聚羧酸系列分散剂在农药悬浮剂(SC)和悬乳剂(SE)中的应用

采用水溶液聚合工艺,以丙烯酸、马来酸和功能单体为主要原料,分别以过硫酸盐、双氧水-金属盐体系、过马来酸体系等为引发剂合成了适宜结构的聚羧酸系列农药分散剂,考察和评价了其对悬浮剂(SC)和悬乳剂(SE)的配伍性及稳定性,并进行了田间药效验证试验.结果表明,其性能达到国内外同类产品水平,具有较好的推广应用价值.     

木质素磺酸盐一马来酸一丙烯酰胺三元共聚物的合成及其应用

介绍以过氧化氢为引发剂,木质素磺酸盐、马来酸和丙烯酰胺三元共聚物的合成方法、反应原理及其机理.实验结果表明所合成的产品具有良好的降粘性能、抗温性能,从而为马来酸在石油工业上的应用提供了理论和实验依据.     

聚马来酸阻垢性能的研究

以马来酸酐为原料,通过氧氢为引发剂,水相法合成聚马来酸,改变催化剂硫酸铁（Ⅲ）铵的用量和反应温度,获得了催化剂用量和反应温度与溴值,粘度,阻垢率的关系,探讨了该聚合物的溴值和粘度对其阻垢性能的影响,同时对聚合物的用量与阻垢性能的关系作了研究。     

富勒烯C_(60)接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的制备与表征

以富勒烯C60和马来酸为原料合成得到一种新型富勒烯C60接枝马来酸聚合物,C60接枝马来酸聚合物再与硝酸铅反应得到C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐。通过单因素方法探讨了pH、反应物物料比、反应温度以及反应时间对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅含量的影响,获得其最佳合成工艺条件为:pH=6.92,C60接枝马来酸聚合物和硝酸铅的摩尔比为1∶7,反应时间2 h,反应温度30℃,该条件所得C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅质量分数为56.09%。同时采用FT-IR、UV、GPC、AAS、XRD及XPS等测试手段对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热和热重分析法对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,在空气气氛下,DTA分解峰值温度为275、370、462℃,失重率为43.6%,表明产物热稳定性良好。     

Sm-CuI促进芝麻素前体的简易合成

在碘化亚铜和分子筛存在下,以胡椒醛和马来酸酯为起始原料,直接使用金属钐促进一步反应制备了芝麻素双内酯型前体。反应以双加成形式完成,反应过程高效简便,合成方法简单新颖,原料易得。反应体系在无水、室温空气中进行。对反应影响因素进行了探讨,最终在优化条件下,胡椒醛与马来酸二甲酯反应所得芝麻素前体产率可达78%。在此基础上,进一步对其他马来酸酯如马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二丁酯和富马酸二甲酯的反应效果进行了研究对比,取得了预期的实验结果,并对反应机理进行了探讨。     

聚合物防蜡剂的研制及其结构对性能的影响

为解决原油析蜡的问题，深入研究了防蜡剂分子结构与性能间的关系，在实验室通过自由基共聚合物反应合成了一系列苯乙烯－马来酸酯－丙烯腈三元共聚物防蜡剂SMANE，对产物进行了红外表征；通过测定其在模拟油中的防蜡效果，考查了聚合物的相对分子质量、单元化学计量数之比、酯化程度、酯链长度、混合酯链等结构因素对防蜡效果的影响。实验结果表明：苯乙烯、马来酸酯与丙烯腈化学计量数之比为5：5：1，酯化比例为1：11．5－1：2的十六醇或十八醇的单一酯化物和复配酯化物对模拟油具有较好的防蜡效果，且分子内复配比分子间复配效果更好；同时也表明只有深入研究防蜡剂结构与性能的关系，针对具体情况研制有针对性的产品，才能取得较好的效果。     

流动注射化学发光测定马来酸氯苯那敏

高锰酸钾在酸性条件下可氧化马来酸氯苯那敏,该反应产生的能量转移到罗丹明6G而产生化学发光,在体系中加入CTMAB可以进一步增强该体系的化学发光强度,据此建立了流动注射化学发光测定马来酸氯苯那敏的新方法。该方法线性范围为4.0×10-7g/mL~8.0×10-5g/mL,方法的检出限为3.2×10-8g/mL,对1.0×10-5g/mL的马来酸氯苯那敏进行了11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.8%;方法用于药剂中马来酸氯苯那敏含量的测定,结果与药典标准法测得值基本一致。     

超高吸水性树脂的合成研究

采用丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸 (钠 )共聚体系 ,以过硫酸胺 (NH4) 2 S2 O8为引发剂 ,N ,N—双亚甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂 ,得到轻度交联的高分子化合物 ,用聚乙烯醇改善其三级结构 ,制得超高吸水剂 ,吸收含 0 .9%的NaCl盐水达自身重量的近百倍 .     

三元共聚物P(IA/MA/SAS)的合成及对CaCO_3阻垢性能评价

以衣康酸(IA)、马来酸(MA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体,K2S2O8-(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2为氧化还原引发剂,合成了一种新型的阻垢剂P(IA/MA/SAS).通过正交实验法确定了最优条件为:反应物摩尔比nIA∶nMA∶nSAS=1∶2∶1,链转移剂质量分数为3%,引发剂质量分数为5%,反应温度为90℃.静态法评价了产品阻垢能力,在加剂量为10 mg/L时阻碳酸钙率最佳可达96.6%,优于常用的聚羧酸类和聚膦酸类商品阻垢剂,是一种性能优异的循环冷却水阻垢剂.     

紫外分光光度法测定马来酸含量

建立了直接在水中测定马来酸含量的紫外分光光度法.采用水作为参比,在水溶液中于211 nm处测定马来酸的含量,其表观摩尔吸光系数为ε211=1.39×104 L/(mol·cm).本法简便、快速,应用于多批马来酸含量的测定,其加标回收率在94.0%～102.3%之间,获得了比较满意的实验结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with