凹模裂纹的成因及其防止措施

对120 mm×80 mm×15 mm报废的CrWMn钢凹模取样,通过硬度检测、烧伤检查、显微组织观察、工艺试验等试验方法,分析了CrWMn钢凹模裂纹形成的淬火温度过高、严重回火不足、磨削工艺不当等原因.在此基础上,提出了选择适当淬火温度和冷却速度、均匀加热、充分回火、合理磨削等防止措施.     

Cr12MoV钢拉深凹模热处理工艺的改进

某公司采用拉深凹模生产汽车车门内板,其材料为Cr12MoV钢,热处理工艺为1030℃淬火和220℃回火,在使用过程中拉深凹模容易开裂。为此,采用金相分析和性能测试的方法,分析Cr12MoV钢拉深凹模的热处理工艺,测定不同温度淬火和回火后的硬度和冲击韧性,最终确定出满足性能要求的最佳淬火与回火温度。结果表明,Cr12MoV钢经1030℃淬火与220℃回火后韧性低,导致拉深凹模开裂。而在980℃淬火和240℃回火处理,可以获得较高的硬度以及良好的韧性。建议该公司对拉深凹模采用980℃淬火和240℃回火处理,减少其开裂,延长其使用寿命。     

球化退火对CrWMn钢组织与性能的影响

CrWMn钢为冷作模具钢,要求具有高的硬度、耐磨性以及韧性。其最终热处理通常为淬火和低温回火。为了改善切削加工性能,在最终热处理前需要进行球化退火处理。本文对CrWMn钢分别进行常规球化退火、等温球化退火和循环球化退火处理,然后再进行淬火和低温回火处理。比较其最终热处理后的组织,硬度和冲击韧性的大小。结果表明,CrWMn钢经过常规球化退火,淬火和低温回火处理后具有较高的硬度,但是冲击韧性较差。而采用循环球化退火,淬火和回火后会得到综合的机械性能。实验结果对于制定热处理工艺,优化工艺参数,都具有一定的指导意义。     

热处理工艺对38CrMoAlA钢组织与性能的影响

 通过热处理工艺试验研究了38CrMoAlA钢不同淬火温度、冷却方式和回火温度对38CrMoAlA钢微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在900—1000℃淬火温度范围内,淬火温度对该钢的力学性能影响不大。不同的冷却方式因淬火介质的冷却强度不同,导致淬火后的组织不同,从而影响该钢的力学性能。回火温度对该钢的力学性能的影响较为显著,100—400℃范围内回火表现出回火脆性,在620℃回火能得到较好的强韧配合。该钢采用940℃,1h,油冷620℃,5h,油冷的热处理工艺时,可获得适宜的力学性能。     

高速磨削加工的残余硬度

研究了淬硬钢回火硬度与回火温度的关系．建立了回火硬度与回火温度关系的回火效应模型。磨削热导致回火引起淬硬钢磨削后表面硬度变化。通过合并磨削热模型和回火效应，可以预测工件磨削后的表面硬度变化。进行了45^#钢的高速磨削试验．研究了工件速度和磨削深度对磨削后表面硬度的影响。试验值与预测值能够较好吻合。     

亚温淬火及回火工艺对E550级船板钢组织和性能的影响

以E550级超高强度船板钢为研究对象,采用SEM,TEM分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究了亚温淬火时宽回火温度范围内微观组织和力学性能的演变规律.研究结果表明,试验钢在820℃淬火后由板条马氏体和18.8%体积分数的准多边形铁素体组成.随回火温度升高,马氏体板条逐渐分解转变为回火屈氏体和回火索氏体,其中Fe_3C由薄片状转变为球状,并不断粗化;铁素体板条的位错密度下降,最终再结晶成为等轴晶粒.上述变化导致材料强度下降,伸长率和低温韧性提高.试验钢经820℃淬火和440~600℃的宽温度范围回火后具有优异的强韧性,力学性能与调质处理(930℃淬火和600~670℃回火)的试验钢相当,可显著节省热处理工艺成本.     

5NiCrMo低温钢QLT热处理工艺研究

研究了5NiCrMo低温钢的淬火+临界淬火+回火(QLT)热处理工艺,分析了回火温度对该钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢经QLT热处理后,形成了回火马氏体、-铁素体与逆转变奥氏体的混合组织。560-640℃回火时,随温度提高,屈服强度降低,100℃冲击功先升高、在620℃回火时达到峰值后降低。深冷后保留的逆转变奥氏体显著影响试验钢的低温韧性。拉伸和冲击性能均满足要求的回火温度是600-620℃。     

淬火后回火温度对50Mn钢力学性能的影响

50Mn中碳钢属优质碳素结构钢,常用于石油套管接手、轴齿轮、齿轮、摩擦盘、花键轴等,其热处理工艺通常是淬火回火[1].不同温度回火将影响钢的金相组织,使钢得到不同的强度、塑性和韧性的配合.本研究选择880℃淬火后300、400、500、600、670 ℃等不同温度回火,分别进行拉伸、冲击和韧断试验,探讨不同回火温度对50Mn钢力学性能的影响.     

热处理对H13钢组织性能的影响

H13是一种新型热作模具钢,它常用作了挤压模、铝合金压铸模和塑料膜,使用温度≤600℃时期寿命远高于3Cr2W8V,还可用于冷挤凹模、冷挤钢管环形模,是冷热皆宜的模具钢。H13(4Cr5MoSiV1)的韧性和塑性明显优于其它H型钢,本文利用扫描电镜及透射电子显微镜研究了锻造退火后淬火、回火工艺对钢组织和性能的影响。     

不同热处理工艺下H13钢组织性能的变化

文章通过热处理工艺参数的变化研究了H13钢组织结构及力学性能的变化规律.试验结果表明,H13钢经过1050℃淬火、600℃2次回火后获得良好的力学性能,伸长率达到7.55%左右,抗拉强度达到1340 MPa;淬火温度高于1080℃后,奥氏体晶粒明显长大,淬火冷却后晶粒不均匀;回火次数2次最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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