Electrical activity of the pectoral muscles during gliding and flapping flight in the herring gull (Larus argentatus)

Summary Electromyographic recording from the pectoral muscles of the herring gull during flight showed that very little muscle activity is associated with gliding flight. However, the integrated gliding potentials could be increased very considerably by loading the bird. The muscle activity during gliding and flapping flight are in accordance with the known energy requirements for these 2 types of flight.This work was supported by NIH Research Grant HL-02228 and NIH Research Career Award 1-K6-GM-21, 522 to Prof. Schmidt-Nielsen. G. Goldspink was in receipt of a Science Research Council (UK) Research Grant.     

Time dependent formation of acetylcholinesterase isozymes

Summary 4 electrophoretically and chromatographically distinguishable forms of 11S acetylcholinesterase were generated during storage of an 11S preparation of the enzyme.Acknowledgments. R. M. Kothari was a Postdoctoral Research Associate of the National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Task No. MF51.524.014.9025. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writers and not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the Naval Service at large.     

Survival and endogenous spleen colonies of irradiated mice after skin wounding and hydroxyurea treatment

Summary Wound trauma-induced survival from radiation may be related to increased mitosis in hematopoietic cells. This is supported by the cell cycle-dependent drug hydroxyurea, which 1. blocked survival of wounded mice injected 2 or 3 days after 900 rad and 2. reduced the number of endogenous CFU-s in wounded mice injected shortly before 700 rad.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ00018. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

Formation of 4-ketocyclophosphamide by the oxidation of cyclophosphamide with KMnO4

Zusammenfassung Oxydation des (³²P) Cyclophosphamides durch KMnO₄ in Wasser oder Aceton führt zu 4-Ketocyclophosphamid und einem N-dechloroäthylierten Derivat des Cyclophosphamides, beides bekannte Metaboliten der Droge. Die Auftrennung der Produkte gelingt durch Dünnschichtchromatographie und die Richtigkeit der Strukturen wurde durch Massenspectrometrie nachgewiesen.

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Acknowledgments. This investigation was supported by grants to the Chester Beatty Research Institute (Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital) from the Medical Research Council and Cancer Research Campaign. The A.E.I. MS-12 mass spectrometer was purchased on a special grant No. G969/189/C from the Medical Research Council. The work was carried out partly during the tenure of a Ludwig Fellowship awarded by Cancer Research Institute. The interest of ProfessorA. B. Foster and Dr.T. A. Connors in this work, and the skilled technical assistance of Mr.M. H. Baker, are gratefully acknowledged.     

Elevated kidney glucosyltransferase activity in genetic prediabetic mice

Summary Glucosyltransferase activity in the renal cortex of genetic diabetic KK mice was significantly increased at 40 days of age when compared to that of Swiss albino and F₁ hybrid mice. This increase in enzyme activity in the absence of glucose intolerance can be regarded as an earlier genetic marker for the diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy.Acknowledgments. This research was supported in part by the General Research Support Grant No. RR-05398 from the General Research Support Branch, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health Training Grant No. 5-T01-AM-05617-06, Hope for Diabetics Foundation, Inc., and Pfizer Research Laboratories. Dr.R. A. Camerini-Davalos was a Career Scientist of the Health Research Council of the City of New York, and Drs.A. S. Reddi andC.A. Velasco were N. I. H. Trainees in Diabetes Mellitus during part of this study.     

Inhibition of an early stage of erythropoiesis in cultures of young chick blastodisc cells byRicinus communis agglutinin 120

Summary An early pre-erythroid phase of erythropoiesis in cultures of dispersed cell suspensions prepared from primitive streak and head-fold chick blastodiscs was very sensitive to inhibition byRicinus communis agglutinin 120.This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council and National Research Council of Canada. We thank Mrs S. Dorey and N.N. McGrath for technical assistance. S.D.W. is an Associate of the Medical Research Council.     

Effects of sympathetic stimulation on ventricular refractory periods in cats with acute coronary artery ligation

Summary Ventricular refractory periods shorten in the ischemic area following acute coronary artery ligation. Subsequent bilateral sympathetic nerve stimulation reduces disparity in refractory periods across normal, border (peri-ischemic) and ischemic areas.This work was supported by NIH Research Grants HL 19044 and HL 21735, NIH Biomedical Research Support Grant DRR No. S07-05363 and a Grant-in-Aid from the American Heart Association, Florida Affiliate, Broward County Chapter. Dr Gaide is the recipient of NIH New Investigator Research Award HL 27680.     

Effect of Tween 80 on lipids ofMycobacterium phlei ATCC 354

Summary Addition of Tween 80 to the growth medium brings about qualitative and quantitative changes in the lipids ofMycobacterium phlei ATCC 354. The results suggest that Tween 80 itself may be a variant in the system.Acknowledgments. K. R. D. is grateful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship. This study was supported in part by funds from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, and University Grants Commision, New Delhi.     

Coxsackievirus B4 infection of spinal sympathetic ganglion

Summary Coxsackievirus B₄ infection of a spinal sympathetic ganglion of a squirrel monkey is described. Chromatolysis and neuronophagia were extensive. It is suggested that such viral sympathetic ganglial infections may be responsible for dysfunction of organ systems.Supported by the Cardiovascular Research Fund, the Rowell A. Billups Fund for Research in Heart Disease, the Feazel Laboratory and grant No. RR-00164-17 from the Animal Resources Branch, Division of Research Resources of NIH.     

Wound-induced alterations in survival of60Co irradiated mice: importance of wound timing

Summary Wounding mice shortly before or shortly after lethal⁶⁰Co irradiation enhances survival. Survival of wounded-irradiated mice may be due to enhanced hematopoietic recovery as measured by endogenous spleen colony (E-CFU-s) formation.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under research Work Unit 00129. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals' prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

In vitro metabolism of progesterone by the adrenals of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Zusammenfassung Der Einbau des¹⁴C-Progesterons in Corticosteroide bei Nebennierensegmenten von Wistar-Ratten mit spontaner Hypertonie unterscheidet sich in nichts vom Einbau bei Nebennieren der Kontrollratten, was im Gegensatz zu Befunden mit regenerierten Nebennieren steht. Eine kausale Beziehung zwischen Nebennierenrindenfunktion und spontanem Hochdruck scheint ausgeschlossen zu sein.

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Dr. M. K.Birmingham is a Medical Research Associate of the Medical Research Council of Canada. This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the 33rd Degree Scottish Rite Committee for Research in Dementia Praecox. The authors thank Dr. R. A.Cleghorn for his interest in this project.     

Solid phase synthesis and some pharmacoogical properties of 4-Ser-8-Gln-Oxytocin (Glumitocin)

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Synthese des Peptidhormons Glumitocin wird beschrieben, in der die Trägermethode vonMerrifield benutzt wird. Einige pharmakologische Daten des Hormons werden mitgeteilt.

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This work was supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada, Banting Research Foundation, National Science Foundation Grant No. GB 4932X and a General Research Support Grant from the National Institutes of Health.     

Growth inhibition in mammalian cells exposed to thermal stress

Zusammenfassung Erhöhter Temperatur ausgesetzte Schweinenieren-Zellen produzieren, bei 37 °C kultiviert, Mikrokolonien. Eine Reduktion in der Wachstumsrate ist proportional zur Dauer und Intensität der Hitzebehandlung und verliert sich im Laufe der weitern Kultivierung.

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This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant No. GM-13692, and by an appointment as Research Professor in the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science.     

Functional consequences of treating turkey liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with penicillin G

Summary Treatment of turkey liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with penicillin G progressively inactivated the enzyme and desensitized the enzyme toward high substrate inhibition. The treatment also led to reduced sensitivity to AMP inhibition and the loss of cooperative interaction among AMP-binding sites. These altered properties were not reversed by dialysis, but were prevented when treatment with penicillin G was performed in the presence of substrate.This work was in part supported by grant RR-8006 from the General Research Branch, Division of Research Resources, NIH (USA) and in part by Faculty Research Grant from Southern School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta (Georgia, USA).     

Liver esterase abnormalities in hereditary neurological diseases of mice

Zusammenfassung Alle von uns in Mäusen untersuchten vererblichen neurologischen Erkrankungen stellen entweder primäre oder sekundäre gesamtkörperliche Prozesse dar. Verschiedene allelische Substitutionen produzieren spezifische Leber-Esterase-Isozym-Defekte.

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This work was supported in part by NIH research grant No. NB 06448 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases nad Stroke, a grant from the National Foundation for Neuromuscular Diseases, Inc., a grant from the Health Research Fund, United Fund of Schenectedy County, Inc., and an allocation from NIH General Research Support Grant No. RR 05545 from the Division of Research Resources to The Jackson Laboratory.

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The principles of laboratory animal care as promulgated by the National Society for Medical Research are observed in this Laboratory.     

Relationship of specific granules to the natriuretic and diuretic activity of rat atria

Summary The isolation of several fractions from rat atrial homogenates, by the use of differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation, indicates that the diuretic and natriuretic activity is restricted to the fractions rich in specific granules. Our preliminary results suggest that the active substance is a small peptide which is probably different from the natriuretic substance(s) already known.Supported by a group grant given by the Medical Research Council of Canada to the Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension of the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal.Acknowledgments. The authors thank Suzanne Diebold for technical assistance.     

United Kingdom: The Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC): A Report on Research in the United Kingdom,France and Germany (W)

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United Kingdom: The Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC): A Report on Research in the United Kingdom, France and Germany (W)     

Survival enhanced by skin-wound trauma in mice exposed to60Co radiation

Summary A 4%-body-surface skin wound given 24 h before exposure of mice to⁶⁰Co radiation raised the LD 50/30 from 825 to 975 rads, resulting in a dose reduction factor of 1.2. Enhanced survival of mice wounded before radiation was independent of extramedullary splenic myelocytopoiesis.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under research work unit 8324-60406. The views presented in this paper are those of the authors. No endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council.     

Neocortical transplants in the rat brain: an ultrastructural study

Summary Electron microscopic analysis of neocortical transplants in the cerebellum of the host animals showed that the nerve cells, glial cells, and neuropil of the transplants were normal. These transplants showed anatomical integration with the host brain through various regions of interface. Neuropil interfaces were found to have a high density of synaptic profiles, and medullary interfaces had a very small number of synaptic profiles.Acknowledgment. Research supported by Contract No. N00014-83 from the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy to E.N.A., and N.I.H. Research Grant No. NS-08817 to G.D. Das.     

Sarcomere shortening and tension development during ‘isometric’ tetanus of muscle

Summary Laser diffraction and tension measurements from frog muscle during isometric tetanus reveal that the sarcomeres contract more rapidly than tension develops.Supported by the Australian Research Grants Committee and the National Health and Medical Research Council.