Deeptumor-penetrated nanocages improve accessibility to cancer stem cells for photothermal-chemotherapy of breast cancer metastasis

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),the research team led by Prof.Zhang ZhiWen(张志文)and Prof.Li YaPing at the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,CAS,discovered that deep tumor-penetrated nanocages could effectively improve their accessibility to     

microRNA在肿瘤中的作用

miRNA(microRNAs)是一类由内源基因编码的长度为18～23个碱基的非编码单链RNA分子,它们在转录后水平调节基因的表达。据报道,在多种癌症中发现了miRNA表达量改变,提示其可能与癌症的发病机理、肿瘤生长和转移等相关,起到癌基因或抑癌基因的作用。大量证据表明,miRNA的异常表达会促进肿瘤的发生和发展,因此在包括非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌等多种癌症中具有临床价值。笔者主要阐述miRNA的生成过程,以及目前已知的相关miRNA在肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌的预测、诊断、治疗和预后中的临床应用及相关分子机制。     

New therapeutic target for prostate cancer

<正>With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and other grants,the laboratory led by Prof.Xu Yong(许永)at Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health,Chinese Academy of Sciences,reported a new treatment target for prostate cancer,which was published in Nature Medicine     

LDH-A acetylation：Implication in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer,the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide,has an extremely poor prognosis,while the median survival for metastatic disease is about 6months.For most pancreatic cancer patients,they are usually diagnosed at late stages with metastasis and have limited options for treatment.     

Challenging the pancreatic cancer:Synthesis and high anti-pancreatic cancer stem cell activity of BE-43547A_2

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Chen Yue(陈悦)of Nankai University revealed the total synthesis of cyclic depsipeptide BE-43547A2,which,by the biological assays,can selectively ablate pancreatic cancer stem cells(PCSCs).The results point to an unprecedented activity towards one of the deadliest cancers.The research work was published     

长链非编码RNA在癌症中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,通常不编码蛋白质。随着研究的进展,人们发现lncRNA来源复杂、功能各异,在表观遗传学、转录水平、转录后水平等多个水平发挥着重要的作用。笔者旨在介绍lncRNA的来源及生物学功能,并着重阐述其在癌症生物学中的研究进展。     

Discoveryof new molecular targets to stopbreast cancer metastasis

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Han WeiDong(韩卫东)at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,College of Medicine,Zhejiang University,and Prof.Zhou YuBin at the Institute of Biosciences and Technology,College of Medicine,Texas AM University,recently reported a protein called TRIM59,as a key determinant of the migration mode,favors the breast cancer survival and metastasis,which was published in PLoS Biology (2018,16(11):e3000051).     

PAC1-ing up immune surveillance against cancer

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key Research and Development Program of China,Dr.Yin YuXin (尹玉新)and colleagues from the Institute of Systems Biomedicine,Peking University Health Science Center uncovered a novel mechanism by which T cell exhaustion is modulated during cancer development.This result was published titled "The phosphatase     

PIWI/piRNA在癌症中的功能和机制

PIWI蛋白是PAZ/PIWI结构域家族亚家族之一的RNA结合蛋白。PIWI蛋白通常与称为“PIWI相互作用的小型非编码RNA”(piRNA)相结合形成功能复合体来发挥作用。PIWI-piRNA通路因其在抑制转座子和生殖系发育方面的重要作用而闻名。除了在生殖系中的卓越作用，PIWI蛋白也因其通常只在生殖细胞中表达而在正常体细胞组织中几乎不表达，但是PIWI 蛋白在癌变的肿瘤组织里却异常表达，使其有望成为精准靶向治疗的绝佳靶点而在近年来备受关注。在这篇综述里，我们首先回顾PIWI蛋白如何与piRNA一起多面地调控生殖系中多种不同类型的RNA的表达，然后总结PIWI蛋白和piRNA在不同类型的癌症中的表达和功能，探讨近年来关于PIWI和piRNA在癌症研究中的局限性和可能存在的误区，并对最近冲击传统观念的PIWI在癌细胞中非piRNA依赖的生物学功能和调控机制展开深入的讨论。     

Jaggedl promotes growth and invasion of colorectal cancer cells

<正>Prof.Zhang Rongxin(Tianjin Medical University),Prof.Qiao Liang(the University of Sydney)and Dr.Dai Yun(Peking University First Hospital)reported their research findings in an article"Silencing of Jaggedl inhibits cell growth and invasion in colorectal cancer"published in Cell Death and Disease(2014,5:e1170).     

CRISPR-based riboswitches for redirecting the fate of cancer cells

<正>With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Dr.Liu Yuchen(刘宇辰)at the State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,developed a type of CRISPR-based riboswitch,which was published in Nature Methods(2016,doi:10.     

基于靶向多肽的量子点探针用于结肠癌肿瘤组织识别

多肽标记的量子点已经被广泛应用于肿瘤细胞成像, 特别是靶向多肽标记的量子点能够特异性地标记细胞从而识别肿瘤. 然而到目前为止, 还没有靶向多肽标记的量子点用于结肠癌肿瘤组织成像. 本文合成了一种双功能的TCP-1-H6多肽, 这种多肽既有TCP-1的靶向性, 又含有一个组氨酸标签(His-tag). 多肽与量子点可以通过His-tag偶联并通过毛细管电泳表征. TCP-1可以特异性地识别结肠癌细胞的受体. 实验结果表明, 靶向多肽标记的量子点能特异性地识别结肠癌细胞及肿瘤组织. 这一工作对肿瘤细胞的识别诊断研究具有重要的参考价值.     

Gene variations associated with drug resistance in breast cancer

<正>Prof.Shao Zhiming's laboratory at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,reported gene variations associated with paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer.The study was published in Nature Communications(2014,5:3802).Among chemotherapeutic agents,paclitaxel has shown great efficacy against breast cancer.Prediction of paclitaxel response may improve patient outcomes.Here researchers show,using exome sequencing,     

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes autophagy-mediated chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer

正Subject Code:H16With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the research groups led by Prof.Fang Jingyuan(房静远)from the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,RenJi Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Prof.Weiping Zou from the Department of Surgery,University of Michigan School of Medicine,demonstrated the gut     

功能化氧化石墨烯的靶向肿瘤成像与光热治疗

整合素α_vβ₃是一种跨膜糖蛋白, 高表达于多种肿瘤细胞表面, 如人恶性胶质瘤(U87-MG). 它能够作为一类肿瘤标志物, 为肿瘤类型的诊断提供依据, 并为肿瘤治疗提供潜在作用靶点. 本文以人恶性胶质瘤细胞(U87-MG)为治疗模型, 利用靶向配体——整合素α_vβ₃单克隆抗体(integrin α_vβ₃ monoclonal antibody), 偶联新型纳米材料——氧化石墨烯(nano-graphene oxide, NGO), 构建成一种新型纳米探针(NGO-mAb-FITC)用于靶向成像及光热治疗. 这种纳米探针具有主动靶向功能, 可识别α_vβ₃阳性表达细胞U87-MG, 但不被α_vβ₃阴性表达的人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)摄取. 通过异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)共价修饰靶向配体, 使纳米探针(NGO-mAb-FITC)获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向成像作用. 同时, 利用氧化石墨烯在808 nm近红外激光照射下的光热转化性能, 使得特异性摄取NGO-mAb-FITC纳米探针的肿瘤细胞内部产生过高热(hyperthermia), 从而诱导肿瘤细胞热损伤及细胞凋亡. 实验结果表明, NGO-mAb-FITC能有效识别靶细胞, 为肿瘤诊断提供依据, 而利用氧化石墨烯的高光热转换性能, 为肿瘤治疗提供新途径, 并有望成为一种有潜力的新型靶向光热转换探针而用于肿瘤的成像诊断与光热治疗.     

氯化镧抑制前列腺癌细胞DU145 的生长和迁移

为探索稀土化合物在防治前列腺癌转移方面的潜在药理作用, 研究了氯化镧对人前列腺癌细胞DU145 的生长和迁移的影响及其机理. 基于MTT 实验结果得知, LaCl₃ 显著抑制DU145 细胞的增殖, 且呈浓度依赖关系; 克隆形成实验也显示了LaCl₃ 抑制克隆形成. 结果表明, LaCl₃ 能够抑制前列腺癌细胞的生长. 此外, 利用划痕损伤实验证明, 10⁻⁵ mol/L LaCl3 可以抑制细胞迁移, 并且在该浓度下, LaCl₃ 对细胞黏附和伸展也有抑制作用. 进一步的机制研究表明, 不同浓度LaCl₃ 均可下调ERK 和P38 的磷酸化水平; 而百日咳毒素PTx, 一种Gi 蛋白抑制剂, 减弱了LaCl₃ 对ERK 和P38 磷酸化的抑制作用以及其对DU145 细胞克隆形成和伸展的抑制作用. 结果表明, LaCl₃ 能够抑制前列腺癌细胞DU145 的生长和迁移, 该作用与ERK 和P38 磷酸化水平降低有关, 可能是通过PTx 敏感的Gi 蛋白信号通路介导的.     

中国常见肿瘤的全基因组关联研究进展

肿瘤的遗传学病因复杂,全面系统地了解遗传变异在肿瘤发生中的作用是一项艰巨任务。全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)在全基因组水平探讨常见单核苷酸多态性与疾病或其他表型的关联,为了解复杂性疾病的发病机制提供新策略。针对不同肿瘤的GWAS,验证了一些基于候选策略所发现的肿瘤相关变异,发现了一系列新的肿瘤易感基因或染色体区域。主要介绍在中国人群中开展的肿瘤GWAS所取得的一些成果,并在此基础上阐述GWAS为中国常见恶性肿瘤遗传病因学研究带来的机遇与挑战。     

DKK1 determines organotropism of breast cancer metastasis by regulating microenvironments

正Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the laboratories of Dr.Hu Guohong(胡国宏)from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr.Yang Qifeng(杨其峰)from Shangdong University demonstrates that Dickkopf1(DKK1)     

Mutual interaction between YAP and CREB promotes tumorigenesis in liver cancer

Under a research project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.Prof.Sun Fenyong,a member of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University published his research findings in an article＂Mutual interaction between YAP and CREB promotes tumorigenesis in liver cancer＂in Hepatology（2013,58（3）：1011—1020）.     

RSPO2-LGR5 signaling has tumour-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer

<正>Prof.Lu Xincheng's laboratory at the Institute of Genomic Medicine,Wenzhou Medical University,published their research finding in an article"RSP02-LGR5 signaling has tumour-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer"in Nature Communications(2014,5:3149).R-spondins are a family of secreted Wnt agonists.One of the family members,R-spondin 2(RSP02)