ASBR中污泥酸性发酵的研究

采用ASBR装置,在常温条件下对影响污泥酸性发酵的主要因素如排泥间隔时间、pH、HRT等进行了研究。确定了ASBR处理污水厂污泥的最佳酸性发酵工况,即:温度22℃,进料VS 20g/L,HRT 3.0d,间隔2d排泥,不调节pH。此时,污泥的产酸率为0.128,VS去除率为34%,发酵液的碱度为570～839mg/L,NH3-N的质量浓度为280.1～318.6mg/L,PO43-的质量浓度为29.45～44.32mg/L。     

城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥一体化处理反应器开发

针对国内城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥处理存在的问题,在污泥浓缩消化理念的基础上,开发了城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥一体化处理反应器.反应器由垃圾仓和污泥仓2个部分组成,垃圾仓采用好氧堆肥、污泥仓采用厌氧消化的方式进行,实现了垃圾和污泥在同一个反应器中处理的目标.在垃圾好氧堆肥所产生的热量维持污泥仓32～36℃条件下,反应器运行的效果为:处理污泥20 L/d,垃圾15 kg/d,进泥含水率为97.2％～99.8％,VS/TS为0.45～0.69时,排泥含水率为92.7％～96.1％,VS/TS为0.28～0.42;垃圾仓进料含水率为73.5％,VS/TS为0.65～0.88时,垃圾出料含水率为48.6％,VS/TS为0.32～0.44.试验结果表明:城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥一体化处理反应器作为污泥和垃圾处理设备,对污泥和垃圾的减量及稳定效果良好.     

高校餐厨垃圾制沼气与中水回用联合改造系统

针对高校餐厨垃圾与生活污水的处理现状,提出了构建餐厨垃圾制沼气与生活污水回用良性互补的联合节能改造系统的思路,为高校节能工作创建了新的改造模式.在不同的餐厨垃圾与污泥混合比例条件下进行了产沼气实验,当混合比为1∶1时,40 d后的累积沼气产率最大,为621 m L/(g·VS),挥发性固体(volatile soild,VS)含量去除率高达67.5%,产甲烷效率为78.6%,为最佳混合比例.1∶1混合底物反应后溶解性化学需氧量(solluted chemical oxygen demand,SCOD)、溶解性碳水化合物及蛋白质的去除率分别为55.7%,68.7%,22.7%,较餐厨垃圾的发酵显著提高,底物的p H值基本在6.8～7.2之间.通过对上海大学南区进行的节能估算可知,改造后每年可节省耗能费约26万元,具有较好的经济效益.     

餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化的试验探究

采用猪粪厌氧消化的消化污泥为接种物,在中温（37℃）条件下,以连续进料的方式对餐厨垃圾的干式厌氧消化进行了运行试验研究,监测整个实验过程中产气量、pH、VFA、碱度、酸碱比等能够反应厌氧消化系统指标。结果表明,本实验中系统最佳有机负荷为2.3kg/（m3·d）(以VS计)。正常运行过程中pH稳定在8.2～8.5之间,VFA稳定在7300～12000 mg/L,碱度在17000～19000 mg/L范围内,氨氮在3500～5500mg/L范围内,底物含水率b保持上升并且达到93%左右     

调理剂投配比及粒径对污泥堆肥的影响研究

为了研究采新型可循环LWK调理剂的用量及粒径对污泥堆肥速率和氮素损失的影响,以城市污泥与新型LWK调理剂为原料进行为期25 d的堆肥试验,分析了堆肥过程中的物料二氧化碳产生速率、有机质含量(VS和DOC)、氨气挥发速率、氮素含量的变化规律.结果表明,m污泥∶m新型调理剂=1∶0.8时,堆体的CO2产生速率最高可达12.44 mg/(kg·VS·d),氨气挥发最少;在调理剂粒径筛选中,采用三个调理剂粒径水平20.0、30.0、40.0 mm的调理剂进行堆肥试验,三组试验氮素损失率分别为15.73%、6.90%、13.19%.使用平均粒径为30.8 mm的调理剂能够明显降低堆体的氮素损失.     

高含固餐厨垃圾半干法厌氧发酵系统运行分析

对为期1年左右的上海浦东新区黎明有机质固废处理厂餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵工程工艺、生产运行状况进行了汇总分析。结果表明:采用基于完全混合式厌氧发酵反应器的半干法厌氧发酵工程,适合高含固餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵和沼气生产;当厌氧系统维持进料的含固率在10%～20%时,进料有机负荷的年平均值为2. 31 kg VS/(m~3·d),厌氧发酵液的溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)均值为7 577 mg/L。运行期间厌氧发酵液pH、NH_4~+-N变化较平稳,碱度/挥发性脂肪酸(VFA/ALK)比值均小于0. 11。餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵的VS降解率平均值高达85. 40%,沼气产率均值为672. 09 Nm~3/t VS;该厌氧发酵系统调试1年来各项运行指标良好,可为高含固餐厨垃圾半干法厌氧发酵工程提供有益参考。     

聚乙烯醇+淀粉模拟退浆废水的小试处理研究

以浓度比为1∶2的聚乙烯醇(PVA)与淀粉为碳源,配制模拟废水,采用水解酸化—好氧工艺研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)等物质的降解状况.结果表明,停留时间(HRT)为24h时COD、PVA、淀粉的处理效率分别为89%～95%,89%～99%,85%～100%,均优于HRT为12h(COD、PVA、淀粉的处理效率为70%～80%,52%～76%,81%～100%)的处理效果,对PVA的降解尤其明显;污泥指数为50～200mL/g,污泥浓度(SS)对出水水质无明显影响;水解酸化池中DO维持在0.2mg/(L.h)左右,曝气池中DO维持在3mg/(L.h)左右.     

处理污泥的"热水解-ASBR"组合工艺研究

近年来污泥"热水解-厌氧消化"处理工艺备受重视,在考察热水解预处理对污泥化学成分及厌氧消化性能影响的基础上,利用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)代替传统的连续流搅拌反应器(CSTR),从而建立了"热水解-ASBR"新工艺.研究表明,热水解预处理能改善污泥的厌氧消化性能,最合适的预处理条件是热水解温度170 ℃、热水解时间30 min.热水解污泥厌氧消化时,在水力停留时间(HRT)为20,10,7.5和5 d的条件下ASBR的有机物去除率和甲烷产气率均比CSTR的高,且ASBR合适的HRT为10 d.此时"热水解-ASBR"工艺的TCOD去除率和甲烷产气率比"热水解-CSTR"工艺分别提高27.93%和25.14%.     

氨氮污泥负荷及DO对高浓度亚硝化系统的影响

通过氨氮污泥负荷影响试验和DO影响试验数据分析,得出以下结论:1)高浓度亚硝化系统氨氮降解率及亚硝化率均随着NH4+-N污泥负荷的增高而下降。HRT<2d系统随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加,氨氮降解率迅速下跌到25%～29%;HRT≥2d系统随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加,氨氮降解率缓慢下降到50%～60%;HRT=2.5d和HRT=3d的系统中亚硝化率随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加而下降的趋势不甚明显;HRT=5d系统中亚硝化率的下降是由于污泥产生适应性的造成。因此高浓度亚硝化反应系统的NH4+-N污泥负荷不宜过高。2)随着DO的升高,高浓度亚硝化系统的氨氮降解率一直逐步升高。DO<0.7mg/L是不利于氨氮降解的;DO>2mg/L时氧化的NH4+-N都转变成了增加的NO3--N,亚硝化率下降。将DO控制在0.7～1.3mg/L之内可保证较佳的NH4+-N降解率和亚硝化率。     

餐厨垃圾干式厌氧消化的试验研究

采用猪粪厌氧消化的消化污泥为接种物,在中温(37℃)条件下,以连续进料的方式对餐厨垃圾的干式厌氧消化进行了运行试验研究,监测整个试验过程中产气量、pH、VFA、碱度、酸碱比等能够反应厌氧消化系统指标。结果表明,实验中系统最佳有机负荷为2.3 kg/(m~3·d)(以VS计)。正常运行过程中pH稳定在8.2～8.5之间,VFA稳定在7 300～12 000 mg/L,碱度在17 000～19 000 mg/L范围内,氨氮在3 500～5 500 mg/L范围内,底物含水率b保持上升并且达到93%左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-