Roles for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 in the generation of allocytotoxic T cells in the primary and secondary responses in vitro

Roles for interleukin-2(IL-2) and IL-4 in the generation of murine allocytotoxine T lymphocytes (allo-CTL) in the primary and secondary responses were studied in vitro. The generation of allo-CTL in the primary response was inhibited by anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), but was not inhibited by anti-IL-4 mAb. On the other hand, the generation of allo-CTL in the secondary response was partially inhibited by either anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4 mAb, and it was almost completely inhibited by the combination of two mAbs. CD8⁺ cell-depleted splenocytes produced IL-2, but not IL-4, in response to alloantigens in the primary response, and these cells produced both IL-2 and IL-4 in the secondary response. Both exogenous IL-2 and IL-4 induced functionally active allo-CTL in the primary response from CD4⁺ cell-depleted splenocytes when these cells were stimulated with T cell-depleted allogeneic cells. These results suggest that the allo-CTL induction in the primary response is IL:-2-dependent and secondary allo-CTL induction is both IL-2 and IL-4-dependent, because unprimed CD4⁺ T cells produce IL-2, but not IL-4, whereas primed cells produce both IL-2 and IL-4 in response to alloantigens.     

The generation of the superoxide radical by 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine (DMPH4)

Zusammenfassung Es werden neue Befunde beigebracht, die für die Bildung von Superoxyd-Radikal durch DMPH₄, ein biologisch wichtiges Pterinderivat, sprechen.

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This work was supported by the Clinical Research Center for Parkinsons and Allied Diseases and USPHS Grant No. NS-05184.     

In vitro morphological characterization of the bursal reticuloepithelial (REp) cells of chicken.

The REp cells of the bursa follicle medulla of chicken were isolated in vitro. Culture of the REp cells was maintained over a period of 10 days and the cells were observed at 3 and 10 days by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence. The use of an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody confirmed their epithelial nature. TEM observations showed the presence of desmosomes and tonofilaments, which are characteristic of epithelial cells. Furthermore, to some extent the cells regenerated in vitro the network they form in vivo. Though the growth rate becomes slower with time, the features of the REp cells do not significantly change.     

Composition and efficacy of iodothyronine immunogens and host responsiveness in radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serum thyroxine (T4)

Summary An immunogen was prepared consisting of iodinated and thyroxylated bovine thyroglobulin which on theoretical and practical grouds was highly specific for thyroxine; a rabbit antiserum derived from it fell within limits for RIA specification under conditions wherein a T4-BSA immunogen product was inactive.     

Antihypertensive and other cardiovascular effects of 2-(3-pyridyl)- and 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles.

2 new 4-trifluoromethylimidazole derivatives were found which lowered mean arterial pressure in renal and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats by the oral route. In SH rats, compounds A and B were 0.1 and 0.3 times, respectively, as potent as hydralazine. No tolerance development was observed in SH rats with either compound over a 1-week period. In anesthetized dogs, both compounds lowered arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance but increased cardiac output. By intraarterial administration, both compounds increased femoral arterial blood flow. These findings represent discovery of a new class of vasodilator durgs.     

Long-term depression of two primary immune responses induced by a single dose of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC)

Summary 2 primary immune responses (anti-SRBC antibody response and allograft rejection) have been tested in mice at various time intervals after single doses of either DTIC or cyclophosphamide. The DTIC-induced immunodepression proved to be extremely long-lasting, being still detectable after 2 months.This work was supported by Project NO1-CB 64054 of the U.S.-Italy Cooperative Science Program.     

Antihypertensive and other cardiovascular effects of 2-(3-pyridyl)- and 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles

Summary 2 new 4-trifluoromethylimidazole derivatives were found which lowered mean arterial pressure in renal and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats by the oral route. In SH rats, compounds A and B were 0.1 and 0.3 times, respectively, as potent as hydralazine. No tolerance development was observed in SH rats with either compound over a 1-week period. In anesthetized dogs, both compounds lowered arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance but increased cardiac output. By intraarterial administration, both compounds increased femoral arterial blood flow. These findings represent discovery of a new class of vasodilator drugs.Deceased, May 31, 1978.     

In vitro morphological characterization of the bursal reticuloepithelial (REp) cells of chicken

Summary The REp cells of the bursa follicle medulla of chicken were isolated in vitro. Culture of the REp cells was maintained over a period of 10 days and the cells were observed at 3 and 10 days by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence. The use of an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody confirmed their epithelial nature. TEM observations showed the presence of desmonsomes and tonofilaments, which are characteristic of epithelial cells. Furthermore, to some extent the cells regenerated in vitro the network they form in vivo. Though the growth rate becomes slower with time, the features of the REp cells do not significantly change.     

A comparative study of nuclear proteins in chick embryo cells and their primary and secondary fibrobasts in culture

Zusammenfassung Das elektrophoretische Muster von Histonen und sauren Zellkernproteinen von Hühnerembryonen und deren primären und sekundären Fibroblastzellen wurde qualitativ und quantitativ verglichen. Die Zellkernproteine der verschiedenen Zelltypen erwiesen sich qualitativ als identisch, die relative quantitative Verteilung der Kernproteine war jedoch leicht verschieden.