染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)结构和对电极作用以及近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料种类及研究进展.重点介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展,包括碳材料性能,碳材料对电极制作工艺和各种性能参数,以及碳对电极与其他材料对电极相比优缺点.最后提出,由于碳对电极导电性能和催化性能良好,光电效率相对较高,且价格低廉,碳材料制备对电极具有广阔发展前景,已成为目前染料敏化太阳能电池重要研究方向.     

Nanostructured SnO2 photoanode-based dye-sensitized solar cells

This review focuses on recent developments in the nanostructured SnO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） applications. Carefully designed and fabricated nanostructured SnO2 films are advantageous for effective improvement in performance of DSSCs. Nano- crystals can offer a large surface area for dye adsorption; nanowires are able to provide a direct transfer pathway for the rapid collection of photogenerated electrons; the mes- oporous, monodisperse beads with a submicrometer-sized diameter ensure a large specific surface area for dye adsorption and simultaneously promote light scattering; the surface modification of SnO2 by other oxides may improve the photovoltage and photocurrent, hence resulting in the higher power conversion efficiency of SnO2-based DSSCs.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中多孔电极制备及性能

将喷涂法应用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,具有浆料制备简单、易操作、成本低廉等优势.本文以钛酸丁酯和P25为原料配制浆料,采用喷涂法制备二氧化钛薄膜,选择乙二醇作为造孔剂,探索了乙二醇的最佳加入量.通过对电池I-V曲线,二氧化钛薄膜表面粗糙度、染料吸附量和漫反射谱,以及光阳极的扫描电镜照片和交流阻抗图谱的分析,得到如下结果:当乙二醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为1∶1时,二氧化钛薄膜的粗糙度最大,即孔隙率和比表面积最大,因此染料吸附量达到1.47×10-7mol·cm-2,电池性能最好,其中开路电压为0.69 V,短路电流为13.0 m A·cm-2,光电转化效率达到5.38%,比不加造孔剂时增加了将近1倍,此时电子的扩散转移电阻也最小.     

A new improved structure of dye-sensitized solar cells with reflection film

DYE-SENSITIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS (DSSC), RECENTLY DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL GR?TZEL[1], HAVE BEEN ATTRACTING CONSIDERABLE ATTENTIONS BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH EFFICIENCY, SIMPLE FABRICATION PROCESS AND LOW FABRICA- TION COST[2]. TYPICAL DSSC[3] IS BASED ON A SANDWICH STRUCTURE, WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO GLASS PLATES WITH A TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO) COATING AS SUBSTRATE. O…     

基于多功能层TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能?

利用粒径为20和200nm TiO2在导电玻璃表面制备光阳极的光透明层薄膜、混合层薄膜以及散射层薄膜,通过有效地调整3种薄膜结构进而制备了染料敏化太阳能电池.研究表明,多功能层TiO2膜结构大幅度地提升了光电流,而且电子在多功能层TiO2膜内的界面传输阻抗较低.将3种薄膜有效结合并控制其厚度,可以有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能,在AM1.5,光强度为100 mW·cm-2的条件下,染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率可以提升至5.29%,电流密度达到11.7mA·cm-2.     

二氧化钛纳米管复合薄膜电极制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法合成二氧化钛纳米管,并与二氧化钛纳米颗粒混合作为染料敏化太阳能电池电极材料.当纳米管与纳米颗粒按照1:1摩尔比混合时,经过500℃烧结1h后,转化成锐钛矿晶型;平均孔体积0.30 cm3/g,平均孔径11.42 nm,比表面积为105.58 m2/g;电极对染料的吸附量达到4.85×10-8mol/cm2;电池的短路光电流密度8.70 mA/cm2,开路光电压0.76 V,填充因子0.60,光电转化效率3.96%.     

Effect of TiO2 nanotubes lateral spacing on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells

Vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays （-8 μm long, -110nm wide） have been fabricated through anodic oxidation of Ti-metal sheet in fluoride- containing electrolyte. By changing the volume ratio of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the electrolyte, TiO2 nanotube arrays with different tube-to-tube lateral spacing, i.e., closely packed, just separated, and fully separated, have been synthesized and applied as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. Photovoltaic efficiency of 2.99 %, 3.34 %, and 3.44 % has been obtained for DSSCs based on the closely packed, just separated, and fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays, respectively, illustrating the effect of tube-to-tube lateral spacing of TiO2 nanotube arrays on the performances of DSSCs. It is suggested that fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays are beneficial to the conversion efficiency of DSSCs due to higher dye loading and faster electron transfer.     

纳米TiO2在太阳能电池中的应用研究新进展

目的 研究纳米TiO2(n-TiO2)在太阳能电池中的应用研究的最新进展状况,为国内太阳能电池的研发与n-TiO2在其中的应用开发提供参考和借鉴.方法 以最新的文献为基础,进行归纳分析,研究其应用研究的新进展.结果 n-TiO2应用于太阳能电池,主要介绍了在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和有机光伏太阳能电池(OPV)中的应用研究的一些最新成果.这2种太阳能电池也是新型太阳能电池研究中的2个热点研究对象,太阳能电池作为洁净环境友好的绿色可再生能源,是未来开发与应用研究的重点.结论 n-TiO2在太阳能电池中的的应用,使太阳能电池的光电转化效率大大提高,使用寿命大为延长,但是在商业化批量生产的征途中依然有许多问题有待解决.     

RTP硅太阳电池的研究进展

用快速热处理(RTP，Rapid Thermal Processing,)制备太阳电池p—n结开辟了一种新的低成本技术。这些年许多科研机构对RTP系统的设计、RTP快速扩散模型、RTP制作器件做了深入的研究。文章主要介绍了RTP快速扩散模型和回顾了RTP硅太阳电池的发展过程，提出了RTP硅太阳电池研究的一些发展方向。     

Low temperature fabrication of high performance and transparent Pt counter electrodes for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

High performance Pt counter electrode is prepared by using vacuum thermal decomposition at a relatively low (120℃) temperature on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate coated with indium-doped tin oxide for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells.The obtained Pt counter electrode shows a good chemical stability,high light transmittance,and high electrocatalytic activity for the I3-/I-redox reaction.The energy conversion efficiency of a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on the prepared Pt counter electrode and a TiO 2 /Ti photoanode reaches 5.14% under a simulated solar light irradiation with intensity of 100 mW cm-2.     

Numerical model of planar heterojunction organic solar cells

We present a numerical study of the effects of the energy barrier between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor layer and the cathode, the thicknesses of the donor layer and acceptor layer on the distributions of carrier density, the electric fields and the electric potentials of organic planar heterojunction solar cells. We obtained the quantitative dependencies of the distribution of carrier density, electric fields and the electric potentials on these quantities. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the experimental study of open-circuit organic planar heterojunction solar cells.     

TiO_2介孔球的形貌控制及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

本文通过简单溶胶-凝胶和溶剂热后处理反应,以价格低廉、相对环保正己胺作结构向剂合成尺寸分均匀、孔径为18.9nm、比表面积为89.76m2g-1锐钛矿相TiO2介孔球.通过使用不同烷基碳链长度有胺作为结构向剂合成介孔球研究表明：较长烷碳链,有利于形成质量较高的TiO2介孔球;但是,只有当有胺烷碳链长度适中时,能获形貌最佳TiO2介孔球.改变水与钛源摩尔比可实现TiO2介孔球直径在300-1400nm间有效调节.延长反应时间,球表面越来越光滑,直径逐渐增加,最后可达近1400nm.选用正己胺为结构向剂、添加水、反应18h并经溶剂热后处理TiO2介孔球作为染料敏化太能电池光极料,吸附N719染料后敏化太能电池光电转化效率达5.56%,与相同条件下用P25作光极料效率（5.27%）相比提高5.5%,初步显示了TiO2介孔球在太能利用领域中应用潜力.     

CuInS2／石墨烯混合物的合成及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在不同的溶剂中通过温和的溶剂热法,成功地合成 CuInS2纳米晶体。这些合成好的 CuInS2粉末被 X光衍射表征后,又作为对电极被组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。通过检测可以发现乙二醇是合成 CuInS2过程中最佳的溶液。这主要表现在用乙二醇合成的 CuInS2作为电池对电极时的转化率可以达到5·49％,这个值要比用其他溶液合成的 CuInS2转化率高。然后,将在乙二醇溶剂中合成的 CuInS2粉末与石墨烯的氧化物混合形成 CuInS2纳米晶体／石墨烯纳米复合材料,这种材料可以提高 CuInS2在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的性能。通过透射电子显微镜法,可以证明 CuInS2生长在石墨烯纳米网中。与传统的铂对电极电池（6·90％）相比,这种纳米复合材料具有相对较好的光电转化率（6·28％）。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米晶及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米晶,采用热重-差热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究了保温时间对纳米晶的晶体结构和平均粒径的影响.结果表明:经430℃热处理得到的二氧化钛纳米晶主要表现为锐钛矿结构;随着保温时间从1h延长至3h,纳米晶的平均粒径从13.7nm增大到43.7nm.以所制二氧化钛纳米晶为光阳极材料组装了染料敏化太阳电池,并对其光电性能进行了研究,结果显示:粒径为25.4nm的二氧化钛纳米晶太阳电池表现出最佳的光电转化效率,其值为4.62%.     

高效太阳能电池研究

由于目前太阳能电池本身的光电转换效率比较低且对太阳能电池的利用率低,为最大限度地提高太阳能电池的利用率,减少电能损耗,从太阳能电池的制备工艺、全自动跟踪电池板及太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）三个角度出发,对当前高效利用太阳能电池的现状进行总结分析.     

高效太阳能电池研究

由于目前太阳能电池本身的光电转换效率比较低且对太阳能电池的利用率低,为最大限度地提高太阳能电池的利用率,减少电能损耗,从太阳能电池的制备工艺、全自动跟踪电池板及太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）三个角度出发,对当前高效利用太阳能电池的现状进行总结分析.     

High conversion efficiency of pristine TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays based dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared highly-ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) by anodizing Ti foils in F-containing electrolytes.The crystalline nature and morphology of the TNAs were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy.We found the morphology of TNAs affects the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The efficiency of DSSCs reached 5.95% under the condition of light illuminated from the counter electrode.The high efficiency of TNA-based DSSCs was attributed to the neat top surface of TNAs,which allows more dye molecule loading on the surface of the TiO 2 nanotubes,and fewer electron recombination centers and a low interface resistance of integrated TNAs.     

NaClO/IPA体系制备单晶硅太阳能电池绒面的研究

采用NaClO和IPA体系对单晶硅各向异性腐蚀制备绒面.通过紫外可见光光度计和扫描电镜对硅绒面的反射率、形貌进行了表征.结果表明,当NaClO为10%(质量分数,下同),IPA为5%,腐蚀温度为80℃,腐蚀时间为15 min时,能够得到均匀单晶硅绒面,硅片平均反射率达15%左右;与传统的Na OH/IPA腐蚀体系相比,该工艺制得的单晶硅绒面结构反射率低,有利于太阳能电池性能的提高.     

Preparation of nano-crystal N-Zn/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> anode films and the effects of co-sensitization on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

A nano-crystal N-Zn/TiO₂ anode film was prepared using a combined technology. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry characterizations showed that the two elements N and Zn were doped into nano-crystal TiO₂ successfully. This resulted in a strong redshift in the UV-Visible spectrum. UV-Visible measurements showed that the light absorption of N719 and P3OT were complementary and covered the entire visible region. This led to a high utilization of visible light. Solar cells based on the N-Zn/TiO₂ anode film were co-sensitized using P3OT and N719. The cells have a short-circuit current density of 7.91 mA/cm², an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.659 V, and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.64%. Also, the relationship among the N-Zn/TiO₂-film anode’s electric structure, the dye’s LUMO, electrochemical impedance, and photoelectric conversion efficiency are discussed in the paper.     

缓冲层对p-a-Si/n-c-Si异质结太阳电池影响的计算分析

采用AFORS-HET和MATLAB从理论上研究了缓冲层对HIT电池性能的影响机理.首先对P层进行优化,发现高掺杂、薄厚度的P层有利于电池效率的提升.缓冲层主要的影响有两方面,一是界面态密度,二是与晶体硅形成能带失配.模拟发现,界面态增大导致复合中心密度上升,开路电压下降;能带失配的增大可以降低界面处少子浓度,起到场钝化效果,提高开路电压.短路电流和填充因子受到界面处的影响较小,与P层的工艺条件有比较大的关系.