考虑盐度因素的水中气泡上升规律表征研究

对考虑海水盐度因素的气泡上升规律进行研究,主要包括不同海水盐度对气泡脱离体积、瞬时稳态上升速度的影响。通过搭建气体水下排放试验台,使用常压空气和8种不同盐度的海水液体分别作为实验的气相和液相,将气泡划分为低雷诺数缓慢上浮及高雷诺数快速上浮两种运动状态;并分别进行实验。用高速摄影技术对气泡运动进行实验观察;并通过MATLAB编程对拍摄的图像进行分析处理。测定气泡脱离体积及瞬时稳态上浮速度。结果表示,气泡受海水密度、表面张力、黏性系数等物性条件共同作用,在低流速非射流工况下,随海水盐度的增加,气泡脱离体积减小;瞬时稳态速度属于低雷诺数上浮时,随盐度升高而增加明显;而属于高雷诺数上浮时,瞬时稳态上浮速度随盐度升高而缓慢降低。     

单个三维气泡运动的直接数值模拟

采用VOF（Volume—of-Fluid）中的PLIC（Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation）界面重构方法模拟了三维气泡在另一种静止流体中的上升和变形运动;在数值模拟的例子中分别考察了不同黏度和表面张力对气泡在上升过程中的变形及上升速度等的影响．计算结果表明,PLIC界面重构方法可以正确地模拟气泡的变形、破裂等过程．黏性和表面张力在气泡运动过程中的作用可以用Eoetvoes数和Reynolds数来描述．在相同的密度和黏度比的情况下,表面张力越大,则气泡的形状变化越小,上升的速度越快,表面张力起着使气泡保持原状的作用;黏性越小,则气泡在上升过程中射流穿透上表面的时间越早,变形速度越快．     

钻井环空中赫巴流体内气泡的上升速度

气泡在钻井环空中的运动规律是井筒多相流的一个研究重点,气泡上升速度则是其中的一个关键参数。井筒 内各流型内气泡/气体上升速度的准确性很大程度上影响了井筒多相流描述的精确性。为此,按照含气率对环空流型 进行了划分,对各流型气泡的运动行为进行了分析。系统地总结分析了单气泡在无限流域中的滑脱速度及气泡纵横 比的计算方法。利用赫巴流变模式对气泡周围表观黏度进行了修正,通过实例对比分析单气泡在赫巴流体内滑脱 速度几个计算公式,认为Rodrigue 公式相对于Harmathy 公式来说是极大的提高,能适应不同形状的气泡,可作为泡状 流流域气泡滑脱速度计算的首选公式。通过对单气泡滑脱速度进行含气率、尺寸和井斜修正,得出了环空中各流型的 气体滑脱速度计算方法,过渡流型的气泡滑脱速度则采用线性处理,并对环空气泡滑脱速度随含气率变化关系进行了 实例分析。最终通过漂移流模型给出了计算环空气泡上升速度的方法。     

鼓泡塔板上气泡运动行为的研究

本研究采用探针法测定了大型鼓泡塔上的气泡行为，给出了含气率，气泡直径分布及上升速度随轴向高度的变化关系，报气液流率对气泡行为的影响。     

规整填料内鼓泡流动的二维CFD模拟

规整填料内鼓泡流动现象的研究对于开发新型气液传质与反应设备具有重要的指导作用。为此应用VOF（Volume of Fluid）多相流模型建立了描述规整填料内部鼓泡流动现象的二维模型,模型中考虑了影响气液两相流动的两个重要作用力：表面张力和气液相间作用力。模拟计算结果显示,气泡在上升过程中自身振荡,随着入口气速的增大,气泡形变程度增大,并且伴有气泡聚并现象发生。气泡上升过程中,气泡周围液体的速度增大,并且形成大小不同的旋涡结构,单点速度值的波动程度随气体入口速度的增大而增大。     

气液固流化床气泡特性及气含率预测模型

气含率及气泡直径会直接影响流化床内的反应进程及传质效率，为更好地认识局部流动结构，径向气含率及气泡直径分布成为重点研究内容，特别是径向气含率预测模型的建立具有重要意义．已有平均气含率预测模型都有各自的适用范围，对不同实验体系的应用会表现出局限性．针对以上问题，本文结合电导探针测量法与流体仿真技术，以直径为100 mm和高度为1.5 m的气液固流化床为研究对象，系统地研究了在气相表观速度为0.014～0.283 m/s、液相表观速度为0.007～0.028 m/s、液相黏度为1～40 mPa·s、液相表面张力为0.053～0.072 N/m及固相体积分数为0～30%条件下径向气含率及气泡直径分布特征．结合本实验系统及相关研究数据，提出一种适用于气液固系统的平均气含率预测模型．基于此预测模型，进一步考虑气相表观速度及表面张力对径向气含率分布的影响，采用粒子群优化算法建立气液两相体系的径向气含率预测模型．结果表明：两相及三相体系平均气含率预测模型充分考虑了气液相表观速度、液相物性、固相物性及管径对平均气含率的影响，相比现有经典平均气含率预测模型，拓宽了适用范围并提高预测精度，其平均绝对百分比...     

超声空化气泡运动方程的求解及过程模拟

考虑液相的动力粘度、表面张力和溶剂的蒸气压对空化泡运动特性的影响,建立了超声作用于均相液体中空化泡运动的动力学模型,并用MATLAB工具对建立的普遍化的模型方程进行了数值求解和过程模拟.探讨了超声在水介质中传播时超声的频率、功率和空化泡的初始平衡半径对空化泡运动规律的影响以及声压幅值和液相主体温度对空化泡崩溃时的泡内温度和压力的影响,为超声的空化效应在化工过程中的研究和应用提供了基础理论依据.     

超临界流体中声空化泡的特性研究

根据物质的临界点物性参数,提出了在超临界流体中人为植入空化核的原则和方法.从超临界流体静压力高、表面张力小、空化泡内无蒸汽等物性特点出发,根据瑞利模型分析导出了超临界流体的空化阈值.考虑超临界流体具有很强的可压缩性,结合其物性特点,给出了能够用于超临界流体空化计算分析的简化Gilmore方程.根据美国国家标准局提供的超临界二氧化碳流体的物性数据,拟合出密度-压力关系式及声速-压力关系式,并用于Gilmore方程的计算.计算分析了超临界二氧化碳流体中空化泡的初始半径、流体温度、声压幅值、声波频率等因素对空化过程的影响.研究表明:超临界流体的空化阈值与其静压力相当;超声波声压幅值超过超临界流体的空化阈值后,气泡在超声波作用下的运动特征与在水等常规液体中的空化泡运动特征相同.     

脉动流化床气泡特性的研究

为了研究脉动流化床气泡特性,对流化床内气泡的特性进行了二维冷态模拟实验．利用摄像机捕捉流化床气固瞬间的流动状态,通过对图像进行分析,比较了脉动流化床和传统流化床内气泡尺寸,探讨了气泡平均上升速度和气泡尺寸受脉动参数和物料特性的影响．从实验可知,脉动气流可以抑制大气泡的形成,促进气固间的接触,且气泡的平均上升速度随脉动频率的增加有降低的趋势．     

液态金属熔体中气泡运动特性数值模拟

为了揭示高温液态金属熔体中气泡运动规律及其彩响因素,应用VOF方法对单个气泡在液态金属中的运动特性进行了数值计算,得到了与实验数据相符合的气泡变形及上升速度规律;分析预测了表面张力对气泡变形过程的影响及单个气泡在液态铝熔体中的运动轨迹．结果表明,气泡的变形随着奥托斯数的减小而减小;其运动规律是呈螺旋式上升的,容器半径越小、气泡越小,气泡的摆动幅度越大．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with