一种新的降维算法PCA_LLE在图像识别中的应用

通过结合PCA与LLE两种降维方法,提出新的PCA_LLE算法,使它们优势互补.在手写体数字数据集上进行实验,先对数据集降维,再用K近邻算法对降维后的数据分类.实验结果表明融合两种算法的PCA_LLE降维方法较原来的PCA和LLE算法准确率均有了提升.而且新算法PCA_LLE对新样本的降维时间较LLE算法减少很多.在ORL人脸数据集上的实验表明,PCA_LLE算法较PCA,LLE算法准确率有所提高.     

基于特征优选和图像相似度的人体动作识别算法

有效提取特征有利于提高后续人体动作识别的准确率。针对人体动作识别时方向梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gradient,HOG)特征维数过高和相似动作不好区分的问题,提出一种基于特征优选和图像相似度的人体动作识别算法。实验对比三种降维方法主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)、PCA+Pearson、PCA+Spearman处理后的动作识别率,证明PCA+Pearson相关系数的降维效果最佳。同时将全局特征八星模型与降维后的局部特征HOG特征组合在一起全面表征人体动作,并计算相邻两帧图像相似度,自适应分配一个判别周期内单帧支持向量机分类结果的统计权值,最后二次分类人体姿态识别结果。在标准数据集KTH上进行实验,该算法识别准确率为94. 5%,较其他方法有所提高,在视频人体动作识别领域有较好应用价值。     

拉普拉斯矩阵在聚类中的应用

高维数据受冗余数据和噪声数据的影响,聚类效率和准确率低,基于拉普拉斯矩阵的特征值和特征向量的特点,介绍了一种适用于高维数据的新的聚类中心选择算法,算法将拉普拉斯矩阵用于候选聚类中心选择前的数据降维处理,经过对数据进行降维处理,提高了候选聚类中心的准确性,增大了聚类准确率,扩大了聚类数据的种类范围.在10个包含不同数量样本、维度、类别数的数据集上进行了聚类分析,实验结果表明了基于拉普拉斯降维的新聚类中心选择方法的有效性.     

基于验证集辅助的脑电信号包裹式降维

当今时代信息技术的高速发展促使人们对人机交互领域投以更多的目光,随时监测操作者脑力负荷情况并依此对操作者的任务工作量进行调整,在当下有着重要意义。有研究表明,脑电信号功率谱密度对于脑力负荷分类任务较为适用,但脑电特征维数较高,极易出现维度灾难。目前机器学习中降维方面应用最广泛的算法为主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),针对主成分分析在脑电信号分类上的不适应性和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)对特征间关系的敏感性,提出了基于PCA-SVM与逐阶枚举法的包裹式降维方法,在特征工程阶段引入固定验证集概念辅助包裹式降维,以验证集精度为指标调整特征工程方案,以此提高数据降维后的可分性。由于引入了监督学习概念,实验结果表明,基于PCA-SVM与逐阶枚举法降维过后的数据分类精度要普遍高于只依靠传统PCA的降维方式,以此为高维生物电数据降维提供了新思路。     

基于小波变换和改进PCA的人脸特征提取算法

针对在人脸图像高维数据降维时单纯使用主成分分析(PCA)算法的提取精度和速度受限问题,  提出一种基于小波变换和改进PCA的混合特征提取算法. 该方法首先对人脸图像进行小波分解, 选取低频分量对人脸图像进行特征提取;然后利用改进的PCA算法进行主成分提取, 获得代表人脸特征的特征向量; 最后将该算法应用于Olivetti Faces人脸库数据集的图像分类. 实验结果表明, 经过该混合算法处理后的图像特征数据, 由卷积神经网络(CNN)算法分类识别时准确率提升10%, 识别速度提高约37%.     

基于主成分分析和支持向量机分类模型的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确率,提出一种基于主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和支持向量机(support Vector machine,SVM)模型的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.通过比较不同方法计算的标准差和拉依达准则对数据进行误差分析,利用MATLAB软件中的PCA函数对数据进行主成分分析,将8个原始变量降维成3个综合变量,分别从降维前和降维后的输入属性数据中随机选取70％的数据作为训练集来建立SVM分类模型和PCA-SVM分类模型,而把剩余的30％作为测试集来对模型的性能进行仿真测试.MATLAB仿真测试的结果表明,PCA-SVM模型的分类效果更好,其预测正确率对于绝大多数故障诊断来说是可以接受的,可以作为一种故障诊断的评价标准.     

基于互信息可信度的主成分分析数据降维

数据降维就是将数据集从高维特征空间向低维特征空间的映射.传统的主成分分析(PCA)算法是一种常用的线性数据降维算法.但是耗时太长,降维结果不够好,同时不能满足实际分类要求.为此,通过引入互信息可信度,提出了一种基于互信息综合可信度的主成分分析(MIS-PCA)数据降维算法.该算法首先介绍互信息(MI)、相对互信息可信度(MIR)和绝对互信息可信度(MIA)的思想;然后根据MIA和MIR求解互信息综合可信度(MIS),利用互信息综合可信度进行特征筛选;最后再运用PCA算法对处理后的数据进行降维,并将降维后的数据采用KNN、SVM算法进行分类.对比PCA、E-PCA算法,通过试验表明该方法的降维结果较好、分类精确度较高.     

一种基于SVM及LE降维的X射线焊缝缺陷分类算法研究

为了提高X射线焊缝缺陷分类的识别率,提出将拉普拉斯特征映射(Laplacian Eigenmaps,LE)算法与支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)算法相结合应用于焊管焊缝缺陷检测。该方法首先提取焊缝缺陷的形状和几何特征,然后通过极大似然估计值(Maximum Likelihood Estimation,MLE)法对提取的7维样本特征进行本征维数估计并利用拉普拉斯特征映射法对各类特征向量进行降维处理,最后分别采用支持向量机和BP神经网络进行分类对比实验。实验表明,基于SVM及LE降维的X射线焊缝缺陷分类算法具有较高的识别精度,平均分类准确率达93%,能够较准确地对焊缝缺陷进行分类识别。     

基于关联规则挖掘的赋权特征选择跌倒检测研究

针对穿戴式跌倒检测中特征属性过多,传统的降维和PCA赋权降维方法仅考虑了单个特征的重要度,未将特征组合的重要性考虑在内的问题,提出一种改进的基于关联规则挖掘的赋权特征选择方法。在特征降维过程中引入关联规则挖掘,根据频繁项集的支持度和置信度为特征赋权,实现特征选择。利用真实的数据集进行对比实验,结果表明:该方法分类的正确率、特异度和灵敏度均高于未经降维的原始数据集和经PCA赋权选择的数据集。该方法不仅能够实现对高维数据的降维,而且考虑了特征间的关联规则,能够得到更为优质的特征向量数据集。     

一种改进的主成分分析特征抽取算法:YJ-MICPCA

针对主成分分析(PCA)假设数据服从高斯分布的条件以及只能处理特征之间线性关系的不足,提出一种基于Yeo-Johnson变换和最大信息系数(MIC)的PCA特征抽取算法,命名为YJ-MICPCA。通过YeoJohnson变换改善原始数据分布,使其近似服从高斯分布,并将PCA中计算协方差矩阵转化为计算MIC矩阵的平方,使其也能处理特征间存在的非线性关系。以UCI机器学习数据库中的11个数据集为实验对象,采用支持向量机、朴素贝叶斯模型、k近邻算法这3种分类器,比较了YJ-MICPCA与PCA及其他常用非线性降维方法LLE、Isomap、MSD、KPCA的降维效果和分类精度,结果表明YJ-MICPCA总体上优于其他几种算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-