一种低合金低温铸钢及其组织与性能

针对极地石油钻机用大钩对材料的性能要求,设计了一种含Cr、Ni低合金低温铸钢,考察了不同热处理工艺对材料组织、室温力学性能以及低温冲击韧性的影响.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和透射电镜等手段分析了低温铸钢试样的微观结构、相组成及断口形貌.结果表明:该低温铸钢经930℃炉冷 920℃油冷 680℃空冷热处理后,其显微组织为回火索氏体,其中铁素体呈等轴状,渗碳体已趋于团球化;-20℃冲击功达到57 J,冲击断裂机制为韧性断裂,-45℃冲击功为32 J,冲击断裂机制为不完全脆性断裂.在此热处理条件下,低温铸钢试样表现出优良的室温综合力学性能和较高的低温冲击韧性,达到了石油钻机用大钩所要求的材质性能.     

高强钢Q460C对接焊缝低温冲击韧性试验

目的研究焊接高强度钢材Q460C低温下的断裂性能特征,以获得其对接焊件韧性受低温变化影响的规律,为此种钢材在低温环境下的应用提供试验依据.方法制备焊缝区及热影响区标准冲击试件,利用力学实验室低温环境保温箱及SANS型号摆锤式冲击试验机设备,对不同温度点下的试件进行冲击试验;并对试验数据用玻尔兹曼函数拟合,且对冲击试件断口电镜扫描分析.结果热影响区和焊缝区冲击韧性均随温度降低的下降而降低,而且热影响区的冲击功值较焊缝区的低;-60℃与-40℃温度下冲断的断口均呈现出显著的脆断特征.结论 Q460C高强度钢材焊缝区与热影响区有较明显的低温冷脆倾向.     

提高16Mn钢焊缝低温韧性的研究

本文通过多次实验,找出改善16Mn钢焊缝低温韧性的新工艺,即在淬火的基础上深冷处理(-196℃温度下的处理).可使带焊缝的16Mn钢试样的低温冲击值大幅度提高,并对深冷处理后能改善材料低温韧性的原因做了初步分析与探讨.     

S30408不锈钢角焊缝低温力学性能试验

焊接接头作为压力容器的重要组成,其低温下的力学性能直接影响容器的安全性．目前针对奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能研究主要集中在对接焊缝连接件,且试验温度多为常温和-196℃,对角焊缝在不同温度下的研究较少．为了研究S30408不锈钢角焊缝接头的低温力学性能,采用100 t万能试验机,在-60～20℃的温度范围内,进行了一批正面和侧面角焊缝接头试件低温下的拉伸试验,绘制其在各温度下的应力-应变曲线,以及焊缝强度、变形和破坏特征．采用热场发射扫描电子显微镜JSF对断口形貌进行了观测研究,分析其组织特点．试验结果表明：-60℃相较于20℃,正面角焊缝构件屈服强度提高了18%、抗拉强度提高了25%,侧面角焊缝构件分别提高了约35%和30%,低温强化效应显著;正面角焊缝构件的抗拉强度与侧面件的比值略小于理论值1.5;正面角焊缝受到拉力和剪力共同作用,20℃时其弹性模量为198 GPa,侧面构件仅受剪力作用,其弹性模量约102 GPa;弹性模量随温度降低增长缓慢,正面构件的弹性模量最大增幅为6%,侧面构件为9%;正面角焊缝的断口呈多边形韧窝形貌,侧面为剪切型韧窝形貌,温度降低,韧窝数量均减少,颜色变...     

电弧超声对09MnNiDR钢焊接接头冲击性能的影响

通过调制电弧激发出超声并应用于09M nN iDR钢的埋弧自动焊过程。采用常规焊接工艺参数,并加入不同频率的电弧超声进行焊接工艺评定。金相分析表明,在电弧超声作用下,焊缝结晶组织明显细化,焊缝区针状铁素体增加。冲击实验表明,接头的低温冲击韧性提高。尤其是在50 kH z超声作用下,-70℃下焊缝区和热影响区冲击韧性值较未加入超声时均提高了近50%,相应的断口扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明接头由解理断裂转变为韧性断裂。电弧超声还可降低接头对焊接热输入的敏感性,提高生产效率。实验证明电弧超声是提高低温钢焊接接头性能的一种有效的方法。     

铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性

为了优化生产工艺,探究化学成分对低温冲击韧性影响规律,通过夏比冲击试验方法研究了三组铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性,分析了硅碳含量对低温冲击韧性影响及断口形貌。结果表明：三组试样中,冲击韧性随碳含量增多和硅含量降低而升高;冲击韧度值随着温度的降低而下降,-20 ℃下可以达到15.20 J,冲击韧度值在温度低于-40 ℃后变化不大,韧脆转变温度在-40 ℃以上。冲击断口形貌表明,随温度降低,球墨铸铁的断裂机制由韧性断裂转为韧脆混合断裂,最后变为脆性断裂。可见碳硅含量会对低温冲击韧性造成一定影响。     

低温镍基焊条焊接的LNG储罐用9Ni钢接头的力学性能

采用3种药皮成分不同焊条对LNG储罐用9Ni钢进行焊接,利用多元热动力学相图计算软件JMat Pro的Scheil模型配合镍基合金材料数据库对相应焊缝熔敷金属进行偏析计算,通过光学显微镜(OM)分析熔敷金属的组织,并利用IPP软件观测枝晶间距.此外,通过硬度、拉伸和低温冲击等试验评定熔敷金属的力学性能.结果表明,Nb为正偏析元素,3种焊条的熔敷金属组织均由奥氏体树枝晶和析出相组成.OK92.55型焊条的熔敷金属具有更小的枝晶宽度和枝晶间距,这是由于Nb元素的偏析作用,形成的碳化物有抑制枝晶长大的作用,这促使其熔敷金属具有更大的断后延伸率和断面收缩率,具有良好的塑性.3种焊缝在热影响区的硬度最大,这是因为焊接热循环的作用.3种焊条熔敷金属的拉伸断口形貌均为韧窝和解理两种断裂方式相结合的形貌,说明它们既有塑性断裂,还有脆性断裂,但OK92.55型焊条熔敷金属的韧窝占比更高,证明其拉伸塑性较好.3种焊条的熔敷金属的低温冲击断口均为韧窝形貌,OK92.55型焊条熔敷金属的韧窝更深更小,表现出更好的低温韧性.     

Ti-B微量合金化元素对焊缝金属韧性的影响机制

通过向焊缝金属过渡微量的Ｔｉ－Ｂ元素,探讨了低合金高强钢焊缝金属的微观组织与组织与低温冲击韧性的关系。研究结果表明,向焊缝金属过渡适量的Ｔｉ－Ｂ元素,可以有效地抑制先共析铁素体的析出,使焊缝获得细小,均匀的针状铁素体组织,从而提高了焊缝的低温冲击韧性,通过透射电镜的观察,发现针状铁素体由许多位错亚结构组成,这相当于进一步细化了晶粒,是提高焊缝金属低温韧性的微观原因。     

焊接热输入对低合金高强钢焊缝组织和韧性的影响

摘要： 针对海上钻井平台桩腿用厚板低合金高强钢Q690E,研究不同焊接热输入对接头焊缝显微组织及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,当热输入从1.376 MJ/m提高到2.248 MJ/m时,焊缝区冲击韧性先升高再降低.当焊接热输入为1.56 MJ/m时,焊缝区微观组织以针状铁素体为主,低温韧性最好;采用小电流低速焊焊缝区组织更加均匀,冲击断口韧窝区所占比例更大,低温韧性更高;在热输入相同的条件下,单丝熔化极活性气体保护焊焊缝区以针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主,低温韧性优于双丝焊.     

X65钢高频焊管焊接区的显微组织和低温韧性

为查明X65钢高频焊管焊接区冲击功异常的原因,通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射对母材、焊缝及焊接热影响区进行微观研究.结果表明,显微组织对金属低温韧性有显著影响.当块状铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸大,硬度小,冲击功低;当多边形铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸小,硬度大,冲击功高.通过合理的热处理工艺,可在焊接区获得粒状铁素体组织,提高冲击功,改善焊缝和焊接热影响区低温韧性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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