异烟肼与牛血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了异烟肼(INH)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.荧光光谱表明,INH对BSA的荧光有较强的猝灭作用.通过结合常数和结合位点数的计算,证明这种荧光猝灭机理符合静态机制,INH和BSA形成了1∶1稳定复合物;考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用,进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制.紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,INH与BSA的相互作用使蛋白质的分子构象发生变化,而同步荧光光谱显示两者的结合位点更接近于色氨酸.     

荧光光谱法研究羟基化单壁碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用

纳米材料与蛋白质等生物大分子的相互作用是纳米材料生物安全性的重要内容。为了解羟基化单壁碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用特点,选择两种不同长度的羟基化单壁碳纳米管(Short-SWNTs-OH、Long-SWNTs-OH),利用荧光光谱法和同步荧光光谱法分别分析在生理条件下它们与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用。荧光光谱显示,两种羟基化单壁碳纳米管可以猝灭牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的内源荧光,且猝灭效应随碳纳米管的浓度增大而增强,对牛血清白蛋白,Short-SWNTs-OH的荧光猝灭作用强于Long-SWNTs-OH;Short-SWNTs-OH和Long-SWNTs-OH对牛血红蛋白的荧光猝灭作用相差不大;同步荧光光谱显示,Short-SWNTsOH对牛血清白蛋白的色氨酸残基(Trp)荧光猝灭作用强于酪氨酸残基(Tyr)。实验结果表明,碳纳米管的形貌特征及蛋白质的类型对碳纳米管与蛋白质的相互作用存在一定的影响:与牛血红蛋白相比,羟基化单壁碳纳米管更易于和牛血清白蛋白结合,羟基化单壁碳纳米管的长度、蛋白质的类型对它们之间的相互作用存在一定的影响,两种碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白的作用位置更接近色氨酸残基。该工作可为全面评价包括碳纳米管在内的纳米材料的生物安全性提供参考。     

pH对洛美沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合的影响

应用荧光和紫外-可见光谱研究了4个不同pH的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中洛美沙星与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.应用Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程以及F rster能量转移理论,计算得到4个不同pH下两者结合的猝灭常数(KS)V、结合常数(K)a和结合距离(r)等参数.其结果显示:4个pH下,BSA与洛美沙星均能发生反应生成新的复合物,属于静态荧光猝灭;洛美沙星与BSA间结合距离均小于7 nm;pH对两者的相互结合具有一定的影响,在pH4.9时洛美沙星与BSA结合常数最大,结合距离小;同步荧光光谱显示不同介质中洛美沙星对BSA的构象有比较显著的影响.     

荧光光谱法研究乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶相互作用特征

研究了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶活性的影响,以及二者相互作用的荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱特征.证实了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶活性具有激活作用.证实了乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶间的相互作用为静态猝灭,求出了猝灭常数以及乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶的结合常数K和结合位点数n.由求得的热力学参数,根据Ross 判断生物大分子和小分子结合力性质的规律推测,乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶之间的作用力主要为疏水作用力.用同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱技术探讨了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶蛋白构象的影响.     

光谱法研究痂囊腔菌素A与血红蛋白的相互作用

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱系统地研究了痂囊腔菌素A(EA)与血红蛋白(Hb)之间的相互作用.实验结果表明,EA与Hb之间的相互作用影响Hb分子的构象,且该影响在避光与光照等两种情况下存在明显差异,避光时EA仅与Hb的氨基酸残基发生作用,而光照时EA与Hb的氨基酸残基和血红素辅基均发生作用.避光实验条件下的荧光猝灭常数、热力学参数等计算结果表明Hb荧光被猝灭方式为动态猝灭,EA对Hb之间的作用力为疏水作用力.同步荧光进一步研究了EA对Hb微环境的影响.     

过渡金属离子与牛血红蛋白的相互作用

过渡金属离子在生理条件下会影响血红蛋白的功能,可利用光谱法对其作用机理进行研究.通过紫外可见光谱法研究了过渡金属离子对牛血红蛋白中亚铁离子的影响;通过荧光光谱法研究了过渡金属离子与牛血红蛋白之间的荧光猝灭类型和相互作用力.结果表明:过渡金属离子可部分置换血红蛋白中的亚铁离子,形成血红蛋白衍生物,衍生物的稳定性与过渡金属离子中d轨道上的电子数目(d电子数)有关;过渡金属离子通过静态猝灭显著降低牛血红蛋白的荧光强度,二者通过静电作用力形成稳定不发荧光的基态复合物;过渡金属离子通过增强牛血红蛋白中色氨酸残基的疏水性改变蛋白质构象.因此,过渡金属离子可在一定程度上影响血红蛋白的结构.     

硫唑嘌呤与牛血清白蛋白作用的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光和紫外光谱法研究了硫唑嘌呤(AZP)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的结合反应特性.测定了不同温度下的结合常数KA及结合位点数n,证明AZP对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机理为静态猝灭,且主要以疏水作用力与BSA作用;同步荧光光谱表明AZP对BSA的构象有影响;根据Forster偶极一偶极非辐射能量转移理论.计算出作用距离rAZP=2.94,说明AZP与BSA的猝灭过程中都存在能量转移效应.     

光谱法研究nC60纳米颗粒与牛血红蛋白的相互作用

用几种光谱方法研究了n C60纳米颗粒与牛血红蛋白之间的相互作用。用溶剂置换法制备n C60的水分散液,并用紫外-可见分光光度法、动态光散射和透射电子显微镜技术对n C60纳米颗粒进行表征;用紫外-可见分光光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱研究n C60与牛血红蛋白之间的作用。结果表明,n C60纳米颗粒对牛血红蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱有一定程度的改变作用;n C60可猝灭牛血红蛋白的内源荧光,且最大发射波长发生明显的蓝移现象;随着n C60浓度的增加,酪氨酸残基和色氨酸残基的同步荧光强度降低,其中酪氨酸残基峰位发生蓝移,而色氨酸残基峰位基本保持不变。研究表明n C60与牛血红蛋白之间存在一定的相互作用;n C60可引起牛血红蛋白构象的改变,酪氨酸残基所处微环境的极性减小,n C60与牛血红蛋白的作用位置更接近酪氨酸残基。     

荧光光谱法研究乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶相互作用特征

研究了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶活性的影响,以及二者相互作用的荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱特征．证实了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶活性具有激活作用．证实了乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶间的相互作用为静态猝灭,求出了猝灭常数以及乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶的结合常数K和结合位点数n．由求得的热力学参数,根据Ross 判断生物大分子和小分子结合力性质的规律推测,乙基麦芽酚与胰α-淀粉酶之间的作用力主要为疏水作用力．用同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱技术探讨了乙基麦芽酚对胰α-淀粉酶蛋白构象的影响．     

光谱法研究马来酸氯苯那敏与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

采用紫外光谱和荧光猝灭光谱研究了马来酸氯苯那敏(CM)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机理.结果表明,CM对BSA是动态猝灭机理,以疏水作用为主;通过计算获得二者在不同温度下的结合常数及结合位点数;利用同步荧光光谱探讨了作用前后BSA的构型变化,确定结合位置位于BSA的亚结构ⅡA中;Hill系数nH1,表明CM有正协同作用.此外,讨论了共存金属离子Mn2+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Pb2+,Ni 2+对CM与BSA结合作用的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.