带有安装时间和学习效应的供应链排序问题

考虑了机器带有安装时间和具有学习效应的单机供应链排序问题.在一条供应链系统中,有单个制造商和多个客户,不同的客户订购不同种类的工件,机器加工不同种类的工件前需要一个安装时间,且加工相同客户的工件时具有学习效应,即随着工件的加工后面工件的实际加工时间逐渐减小.完工的工件需要成批运输给相应的客户,每一批运输都有相应的时间和费用.目标是分别极小化加权最大配送时间、总配送时间、最大延迟时间与总运输费用的和.给出了相应的算法,并分析了算法的复杂性.     

有安装时间的单机排序问题

工件具有安装时间的排序问题最近几年受到越来越多的关注,主要讨论了一类有安装时间且与加工位置有关的单机排序模型。在该模型中,所有工件在机器上加工时,一次只能加工一个工件,工件的相邻加工工序之间不允许出现空闲,工件的实际加工时间不是一成不变的,它不仅与工件的基本加工时间有关,同时还与工件所处的加工位置有关,工件的安装时间是依赖于已加工工件的实际加工时间的简单函数,即p-s-d形式。对目标函数为极小化最大完工时间,极小化完工时间和以及极小化总完工时间差等问题进行讨论,分别给出了多项式算法和算法复杂性。还证明了对于目标函数为完工时间,提前完工时间以及误工时间的加权和最小化问题是多项式可解的。     

产品中有多个工件时加权情况下的排序问题

本文考虑的是工件在单台机器上加工随后组装成产品的下述排序问题：ｎ个产品各由一特殊工件和ｍ个共同工件组成，这ｍ个共同工件分属ｍ个不同的共同工件类，所有的工件在同一台机器上加工，机器在加工一组第ｉ类共同工件前需时间ｓｉ〉０（ｉ＝１，２，．．．ｍ），一组共同工件中任一工件的完工时间为其所在组中的全部工件完工时的时间，产品的完工时间为其特殊工件和所有共同工件均完工时的时间，目标是适当排列工件加工序使ｎ个产     

重加工具有退化与学习现象的单机批排序问题

本文对同一台机器下次品工件可重加工生产的问题进行研究。工件要求成批加工,每批包括连续加工的两个子批。第一子批的工件加工后,一部分工件是按照要求得到的优良品,另一部分工件是次品。次品的工件接着在第二子批重加工,而次品工件在等待重加工时会产生退化与学习现象,加工完成后得到的工件是优良品。同一子批的工件同时完工,工件的完工时间是该子批中最后一个工件的完工时间。假设每批生产的工件次品率是相同的。每一批工件开始加工和重加工时都有安装时间。目标函数是使总安装时间,重加工和库存持续费用最小,并且优良品工件的需求得到满足。对于该问题的一般情形给出了动态规划算法。接着当批工件的完工时间和批的规模满足一致关系,给出多项时间算法。     

恶化工件具有p-s-d安装时间的非同类机排序

主要讨论了恶化工件具有p-s-d安装时间的非同类机排序问题.工件的实际加工时间与开工时间有关,安装时间是依赖于所在机器上已加工完的工件的加工时间的简单函数,即p-s-d形式.本文所考虑的问题是如何确定工件在非同类机上的加工顺序使得所有工件的总完工时间最小.在每台机器上加工的工件数确定的情况下,将该排序问题转化为一个指派...     

重加工具有退化与学习现象的单机批排序问题

本文对同一台机器下次品工件可重加工生产的问题进行研究。工件要求成批加工,每批包括连续加工的两个子批。第一子批的工件加工后,一部分工件是按照要求得到的优良品,另一部分工件是次品。次品的工件接着在第二子批重加工,而次品工件在等待重加工时会产生退化与学习现象,加工完成后得到的工件是优良品。同一子批的工件同时完工,工件的完工时间是该子批中最后一个工件的完工时间。假设每批生产的工件次品率是相同的。每一批工件开始加工和重加工时都有安装时间。目标函数是使总安装时间,重加工和库存持续费用最小,并且优良品工件的需求得到满足。对于该问题的一般情形给出了动态规划算法。接着当批工件的完工时间和批的规模满足一致关系,给出多项时间算法。
     

带有维修区间与退化效应的单机排序问题

讨论带有安装时间、维修区间和退化效应的单机排序问题。在排序中,工件是成组加工的,且在组内工件加工是不可中断的。在每组间需要维修活动与安装时间,其中安装时间是之前工件实际加工时间之和的线性函数。假设维修活动使机器恢复到最初的状态,维修活动的长度是前一组工件实际加工时间的线性函数。工件的实际加工时间与工件所在的组、工件在组内的位置有关,工件在加工过程中会产生退化效应,退化率为非减函数。考虑了工件的实际加工时间与组和位置有关、只与位置有关2个问题,分别给出了2个问题的多项式算法,并给出了数值例子。目标是找到工件的最优排序与维修活动的数量、极小化最大完工时间,并证明了该问题在多项式时间内是可解的。     

并行加工的完工时间

 p台机器完成加工n项任务所需要的时间称为这n项任务的完工时间.首先引入一种参数,即膨胀系数,并设计出一种加工n项任务的算法,然后分别讨论n项任务全都平均分成p份或者全都不分时被p台机器按所设计算法加工的完工时间.     

同时带有安装时间和送出时间的单机排序问题

在实际生产,如钢铁和冶金工业生产过程中,工件在加工之前需要预热或安装必要的夹具和固定装置,在加工之后工件需要进行冷却处理等,也就是工件在进行加工时常常带有安装时间和送出时间。讨论带有学习效应、安装时间和送出时间的单机排序问题。在这一模型中,工件的实际加工时间是与工件的基本加工时间和工件的实际加工位置相关的一般函数。工件的安装时间和送出时间均依赖于已加工完的工件的实际加工时间,即p-s-d形式。目标函数分别为最大完工时间、总完工时间、加权总完工时间、总延误时间、最大延误时间和最大延迟时间,提出了上述问题的最优排序规则。     

有限制条件的单台机器的排序问题

根据给定n个工件在一台机器上加工时工件间的先后关系 ,定义了一个n个顶点的有向图D ,简化图D得排序图D ,通过穷举图D 的顶点的拓扑序列 ,搜索出了n个工件完工时间之和最小、机器加工完n个工件总时间最少和延误损失最少的加工顺序 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.