Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

Activated Sludge Ozonation to Reduce Sludge Production in MBR

The total experimental period was divided into two stages. At the first stage, a series of batch studies were carried out to get an understanding of the effect of ozouation on sludge properties. At the following stages, three MBRs with different amounts of activated sludge to be ozonated were run in parallel for a long period to evaluate the influence of sludge ozonation on sludge yield and permeate quality. Through batch study, it was found that ozone could disrupt the cell walls and caused the release of plasm from the cells, then the amounts of soluble organics in the solution increased with ozouation time. With the rise of soluble organics, the amount of soluble organics to be mineralized increased as well, which would reduce the soluble organics content. For the counteraction between these two aspects, a pseudo-balanee could be achieved, and soluble organics would vary in a limited range. Sludge ozonation also increased the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the solution. In addition, ozouation was effective in improving sludge settling property. On the basis of batch study, a suitable ozone dosage of 0.16 kgO3/kgMLSS was determined. Three systems were run in parallel for a total period of 39 days, it was demonstrated that a part of activated sludge ozonation could reduce sludge production significantly, and biological perfonnanee of mineralization and nitrification would not be inhibited due to sludge ozouation. Experimental results proved that the combination of ozonation unit with MBR unit could achieve an excellent quality of permeate as well as a small quantity of sludge production, and economic analysis indicated that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and sludge was only 0.096Yuan （US$ 0.011,5 ）/m^3 wastewater.     

解偶联代谢对活性污泥工艺中剩余污泥的减量化作用

为了有效减少活性污泥法中剩余污泥的产生,采用解偶联剂对活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥进行减量化研究。研究比较了5种化学解偶联剂对活性污泥系统的污泥减量化短期效应以及对基质去除率的影响,并对影响其作用的因素和解偶联剂在水和污泥中的分布进行了研究。结果表明:不同的解偶联剂,减量化效果差异明显,硝基类化合物比含氯类化合物的污泥减量化效果好。所有解偶联剂在对微生物进行解偶联的过程中并不影响微生物对基质的降解去除效果。污泥产率随着解偶联剂浓度的增加而减少,随着污泥浓度的增加而增加;在实验所选择的温度范围内(20℃～30℃),温度对解偶联作用的影响甚小;酸性条件能提高解偶联剂对污泥的减量效果。     

碱减量印染废水生物处理剩余污泥脱水性能的试验研究

碱减量印染废水生物处理产生的剩余污泥具有很大的比阻值，脱水性能很差；污泥中含有的聚合物及其亲水性的水解产物可能是其大比阻的主要原因。加入污泥调理剂，污泥调理剂和污泥颗粒之间通过电性中和、改变固体颗粒周围化学环境等复杂的作用，可以改善污泥的脱水性能。     

催化臭氧化降解土霉素的研究

采用Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂催化臭氧化降解土霉素,结果表明Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂具有较好的催化臭氧化性能．与单独臭氧化相比,反应20min后土霉素去除率由原来的2．4％提高到77．2％,60min后土霉素去除率由原来的44．5％提高到93．6％．Mn^2 ／MnO2催化剂的作用机理是催化臭氧分解产生了高活性的氧化剂——羟基自由基．     

爆炸冲击波破解剩余污泥的实验研究

为研究爆炸冲击波对剩余污泥的破解效果,进行了两种炸药(RDX和TNT)在不同装药量(10g和70g)和不同污泥质量浓度(20~50g·L^-1)下的实验,以破解前后的化学需氧量、肽聚糖、蛋白质的质量浓度及污泥粒径分布(D50)为指标进行评价.结果表明:随着装药量从10g增加到70g,各浓度检测指标均呈增加趋势,RDX的效果优于TNT;破解后的D50受炸药种类影响不大,均从约36μm降至约24μm.在70g装药量下,随着污泥质量浓度的增加,各浓度检测指标同样呈增加趋势,但对应的增长率主要呈先升后降的趋势;无论RDX还是TNT,爆炸破解后的D50均约24μm,污泥质量浓度的变化对其影响不大.     

臭氧对剩余污泥的破解效果研究

为研究臭氧对污泥的破解效果,在剩余污泥中通入臭氧进行静态试验。结果表明,随着臭氧氧化时间的增加,臭氧对污泥的溶胞效果有不同程度的改善:污泥液相中蛋白质的浓度和UV254均上升,蛋白质浓度最高达56.3 mg/L,30 min时增幅约为4.52倍,此时UV254增加率达到46.21%,表明臭氧处理污泥的最佳时间为30 min;pH随时间增加逐渐降低,但降低幅度不大;通过镜检观察和粒径测定,臭氧可以促进污泥絮体的破坏,使絮体颗粒变小、变分散。     

超声破解剩余污泥的研究

通过混合水平有交互作用的正交试验,考察超声时间、超声频率、超声功率和超声脉冲比及超声时间与频率、时间与功率和功率与频率因素间交互作用对剩余污泥超声破解效果的影响.研究结果表明:超声破解污泥的最佳参数组合为超声时间7min,超声频率20kHz,超声功率600W,超声脉冲比3∶1;3个因素间的交互作用不明显.考察超声破解7个不同MLSS(混合液悬浮固体浓度)污泥的情况,当适当提高污泥浓度时破解效果更佳;考察超声破解污泥时间曲线,超声破解污泥40min后各指标的破解率增加缓慢,在15~20min时超声破解污泥的能量利用率最高.     

双频超声波预处理剩余污泥的研究

采用双频超声波对剩余污泥进行了破解试验研究,选取超声波的双频组合、声能密度、超声时间3个因素进行了正交试验.结果表明,最佳的超声波双频组合为18 kHz/20 kHz,声能密度为0.1 W/mL,超声时间为50 s;在处理浓度相同而体积不同的剩余污泥时,NH 3?N含量随污泥体积的增加而呈下降趋势.     

剩余污泥减量化的初步研究

以水解酸化理论为基础介绍了剩余污泥水解酸化的机理。并通过比较实验，对水解酸化处理剩余污泥的技术方面问题进行了分析和探讨。结果表明，该方法处理剩余污泥运行稳定可靠，效果明显，并且对水处理当中的脱色、营养物补充有较大作用。     

高压喷射撞击流破解剩余污泥的研究

剩余污泥含有大量细菌、病毒和有机物,有可能造成二次污染.污泥破解有利于有机物的回收和有害物质的处理.研究了高压喷射撞击对污泥破解的作用.确定了撞击距离、撞击时间和撞击压力3个因素的最佳条件为:距离5cm,时间20~25min,压力13.79MPa.采用响应面法(response surface methodology,RSM)对破解效果和能耗进行了优化分析.以可溶性化学需氧量(soluble chemical oxygen demand,SCOD)的破解能耗比(disintegration energy ratio,DER)作为RSM的评价指标.考虑到破解效果和DER_SCOD,建议参数为距离5~6cm,时间15~20min,压力13.79MPa.该研究为污泥物理破解提供了新的思路.     

油田采油污水污泥干燥特性实验研究

以辽河油田某采油污水污泥为研究对象,在分析理化特性的基础上,研究了影响含油污泥干燥过程的因素及其规律.实验结果表明,掺煤量、粒径、干燥风温度、干燥风流量是影响油田含油污泥干燥速率的主要因素.掺煤比例越大,粒径越小,干燥风温度越高(在一定温度范围内),干燥风流量越大(在一定流量范围内),干燥速率越大;且当掺煤比例为20%,粒径为20 mm,干燥风温度为125℃时,这些因素对污泥干燥的强化效果愈加明显.     

污水厂剩余污泥的生物小循环多级处理研究

好氧生物处理会产生大量的、成分复杂的剩余污泥，如果处置不当容易造成二次污染。现有污泥处理工艺存在许多缺点。根据生态学理论，人工引入蚯蚓处理营养节，使剩余污泥量减小，并进行了有关蚯蚓处理剩余污泥的影响因素的实验研究。结果表明，采用人工养殖蚯蚓的方式处理剩余污泥是可行的。     

利用污水处理厂废弃污泥种植裂叶喜林芋的可行性初步研究

污水处理厂废弃污泥已经成为了一种新的污染源.为了实现其资源化利用、减少处置成本,节约土地资源,研究了高附加值观赏植物裂叶喜林芋在不同浓度污泥中的生长情况.结果表明,添加一定比例的废弃污泥不但适合裂叶喜林芋的种植,还能促进其生长.综合考虑植物生长速度、体内叶绿素、Fe及主要重金属含量后,认为添加50%的污泥较为适合裂叶喜林芋种植.     

活性污泥好氧/厌氧合成聚-3-羟基丁酸酯

~~活性污泥好氧/厌氧合成聚-3-羟基丁酸酯@林东恩$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @张逸传$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @郭世骚$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @沈家瑞$华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院!广东广州510640~~~~~~~~     

驯化污泥的投加对污泥产酸过程的影响

城市污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥常用作厌氧水解产酸的原料,可为反硝化工艺提供可利用碳源.本文通过实验研究了在不同的驯化污泥与未驯化污泥质量比（n）下,剩余污泥厌氧水解酸化过程中pH、ORP、SCOD、TOC、TN、NO3-N、NO2-N和MLSS的变化规律.综合各因素分析,结果表明：最佳配比方式为n=1∶2.在此配比下,SCOD和TOC分别能达到的最大值为5006.7mg/L和2060mg/L,反应时间为3d.     

臭氧化反应在有机合成上的应用 外消旋、左旋、右旋反式-2,2-二甲基-3-异丁烯基环丙烷羧酸及其酯的臭氧化反应研究

外消旋、左旋和右旋反式-2,2-二甲基-3-异丁烯基环丙烷羧酸(菊酸)和它们的酯,经臭氧化反应很方便地以较高的收率制得了外消旋,左旋及右旋反式-2,2-二甲基-3-醛基环丙烷羧酸(蒈醛酸)和它们的酯。本文叙述了臭氧化反应可能的过程及其机理,研究了反应的温度和溶剂等条件对产物收率的影响。     

γ-射线辐照法处理剩余活性污泥的试验研究

采用γ-射线辐照法对城市剩余活性污泥进行处理,探讨了γ-射线辐照对污泥理化性质的影响.试验结果表明,在吸收剂量为0~15 k Gy范围内,污泥的p H和ORP没有显著变化,不会对污泥后续处理处置带来不利影响.污泥碱度有所提高,沉降—浓缩性和离心脱水性得到明显改善,TS、VS、TSS和VSS均有所下降,表明γ-射线可以破解污泥细胞组分,有利于污泥减量.     

Comparative Study of Ozonation and Catalyzed Ozonation Processes for Drinking Water Treatment by Pilot Test

The ozone consumption effect and organic removal ability of metal coated cordierite ceramic honeycombs catalytic ozonation (catazone) process and ozonation process were comparatively studied by pilot-scale experiments. By Scan Electron Microscope (SEM),Atomic Force Microscope (AFM),BET,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis,metal oxides attached to ceramic surface were found to be in the form of crystal cluster,and the pore structure of ceramics was less developed. The air flow statuses of vaca...