具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

蛋白质结构样板库的构建及其总体特征

按照分辨率较高、同一性较低的标准 ,从 PDB库中选取高质量的蛋白质空间结构数据 ,构建了精度高于 0 .2 5nm、序列同一性低于 2 5%的样板数据库 SL CTBASE,其中有效残基数近 1 9万 .建库过程中 ,对 PDB原始数据文件进行了详细检验 ,发现其中包含有错误及可疑数据 .本文还统计了 SLCTBASE中主链键长、CA-CA距离、二面角的分布情况     

分布式数据库中海量数据采集完整性约束

在分布式数据库系统的建立过程中,需要把大量的异构信息转化成数据库管理系统可以识别和处理的数据.在把信息装载到数据库前,需要对这些源数据进行完整性校验.利用数据库关系的偏序性把数据划分成不相交的子集,给出了一种描述数据库统计概貌的模型,把全局完整性约束局部化,对以文件形式存在的源数据进行分布武完整性检查,然后在后台将其批量装载到数据库中.此种方法在黑龙江省防洪决策数据库系统的建立过程中,明显提高了数据的可信度及装载效率.     

一种适用于工业产品检测的小型数据管理系统设计

本文设计的数据管理系统适用于工业产品检测的数据管理．它避免了一般数据库系统存储记录长度受字段数限制的弱点，同时解决了通用数据库系统处理图形能力及对Ｉ／Ｏ端口等硬件操作能力较差的问题，满足了工业产品检测对数据处理的较高要求．     

基于AutoCAD的工程图纸可视化数字签名

数字化图纸是产品全生命周期过程中不断被传递的重要数据文件,安全有效地传递、存储、管理工程图纸成为数字化设计制造过程中需要解决的关键技术问题.探讨了将数字加密签名技术和CAD文件结合起来,通过在CAD软件中嵌入加密签名组件的方法,实现了在AutoCAD环境下的可视数字签名,使普通CAD文件变成具有安全属性的数字化图纸,为工程图文档管理或PDM提供了新的文件架构思路.     

数据库中三维模型的内存显示方式

在三维模型的应用中,将模型文件存储在数据库中是一种很好的管理方式.一般显示模型的做法是把数据库中的模型存储在临时文件中,再从这个文件中读取数据.文章提出了一种避免临时文件的显示方式,即将数据库中的模型暂存在内存中的一块区域,然后从内存中读取数据的显示方式.在这种方式下,内存中的数据以字节为单位赋值给用于显示的数据结构....     

PDS英制管件库公制化

本文在简单介绍了美国ＩＮＴＥＲＧＲＡＰＨ公司的ＰＤＳ产品之后，详细分析了ＰＤＳ的数据结构和管件放置的工作流程。针对ＰＤＳ所携带的数据库是美国英制管件库这种情况，本文提出了ＰＤＳ数据库公制化设想，并且对与公英制有关的所有数据文件，即材料等级列表文件、管件种类列表文件、管件规范库和几何尺寸库提供了具体的实现方法。     

一种基于B/S的农业资源综合数据服务系统──通用农业资源数据服务系统开发设计

基于浏览器 /服务器 (B/S)结构的通用农业资源数据库系统 ,将农业统计中常用的 5 0 0多个技术指标分成三大类 ,17个小类 ,基本涵盖了农业生产和管理统计的主要领域 普通用户通过浏览器实现对数据库的组合查询或浏览 ,也可将数据文件下载 系统提供了 9种统计分析方法以及 5种预测方法 ,授权用户可进行数据文件上载 管理员通过浏览器可对数据库进行管理维护     

基于HTTP协议和数据库的文件上传方法

提出一种基于HTTP洳议和数据库的文件上传方法，给出相应的实现算法。该方法通过表单提交文件信息，从多域数据流析取文件内容，并以二进制方式存入数据库的BLOB字段，从而实现文件上传。该方法具有结构化信息和非结构化信息同步上传、长文本和带格式文本可以以文件形式上传到数据库、维护难度低、扩展和移植方便等特点。     

从数据库中交互发布图像

讨论了文件方式交互发布图像的一般方法，通过ADO2．0访问SQLSERVER数据库，解析GIS图像的二进制数据的方法以及通过ActiveX打开和数据库的连接，把图像检索出来并存成临时文件，最后，介绍了通过ASP页面完成ActiveX交互发布图像文件的方法。     

利用pb数据管道完成的数据管理系统

综合数据库管理系统为办公自动化提供了极大的方便,为了可以兼容以前的各种数据库文件,利用当前比较流行的数据库前端开发软件Powerbuilder的数据管道功能以及面向对象的程序设计思想,开发了这套数据库管理系统,可以减轻数据库管理人员的负担.