催化裂解性能的影响,并采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对其进行表征.结果表明,硅铝摩尔比为50的HZSM-5具有较好的催化裂解抽余C5制乙烯/丙烯反应性能,该催化剂最适宜的工艺条件是0.1 MPa、550℃、液体质量空速为3 h-1、水/油(抽余C5)体积比为0.8;未改性HZSM-5(硅铝摩尔比为50)在最佳工艺条件下反应3 h,所得乙烯和丙烯总收率为43.43%,而P改性后的HZSM-5在相同条件下反应,乙烯和丙烯总收率可达47.30%,提高了3.87%;P改性不会破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,可调节分子筛的酸性,改善HZSM-5分子筛的催化裂解性能.     

HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及催化性能

以整体式堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,经预处理后涂覆HZSM-5分子筛,制备出含不同HZSM-5质量分数的HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用XRD和BET对催化剂的结构进行了表征,在常压微型固定床反应装置上评价催化剂的甲醇制烯烃反应性能,并考察了催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛的质量分数、反应温度、气体空速等与烯烃组成分布的关系。结果表明：HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂中仍保持HZSM-5分子筛的XRD特征衍射峰;催化剂的比表面积、孔体积随着HZSM-5质量分数的增加而增加;催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛质量分数为22.5%时具有最好的活性,在反应温度为380℃、气体空速为820mL/(g·h)的条件下,乙烯的选择性为35.22%,丙烯的选择性为30.95%。     

改性的高硅铝比的HZSM-5催化剂上甲苯与甲醇的择形烷基化制对二甲苯

成型后的不同硅铝比HZSM-5分子筛通过浸渍法合成了Si-La,Si-Mg-La和Si-Mg-P-La多组分复合改性的催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和低温N2吸附等手段对改性前后催化剂的孔道结构和酸性的变化进行了表征.在小型固定床上考察了催化剂在甲苯与甲醇烷基化反应中的性能.在反应温度为440℃,液质空速2h-1,甲苯(T)/甲醇(M)=2的条件下,高硅铝比的Si-Mg-P-La-modified A-200催化剂显示了最高的对二甲苯的选择性(87%以上),并且在测试时间内,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯的选择性基本不变.其性能明显优于低硅铝比的Si-Mg-P-La-modified A-28催化剂.     

水热处理的HZSM-5分子筛的孔结构及活性研究

采用X 射线衍射 (XRD)、红外光谱 (IR)、NH3 TPD、真空重量吸附、静态吸附容量法以及正己烷的裂化反应等方法系统地研究了不同温度下用 10 0 %水蒸气处理的HZSM 5分子筛 (硅铝比为 2 5 ,直接法合成 )的结构、酸性、吸附性能和催化裂化性能。研究结果表明 ,随着水热处理温度的升高 ,HZSM 5分子筛的结晶度虽有下降趋势 ,但变化不显著 ,水热处理温度对正己烷吸附量的影响也不大 ,这说明水热处理后HZSM 5分子筛的结构没有发生明显的变化 ;随着水热处理温度的升高 ,HZSM 5分子筛的比表面积减小 ,二次孔或中孔有增大趋势 ,酸中心数目减少 ,活性降低 ,但其活性稳定性却较高。     

HZSM-5分子筛硅铝比对催化氯甲烷偶联制备低碳烯烃性能的影响

采用硅铝比(n(SiO_2)/n(Al_2O_3))分别为25、38、50、80、200和300的HZSM-5分子筛作为催化氯甲烷偶联制备低碳烯烃(MeXTO)的催化剂,系统地考察HZSM-5分子筛的硅铝比、结构与表面性质对催化性能的影响。利用X线衍射仪(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)和O_2程序升温氧化(O_2-TPO)对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:随着硅铝比的增加,分子筛表面的中强酸酸量逐渐降低,酸强度也逐渐减弱,氯甲烷的转化率逐渐降低,而低碳烯烃的总选择性逐渐增大,催化剂的稳定性也逐渐增强,其中,硅铝比为80的HZSM-5分子筛因具有较适宜的表面酸强度和酸量,催化性能最优。在反应温度450℃、空速2.45 h~(-1)下,氯甲烷的转化率达到92.9%,低碳烯烃的选择性达78.3%,反应稳定性达28 h。     

HZSM-5载体对甲烷无氧芳构化反应影响

将不同物化性质的HZSM－5作为甲烷无氧芳构化反应催化剂的载体，系统研究了载体性质对反应的影响，研究发现，不同硅铝物质的量比的HZSM－5担载Mo催化剂具有不同的催化反应性能，在一定硅铝物质的量比范围内，随着硅铝物质的量比的降低，HZSM－5酸量增加，甲烷无氧芳构化反应甲烷转化率提高，表明HZSM－5对该反应起酸催化作用，载体酸性南是影响反应性能的主要因素。而HZSM－5结晶度对甲烷无氧芳构化反应影响不大。     

Hβ分子筛一步催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

以固体酸-Hβ分子筛为催化剂,较系统地研究了由松节油与乙酸一步合成乙酸松油酯的工艺条件.考察了浸渍条件、分子筛的硅铝比、反应温度、反应时间和反应物的配比对反应的影响.结果表明,在反应温度20℃、乙酸和蒎烯配比100∶15、反应时间24 h,以硅铝比60的Hβ分子筛为催化剂,蒎烯的转化率可以达到75.5%,乙酸松油酯的得率为22.8%.     

离子液体体系中ZSM-5分子筛催化环己烷氧化反应研究

以离子液体[emim]BF4为反应介质,叔丁基过氧化氢（TBHP）为氧化剂,考察了不同硅铝比（质量比,下同）ZSM-5分子筛对环己烷氧化反应的影响。结果表明：在离子液体[emim]BF4溶剂中,环己烷转化率随催化剂硅铝比的增大而减小,硅铝比为25的催化剂催化活性最高,环己烷转化率及产物总收率高达15.8%和15.3%。与传统溶剂丙酮和无溶剂相比,离子液体中HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的环己烷氧化反应活性。     

分子筛催化剂制备条件对催化转化NO的影响

采用浸渍法制备Cu_Na_ZSM_5催化剂 ,用C3H6 作还原剂 ,考察了贫燃条件下不同Cu2 +担载量、不同硅铝的量比和不同焙烧温度对Cu_Na_ZSM_5催化剂上选择还原NO的活性影响 ,并与Cu_SAPO_1 1、Cu_SAPO_34和Cu_Al2 O3进行比较 .实验结果表明 ,硅铝量比为2 5、担载Cu2 +的质量分数为 3%、 5 0 0℃焙烧制得的Cu_Na_ZSM_5分子筛催化剂具有较好的催化活性 ,反应温度为 350℃时 ,NO转化率高达 94. 3% .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~