BaMg（1-x）/3）ZrxNb2（1-x）/3）]O3微波介质陶瓷的红外光谱

利用传统固相陶瓷烧结工艺在1520℃下制备Ba[Mg（1-x）/3ZrxNb2（1-x）/3]O3（BMZN,x=0,0.10,0.15）微波介质陶瓷.通过远红外光谱（FIR）来分析研究B位Zr4＋取代对BMN陶瓷晶体结构和介电性能的影响.研究发现,随着Zr4＋取代的增加,红外光谱上在370 cm-1附近的振动模发生分裂而出现新的极化模式;410 cm-1附近的振动模消失;230,290和510 cm-1附近的振动模的频率向高波数偏移且强度明显降低.这些红外振动模的变化表明随着Ba Zr O3的增加,陶瓷的晶体结构发生转变,由六方晶系逐步转变为立方晶系.分析了陶瓷介电性能与红外模式的内在联系.     

铋层状化合物Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15陶瓷材料的上转换发光、铁电、介电性能研究

采用传统的固相烧结法,制备了Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15铋层状结构陶瓷.经X射线衍射（XRD）表征,新合成材料为单相结构,且扫描电子显微镜下的表面和断面图像均为层状,说明合成材料为新型铋层状材料.室温时,在可见光波长范围内,有2个峰,分别为546 nm处的绿光峰和656 nm处的红光峰,分别对应于Ho3＋离子的5F4＋5S2→5I8和5F5→5I8跃迁.为研究其机理,测试了变功率条件下的发光强度,经计算,绿光和红光发射均为双光子过程.研究陶瓷样品在变温（-130~270°C）条件下的发光性能时,发现红光与绿光的强度比值与温度呈线性关系,该材料有望应用于光学温度传感器领域.经介电性能测试发现当Ho：Yb=1：9时,样品的居里温度为686.4°C.研究铁电性能发现当Ho：Yb=3：2时,剩余极化Pr为9.3μC/cm2,矫顽场强为Ec=82 k V/cm,表明具有一定的铁电性能.以上研究结果表明,制得的新材料是一种具有优异光学性能的多功能材料.     

Dielectric properties of BST/MZO ceramic composites

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Mg1-xZnxO(MZO,x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20) ceramic composites were prepared by traditional ceramic processing.The crystal structure,fracture surface morphology,and dielectric properties were investigated.The samples with x=0,0.05 and 0.10 exhibited favorable sintering behavior,and homogeneous diphase microstructure was obtained. Nevertheless,the microstructure of the samples with x=0.15 and 0.20 was inhomogeneous and abnormal grain growth could be observed,and the abnormal grain growth induced the degradation of dielectric strength.The sample with x=0.10 has relatively low dielectric loss(1.26×10-3) and the optimal FOM value(about 174) .     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

不锈钢表面ZnO-尖晶石复合氧化膜的制备及其可见光光催化性能

通过电沉积锌及空气气氛下两步热氧化,在304不锈钢表面形成具有可见光光催化活性的ZnO复合氧化物薄膜。运用X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Rarnan）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析薄膜的结构及表面形貌,在可见光照射下测试了氧化膜催化降解罗丹明B的性能。结果显示：在0．05m0I／LZnSO4、2moL／LNH4Cl溶液中,以0．03A／cm^2的恒电流密度阴极极化120s,电沉积锌后于空气气氛中350℃下加热1h,然后升温至450℃下加热2h,在不锈钢表面形成了ZnO和尖晶石结构氧化物（AB2O4,A=Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋、Fe^2＋;B=Fe^3＋,Cr^3＋）的复合氧化膜,显示出良好的可见光光催化性能。     

纳米La0．6Sr0．4MnO3／Fe粉复合体系微波吸收性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.6Sr0．4MnO3粉体,与纳米Fe粉按不同质量比复合,得到复合材料样品。测试了样品在2～18GHz微波频率范围内的复介电常数、复磁导率,计算了微波反射系数和损耗角正切,初步探讨了材料的微波吸收机制。结果表明,当复合质量比为6：4、样品厚度为2mm时,大于10dB的吸收带宽为3．4GHz,最大吸收峰值为16dB,微波损耗是介电损耗和磁损耗共同作用的结果。     

Untersuchungen der Pollenkörner vonAlnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. im Interferenzmikroskop nach Nomarski

Summary With the aid of the differential interference contrast microscope (systemNomarski), the pollen grains ofAlnus rugosa were examined. The characteristic surface structure, the arci and certain structures in the vestibules of the pores are thus very clearly visible. A further use of this microscopic method may be possible for the investigation of pollen grains.     

Ribosomal gene numbers in Microseridinae (Compositae: Cichorieae)

Summary 8 species of the subtribe Microseridinae contain between 1100 and 3400 genes for 25 and 18 S ribosomal RNA. The gene numbers seem to evolve by discrete steps. Their trend follows a general reduction in genome size during the evolution of the annual species ofMicroseris, but numbers remain high in one of them and inAgoseris grandiflora. 2 species ofPyrrhopappus differ by a duplication of the ribosomal gene numbers; 5 S ribosomal RNA genes in 4 species are repeated roughly 10,000 times.We thank Miss S. Werner, Miss A. Roth and Miss U. Krehan for help with some of the experiments. This paper is part of a project supported by grant Ba 536/1-5 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

On Minkowskian branching structures

In Belnap's [Branching space-time. Synthese, 92, 385–434. ‘Postprint’ archived at http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00001003] theory of branching space-times (BST) Our World's possible histories are thought of as space-times, yet the theory has models in which histories do not resemble relativistic space-times or any other physical space-times. The aim of this paper is to define a certain class of BST models, called ‘Minkowskian Branching Structures’ (MBSs), in which histories are isomorphic to Minkowski space-time. By focusing on these models rather than on general BST models, we hope that one may be able to improve on earlier BST analyses of physical phenomena. Also, introducing MBSs sets the stage for recent discussions about whether or not branching is physically feasible.     

Deficits in social behavior in autism and their modification by a synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4–9) analog

When charting the structure of the social behavior of autistic children by means of an ethologically analyzed playroom session, deficits appeared in the reciprocity of eye-contact and in the location of verbal initiatives. These deficits in social behavior were beneficially influenced by treatment with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4–9) analog ORG 2766.     

Deficits in social behavior in autism and their modification by a synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9) analog.

When charting the structure of the social behavior of autistic children by means of an ethologically analyzed playroom session, deficits appeared in the reciprocity of eye-contact and in the location of verbal initiatives. These deficits in social behavior were beneficially influenced by treatment with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9) analog ORG 2766.     

A branching space-times view on quantum error correction

In this paper we describe some first steps for bringing the framework of branching space-times (BST) to bear on quantum information theory. Our main application is quantum error correction. It is shown that BST offers a new perspective on quantum error correction: as a supplement to the orthodox slogan, “fight entanglement with entanglement”, we offer the new slogan, “fight indeterminism with indeterminism”.     

Normaler und aberranter Karyotyp vonCepaea hortensis (Müller) (Gastropoda)

Summary The karyotype of 9Cepaea hortensis were analyzed. The haploid chromosome number was 22. 2 types of longest chromosomes were encountered. In 8 out of 9 animals, the longest chromosome had an arm ratio of 1.2. One animal showed a ratio of 4.9. This aberration is thought to have arisen by a pericentric inversion. Because both the normal and the aberrant chromosome coexisted in the same population, a chromosomal polymorphism seems to be present.     

Interaction of molybdate with copper(II)-histidine.

Molybdate and copper(II)-histidine form an insoluble complex of empirical formula Cu2(His)3(MoO4)2(H2O)2ESR-spectroscopy indicated that the complex had tetragonal symmetry. IR-spectroscopy showed the presence of a carboxylate anion and suggested that the molybdate ion formed an ammonium-type salt with the nitrogens of the imidazole. The complex did not form following dissociation of the protonated imidazole (above a pH of approximately 6).     

The structure of gephyrotoxin (GTX) 223AB

Summary The structure 3-butyl-5-propylindolizidine (2), tentatively assigned to a minor alkaloid in skin extracts from a number of poison frogs of the Neotropical genusDendrobates, has been confirmed and its stereochemistry determined as 5E, 9E (2d) by comparison on GC and GC-MS with the four synthetic diastereomers2a-2d.     

The karyotype,C-bands and AgNO3-bands of a lungless salamander from Korea:Onychodactylus fischeri (Boulenger) (Amphibia,Urodela)

The karyotype of a lungless salamander,Onychodactylus fischeri, from Korea was analyzed and compared with that of the Japanese congeneric species,O. japonicus. In both species the diploid karyotype consists of78 chromosomes, including 6 pairs of large chromosomes, 6 pairs of medium-sized ones, and the remaining 27 pairs of microchromosomes. The chromosome number ofO. fischeri, 2n=78, is, like that ofO. japonicus, the largest so far reported in the order Urodela. C-banding showed that constitutive heterochromatin inO. fischeri was mainly in the centromeric regions and near the secondary constrictions of the large chromosomes. AgNO₃-bands were located in the secondary constrictions associated with C-band heterochromatin.     

Identification of (3R,4R)-gD 1(6) as an isolation artefact of cannabinoid acids formed by callus cultures ofCannabis sativa L

Summary For the first time we have isolated a major psychoactive cannabinoid, (3R, 4R)- ¹⁽⁶⁾-tetrahydrocannabinol3 from callus cultures ofCannabis sativa L.3 was obtained as an artefact of the actually formed (3R, 4R)- ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol-3- and/or 5-carboxylic acids1 and2 by subjecting the culture material to a decarboxylation step prior to extraction. No attempt was made to isolated acids1 and2. The identity of3 was confirmed by comparison with an authentic sample of (3R, 4R)- ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol. Culture conditions, isolation procedure and identification of the cannabinoid are described.Acknowledgment. The authors are greatly indebted to Dr W. Heller and Dr G. Schroeder-Frey for deriving the callus cultures from seedlings ofC. sativa and to Prof. N. Amrhein for valuable gifts of culture media and growth regulators.     

Airborne pollen content in the atmosphere of central Italy (1982–1986)

Summary This report describes qualitatively and quantitatively the content of pollen in the atmosphere of central Italy during the five years 1982–1986. Total production in this period showed fluctuations depending on the flowering seasons of the anemophilous taxa. The season of maximum pollen concentration was from April to July, with a prevalence of arboreal pollen in thefirst months, and of pollen from herbaceous plants in the last months of the year. During the five years of research more than 81 different types of pollen grains were recorded and identified. In both the cities investigated Curpessaceae/Taxaceae, Fagaceae, Oleaceae Gramineae and Urticaceae were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen.     

The viability of pollen grains of a lily (Lilium auratum) and the eggs of the brine-shrimp (Artemia salina) soaked in organic solvents for 10 years

Summary Pollen grains ofLilium auratum which had been stored in n-pentanol, n-butanol and n-propanol for 10 years at –10°C germinated, and the generative nucleus in the pollen tube divided into 2 sperm nuclei. The resting eggs ofArtemia salina soaked in these solvents for 10 years hatched at a high rate.     

The identification of εN-(β-aspartyl)-l-lysine in native and heated keratin

Zusammenfassung Chromatographisch (Ionenaustausch, Papierchromatographie, Dünnschichtchromatographie und Hochspannungselektrophorese) wird nach enzymatischer Hydrolyse von nativem und denaturiertem Wolle-Keratin (-Glutamyl)-lysin und (-Aspartyl)-lysin identifiziert und so die in Proteinen postulierte anomale Peptidverknüpfung nachgewiesen.

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Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank Dr.B. Milligan for a gift of N(-aspartyl) lysine. They would also like to thank the Wool Industries Research Association for permission to publish this work and for a Post-Doctoral Fellowship to one of them (M.S.O.).