采用有限元仿真研究TiN和Ti-Si-N的力学性能特点

利用有限元的非线性算法对一个TiN表面和一个Ti-Si-N纳米复合表面的压痕测量实验曲线进行仿真拟合,并对它们的力学性能进行比较分析.论文介绍该三维有限元仿真过程的各个步骤,重点说明如何通过计算求取与实验的载荷-位移曲线相对应的应力-应变关系,以及通过有限元仿真得到TiN样品和Ti-Si-N样品的屈服极限.经过仿真得到TiN表面和Ti-Si-N表面的硬度分别为21.319GPa和39.874GPa,与实测值21.4GPa和41.8GPa很接近.该研究结果证明此计算材料应力-应变关系和求取屈服极限的方法是可行的.通过仿真得到Ti-Si-N纳米复合表面的屈服强度为24GPa、TiN表面的屈服强度为12GPa.     

Mg-6Al-1Sn合金板材的微观组织与力学性能

通过对Mg-6Al-1Sn合金(AT61)进行挤压以及后续的单道次大应变量轧制变形,获得了高强塑性的新型变形镁合金板材.组织分析表明AT61合金中主要析出相为Mg17Al_(12)相和Mg2Sn相,挤压态合金经轧制之后晶粒都被细化,合金强度显著提高.随着应变量的增加,晶粒尺寸先显著降低后有所上升,屈服强度变化规律与晶粒尺寸变化规律一致.经过250℃下的单道次约56%大应变量轧制变形后晶粒尺寸细化最明显(约为4.18μm),合金的屈服强度约为196 MPa,抗拉强度约为294 MPa,延伸率约为26.7%,表现出最优的综合力学性能.     

钨含量和颗粒形状对钨合金力学性能的影响

采用MTS810材料疲劳实验系统,开展了不同粒径91钨合金材料的准静态单轴拉伸实验研究,获得了材料的应力应变曲线和静态力学性能参数。在此基础上,建立了能够反映钨合金材料宏微观特征的计算模型,数值计算了不同颗粒形状、不同钨含量合金材料在准静态拉伸载荷作用下的力学性能。得到了其整体的应力应变曲线以及钨合金屈服强度与钨合金微观参量之间的关系。并分析了钨合金材料的内部应力和应变场。结果表明:计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,随着钨含量的增加,钨合金的屈服强度增加,但其延伸率均降低;随着长径比的增加,钨合金的屈服强度有所增加,且随着长径比的增加,屈服强度的增加变得缓慢。为进一步钨合金材料性能的研究提供了重要的指导作用。     

稀土对Al-Zn-Mg合金力学性能和应力腐蚀的影响

将0.06%稀土加入到Al-Zn-Mg合金中, 固溶处理后在150 ℃下时效. 在峰时效条件下 , 观察稀土对其力学性能和抗应力腐蚀断裂性能的影响. 结果表明, 稀土的加入使硬度峰值出现的时间提前, 并使硬度峰值、 屈服强度、 抗拉强度、 延伸率和抗应力腐蚀断裂的能力增加. 金相观察和X射线衍射结果表明, 稀土的加入减小了晶粒尺寸, 促进了强化相MgZn₂的析出, 此外稀土还能够明显减少合金中的 氢含量.     

尺寸效应下的紫铜薄板力学性能试验研究

通过对0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mm厚的T2紫铜薄板在不同温度(450、650和850℃)下的热处理,获得不同的晶粒尺寸的试样,并采用数字图像相关性(DIC)方法对单向拉伸试验中的变形进行了测量,获得了相关力学性能参数(屈服强度、抗拉强度、最大均匀应变和断裂应变)与晶粒尺寸和板料厚度之间的关系.实验结果表明:所考察的退火T2紫铜薄板的力学性能参数均表现出明显的尺寸效应,抗拉强度、最大均匀应变和断裂应变均随材料厚度的减小或晶粒尺寸的增大而减小,且与厚度晶粒尺寸比呈近似指数关系.     

合金元素对316 LN 不锈钢的力学性能和点蚀性能的影响

研究了N、Cr、Mo和Ni四种合金元素含量的变化对核电主管道用固溶态316LN不锈钢的晶粒尺寸以及常规力学性能和点蚀性能的影响.随着N含量的升高,316LN的晶粒明显细化,其在固溶处理过程中晶粒长大趋势也减小. N含量的升高可改善316LN的力学性能和耐点蚀性能,但是当N质量分数达到0.20%时,其耐点蚀性能又开始变差.晶粒细化对316LN强度的影响远小于N含量对316LN强度的影响. Cr及Ni含量对316LN的晶粒尺寸及抗拉强度、屈服强度等力学性能影响不大;Cr含量增加可轻微改善316LN的抗点蚀能力,Ni元素对316LN的耐点蚀性能影响不大,但可增大钝态的腐蚀速度从而不利于钝化膜的稳定.随Mo含量增加,316LN的晶粒尺寸略有减小,强度增大,延伸率显著降低,耐点蚀能力改善.     

底材厚度对铝热反应熔化制备的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料的组织和性能的影响

通过铝热反应熔化方法在厚度为5~15 mm的铜底材上制备块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)研究材料的晶粒尺寸,研究材料室温压缩下的力学性能和硬度.结果表明,所制备材料的晶粒尺寸均约为20nm,且晶粒尺寸随底材厚度的增加而增加.底材厚度为5 mm时纳米晶Fe3Al材料的屈服强度和硬度具有最大值,随着底材厚度的增加,屈服强度和硬度急剧减小,最后趋于稳定.5 mm时纳米晶Fe3Al材料的屈服强度约是10mm时的1.5倍.     

超低温下钢筋单轴受拉时的应力-应变关系

按照《金属材料低温拉伸试验方法》(GB/T13239—2006)的要求制作拉伸试件,对3种钢筋(热轧带肋钢筋HRB335、HRB400和热轧细晶粒钢筋HRBF400)共84根试件在-180℃~-80℃温度下的力学性能进行单轴受拉试验,研究低温下钢筋力学性能的变化规律.结果表明,随着温度的降低,钢筋的应力-应变曲线形状及极限应变基本不改变,但屈服平台长度、屈服强度、极限强度、强化应变增加.根据试验结果,给出了低温下钢筋屈服强度、极限强度、强化应变等力学特征值随温度的变化规律,进而可建立超低温下钢筋的应力-应变关系.     

热处理对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材进行退火处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,镁合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,力学性能略有提高然后降低;退火时间对镁合金晶粒尺寸影响不大;在300℃下退火1 h后板材性能达到最佳,抗拉强度为255 MPa,屈服强度为170 MPa,延伸率为24%;经过热处理后镁合金断裂方式为准解理断裂和韧性断裂的复合形式.     

GFRP筋拉伸力学性能尺寸效应试验研究

通过试验研究不同直径玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)的力学性能,并采用基于材料强度Weibull分布的最弱链理论分析其尺寸效应.试验结果表明,GFRP筋极限抗拉强度、抗拉弹性模量和极限延伸率随着直径增大而下降,而屈服应变变化规律则相反.通过试验分析,建立考虑直径变化的GFRP筋应力应变关系及其相关参数同直径的关系;提出了不同直径GFRP筋极限抗拉强度fDtu计算公式.基于最弱链理论分析,得出GFRP筋尺寸效应的主要影响因素是试件的有效区体积.研究表明,GFRP筋拉伸力学性能具有明显的尺寸效应;采用最弱链理论进行尺寸效应分析是可行的,能够预测不同GFRP筋强度,确定其抗拉强度标准值,有助于统一GFRP筋试件的有效长度取用标准,并建议长度范围为试件直径的30~40倍.     

High temperature tensile properties,fracture behaviors and nanoscale precipitate variation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

In order to assess Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys as potential high temperature structural materials,the hardness,tensile properties and fracture behaviors of 7085 Al alloy were investigated at various temperatures from room temperature to 175℃.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the evolutions of precipitates at different temperatures,particularly on the relationship between microstructural evolution and tensile strength.The results reveal that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are quite sensitive to the environmental temperature.As the temperature increases,the hardness and strength decrease while the elongation and reduction of area increase.As tensile testing temperature rises,the strain hardening exponent(n) decreases due to the thermal softening effect.The fracture mode of the alloy transforms from mixture of intergranular and transgranular fracture to completely transgranular dimples when tensile testing temperature reaches 150℃.The precipitate sequence during high temperature tests is coincident with that of aging.With the increase of tensile testing temperature,the mean precipitate radius grows larger,and the distribution of grain boundary precipitates transforms from continuous to discontinuous.     

双级过时效工艺对7050铝合金力学性能的影响

双级过时效是优化工业化大尺寸7050铝合金锻件综合性能的有效手段。对7050铝合金锻件进行双级过时效处理,研究第二级时效时间对其组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着第二级时效时间的延长,晶界处析出相逐渐粗化,并由连续分布转变为断续分布,合金的硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度随之降低,伸长率与断裂韧性逐渐升高,并且拉伸及断裂韧性测试样品的断裂模式从沿晶断裂向韧窝型断裂转变。当第二级时效时间延长至一定程度时,合金力学性能趋于平稳。为通过双级过时效工艺调控7050铝合金锻件的综合力学性能提供了研究基础和理论指导。     

Mg和Si质量比对6系铝合金性能的影响

6系铝合金中Mg和Si元素是主要强化元素,其中Mg和Si质量比是其成分配比中的重要参数。通过对材料微观组织、力学性能、导电性和韧性进行测试和分析,研究Mg和Si质量比对6系铝合金组织形貌和性能的影响。研究结果表明：随Mg和Si质量比的增加,6系铝合金组织中粗晶层厚度与析出相的尺寸均减小,屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度均小幅度降低,电导率呈上升趋势,同时抗裂纹性能逐渐提高;当比值为1.30时,屈服强度为278 MPa,抗拉强度为300 MPa,维氏硬度为97.6 ,电导率可达51.86 %IACS,压溃裂纹长度约为10 mm,承受的载荷最大,吸收功最大,压溃性能最好。     

交叉轧制对TA1钛箔材组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和室温拉伸试验研究了交叉轧制对TA1钛箔材组织和性能的影响。结果表明：交叉轧制后,晶粒尺寸减小,组织更加均匀。拉伸测试表明：采用交叉轧制后,塑性升高,强度、各向异性和横向屈强比均显著降低。屈服强度与晶粒尺寸的关系遵循Hall—Petch公式。交叉轧制后,σ₀值显著降低,K值为正值。普通轧制后,σ₀值较高,K值都为负值。     

Damage prediction of 7025 aluminum alloy during equal-channel angular pressing

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a prominent technique that imposes severe plastic deformation into materials to enhance their mechanical properties. In this research, experimental and numerical approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanical properties, strain behavior, and damage prediction of ECAPed 7025 aluminum alloy in various conditions, such as die channel angle, outer corner angle, and friction coefficient. Experimental results indicate that, after the first pass, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness magnitude are improved by approximately 95%, 28%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared with the annealed state, mainly due to grain refinement during the deformation. Finite element analysis shows that the influence of die channel angle is more important than that of outer corner angle or friction coefficient on both the strain behavior and the damage prediction. Also, surface cracks are the main cause of damage during the ECAP process for every die channel angle except for 90°; however, the cracks initiated from the neighborhood of the central regions are the possible cause of damage in the ECAPed sample with the die channel angle of 90°.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the micrograined hypoeutectic Zn–Mg alloy

A biodegradable Zn alloy, Zn–1.6Mg, with the potential medical applications as a promising coating material for steel components was studied in this work. The alloy was prepared by three different procedures: gravity casting, hot extrusion, and a combination of rapid solidification and hot extrusion. The samples prepared were characterized by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Vickers hardness, tensile, and compressive tests were performed to determine the samples’ mechanical properties. Structural examination reveals that the average grain sizes of samples prepared by gravity casting, hot extrusion, and rapid solidification followed by hot extrusion are 35.0, 9.7, and 2.1 μm, respectively. The micrograined sample with the finest grain size exhibits the highest hardness (Hv = 122 MPa), compressive yield strength (382 MPa), tensile yield strength (332 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (370 MPa), and elongation (9%). This sample also demonstrates the lowest work hardening in tension and temporary softening in compression among the prepared samples. The mechanical behavior of the samples is discussed in relation to the structural characteristics, Hall–Petch relationship, and deformation mechanisms in fine-grained hexagonal-close-packed metals.     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium(Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium(Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg_(12)Zn(Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium (Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium (Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg₁₂Zn (Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.     

HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋焊接性能

国内某厂通过铌微合金化和控冷工艺开发试制HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、闪光焊接、疲劳试验机及力学性能测试,对HRB500E钢筋焊接样力学性能、HV5硬度、金相显微组织、焊接接头强度及疲劳强度进行了试验研究。结果表明:焊接前后焊件和母材强度变化小于5 MPa,强度变化不大,焊件拉伸断口远离焊缝,为延性断口,焊接性能良好;在焊接热循环作用下,焊接接头焊缝、热影响粗晶区、热影响细晶区的表层和芯部经历奥氏体化后再结晶,其组织和硬度变化不大;混晶区至母材表层和芯部则经历不完全奥氏体化后的再结晶,母材芯部组织为F+P+B、表层组织为S,表层硬度HV5高于芯部硬度30 HV5,其组织和硬度变化较大;焊接接头的抗拉断负荷从焊缝到混晶区逐渐减小,焊缝和热影响粗晶区的抗拉断负荷比母材的高;采用国际焊接学会推荐的FAT75疲劳设计曲线对钢筋焊接接头疲劳强度设计是安全的。