超临界溶液快速膨胀制备灰黄霉素超细微粒

研究了含夹带剂的超临界溶液快速膨胀制备灰黄霉素超细微粒。结果表明，预膨胀压力和夹带剂浓度越大，沉析微粒越小；预膨胀温度越高，沉析微粒越大。模拟了超临界溶液在喷嘴入口段、喷嘴以及喷嘴后自由喷射段中的流速、压力、温度、过饱和度以及成核速率的分布。     

溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制备乙基纤维素微粒的研究

通过溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制得了乙基纤维素微粒．研究了溶液喷口流速、溶液浓度、温度、压力对颗粒粒径及其粒径分布的影响．结果表明，改变工艺参数，可在较大范围内调控微粒大小，所得微粒平均粒径为0．64～10．83μm．随着温度和溶液浓度的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布增加；随着压力和溶液喷口流速的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布减小．     

超临界流体技术进行熔融肉豆蔻酸的微粉化

设计和搭建了一套能够进行熔融物制备固体微颗粒的实验装置,利用超临界CO2以及超临界N2制备肉豆蔻酸的超细微粒,研究预膨胀压力、预膨胀温度、喷嘴大小对颗粒大小以及粒径分布的影响.结果表明:在研究范围内,随着预膨胀压力(8～16 MPa)的增加,肉豆蔻酸颗粒粒径变小和粒径分布变窄;随着预膨胀温度(50～70℃)的增加,肉豆蔻酸颗粒粒径变大和粒径分布变宽;喷嘴大小(60～120μm)对肉豆蔻酸颗粒几乎没有影响;使用超临界CO2制备的肉豆蔻酸颗粒形貌为不规则形状,但颗粒可以方便地控制在0.5～2μm内;使用超临界N2制备的肉豆蔻酸颗粒形貌为球状,颗粒可以控制在0.5～20μm内.     

以超临界CO2为稀释剂的胆红素重结晶提纯

以二甲基亚矾(DMSO)为溶剂，以超临界CO2为稀释膨胀剂，重结晶提纯胆红素。考察了DMS0膨胀度对胆红素溶解能力的影响。结果表明，胆红素的DMSO溶液经超临界CO稀释膨胀至3倍后，DMSO对胆红素的溶解能力显著下降。用不同的温度、压力、溶液加入量等备件，能有效地控制DMSO的稀释膨胀程度，从而在短时间内形成较大的过饱和度；使胆红素析出，分离母液后，获得长度<1um，直径<0．5um和颗粒较均匀的胆红素纯度太于90%     

琥珀酸氢十八酯(OHS)过饱和溶液的成核研究

为了探索培养ＯＨＳ优质单晶的优化条件，本义研究了过饱和ＯＨＳ 溶液的成核，测量了以诱导期表示的成核速率，报告了温度、过饱和度和溶剂对成核速率的影响，并根据经典成核理论计算了晶体的表面张力、成核自由能和临界成核半径。     

二水硫酸钙成核及生长现象的研究

研究了过饱和溶褐蠧aSO4*2H2O晶体成核及生长现象,同时对垢的形成机理进行了探讨.实验表明,成核延迟时间随溶液过饱和度增大而减小;CaSO4*2H2O晶体生长属于表面反应控制,且与粒径相关,晶体生长速度在(0.5×108～5.8×108)m/s之间(30℃,粒径(28～67)μm,Ca2+浓度0.035mol/L).乙     

马来酸氢十八酯过饱和溶液的成核研究

研究马来酸氢十八酯（ＯＨＭ）过饱和溶液的成核过程,测量以诱导时间表示的成核速率,讨论温度、过饱和比和溶剂对成核速率的影响,根据经典均匀成核理论计算了晶体的固－液表面张力、成核自由能和临界成核半径．结果表明,ＯＨＭ晶体过饱和溶液的成核速率随着温度和过饱和度的提高而增大,不同的溶剂有不同的数值．     

超临界反溶剂过程中液滴传质行为模拟研究

在超临界反溶剂(SAS)过程中,液滴的传质行为是影响微粒尺寸和尺寸分布的关键因素.建立了有机溶液液滴与超临界反溶剂之间的传质模型,用于模拟超临界反溶剂制备超细微粒的传质过程.根据所建的模型,在不同温度和压力下,对超临界CO2和丙酮液滴进行了传质模拟研究.研究结果表明,对于CO2-丙酮溶液系统,随着压力和温度的升高,液滴直径膨胀的比率增大,液滴寿命缩短,液滴中心密度最大值增大,液滴达到饱和需要的时间增长.由于液滴膨胀和寿命是影响微粒形态分布的主要因素,最大液滴直径越大,液滴的存在时间越短,则反溶剂过程越迅速;过饱和度越大,成核速率越大,系统的扰动程度越大,因而获得的微粒尺寸就越小而且尺寸分布越均匀.     

超临界CO2萃取木香挥发油的实验研究及数值模拟

采用单因素法,在流量2～4 L/min,木香颗粒度0.144～0.200 mm,萃取温度33～48℃,萃取压力10～25 MPa的范围内,利用超临界CO2萃取木香挥发油,分别考察了CO2流量、原料颗粒度、萃取温度及萃取压力等因素对挥发油萃取收率的影响;并根据萃取器微分单元和固态原料颗粒微分单元的质量守恒建立了微分方程,对一定萃取条件下的实验结果进行数值模拟。结果表明：在实验范围内,木香挥发油萃取收率随CO2流量增加而增大,随原料颗粒度减小而增大,随压力升高而增大,随温度则呈现出交叉现象。结论：CO2流量、原料颗粒度、萃取温度及萃取压力等对木香挥发油的超临界CO2萃取工艺有显著影响,所建立的数值模型能较好地描述实际萃取行为。     

超临界反溶剂过程制备四环素超细微粒

超临界反溶剂过程是近年来提出的一种制备纳微米粉体材料的新方法．实验以乙醇为有机溶剂,CO2为反溶剂,利用连续式超临界反溶剂过程制备四环素超细微粒．研究了操作压力、温度、浓度、喷嘴内径等操作参数对制备的四环素超细微粒形态、粒径及粒径分布的影响．实验结果表明：采用乙醇作为有机溶剂,在压力15．0MPa、温度35℃、溶液浓度5mg／mL及喷嘴内径75μm实验条件下可得到较理想的实验结果,制备出的四环素超细微粒平均直径为20～40nm．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that