应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程组织演变的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对GH625合金进行了以不同变形温度、不同应变速率变形到真应变值为0.7的热压缩试验,以研究其热变形过程的动态再结晶组织演变.利用光学显微镜（OP）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶形核机制的影响.结果表明:应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,实际变形温度高于预设温度,产生变形热效应.GH625合金热变形过程的组织演变是一个受应变速率和变形温度控制的过程,在应变速率·ε≤1.0s^-1时,GH625合金动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数随着应变速率的升高而降低,动态再结晶形核机制是由晶界弓弯的不连续动态再结晶机制和亚晶旋转的连续动态再结晶机制组成;在应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,由于变形热效应使动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数迅速升高,动态再结晶机制则是以弓弯机形核的不连续动态再结晶机制为主.     

ZK31+0.3Yb镁合金的热力模拟

通过热压缩变形实验, 利用光学显微镜观察, 对ZK31 0.3Yb镁合金变形过程的流变应力和组织演变进行研究. 研究结果表明: 663 K/0.1 s-1是最佳的变形条件, 在此条件下, 合金的流变应力低, 动态再结晶充分激发, 合金的塑性好;当变形温度降至623 K和573 K时, 动态再结晶不能充分激发, 合金变形的流变应力明显提高, 尤其是573 K变形时流变应力达到185 Mpa;而变形温度提高到723 K时, 晶界处形成楔形裂纹, 合金的塑性差;在663 K时变形, 尽管应变速率降低至0.001 s-1, 合金的动态再结晶充分激发, 流变应力下降, 但变形的进程被减缓;当变速率提高到1.000 s-1时, 晶粒间的协调变形不能发挥作用, 合金的塑性最差.     

Mg-5.3Zn-0.8Zr镁合金高温变形行为的热模拟研究

采用Gieeble-1500热模拟试验机进行压缩实验,研究Mg-5.3Zn-0.8Zr镁合金在变形温度为473～723 K、应变速率为0.01～1.00s-1的变形行为.分析合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,计算高N(573～723 K)下合金变形时的应力指数和变形激活能,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建该合金高温塑性变形的本构关系.研究结果表明:在实验变形条件范围内,合金的真应力-真应变曲线为动态再结晶型;在573～723 K,应力指数随着变形温度升高而增加,而且增加的幅度逐渐增大,变形激活能随着变形温度和应变速率的改变而发生变化.     

690合金高温连续变形动态再结晶行为

应用液压机对690合金圆锥试样在3种不同温度下(1100、1140和1180℃)进行连续压缩变形实验,利用光学显微镜和背散射衍射技术研究690合金在热加工过程的动态再结晶行为.研究发现:在连续热压缩变形过程中动态再结晶以三叉晶界形核—原始晶界形核—孪晶形核(孪晶界和孪晶碎化)—晶内形核的顺序发展,而孪晶促进了690合金的再结晶过程.     

15Cr-25Ni-Fe基高温合金的动态再结晶行为及机制

利用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机对15Cr25NiFe基高温合金在950～1 200 ℃和0.001～10.000 s-1条件下进行了热压缩试验,采用热变形激活能模型研究了该合金两个动态再结晶区域的热变形表观激活能,结合再结晶的光学显微组织及透射电子显微组织分析该合金的动态再结晶机制.研究结果表明:应变速率0.010～0.100 s-1,温度1 050～1 200 ℃的动态再结晶区域受动态再结晶的形核过程控制,所得组织为等轴晶粒,尺寸分布较分散,晶界呈自然凹凸状.应变速率2.000～10.000 s-1,温度1 000～1 150 ℃的动态再结晶区域受动态再结晶的长大过程控制,晶粒为尺寸均匀的等轴晶粒,晶界平直,晶内有丰富的亚晶组织.     

铸态AZ91镁合金的压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了铸态AZ91镁合金在变形温度为473～673 K,应变速率为0.005～5 s-1条件下的压缩变形行为.结果表明,实验合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而增大,并且符合Zener-Hollomon参数的幂指数关系.通过对实验数据进行多元回归分析,所得流变应力方程中的参数β、A和变形激活能Q分别为0.101 5,2.386 3×109和175.667 kJ/mol.合金在不同温度阶段呈现不同的组织特征,当变形温度为473 K时,合金显微组织以孪晶、滑移带为主;当变形温度为573～673 K时,则以动态再结晶晶粒为主.为进一步系统研究该合金的塑性加工提供一定的实验依据.     

800H合金热变形行为研究

通过高温单道次压缩实验,研究800H合金在变形温度850～1 050℃和应变速率0.01～10 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织变化.根据单道次压缩实验数据,绘制了不同变形条件下的800H合金真应力-真应变曲线,通过非线性回归建立了流变应力数学模型;通过线性回归建立了不同温度区间内热变形本构方程.分析了热变形条件对合金微观组织的影响,结果表明:动态再结晶更有可能发生在低应变速率和高变形温度的变形条件下;当变形温度低于950℃时,沿晶界析出的Cr23C6粒子对动态再结晶的发生有一定的抑制作用.     

变形条件对1235铝合金热变形微观组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究变形条件对1235铝合金高温变形组织的影响.采用OM、TEM分析合金在不同压缩条件下的组织形貌特征,采用TCI图像分析系统测量热变形微观组织的平均晶粒尺寸.结果表明,在同一应变速率下,随变形温度的升高,其动态软化行为不同,573 K时主要是动态回复;大于623 K时,主要是动态再结晶,在673 K时的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸最小.在低应变速率下,合金的组织均匀、晶粒尺寸小,发生完全动态再结晶;在高应变速率下,合金的组织则呈拉长状,组织不均匀、晶粒尺寸相对较大,发生了局部动态再结晶.随变形量的不断增加,合金的组织由等轴状变为纤维状,大应变量时合金再次进入加工硬化状态.     

薄带连铸取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为

薄带连铸流程下取向硅钢粗大λ晶粒(〈100〉//ND,normal direction)的“遗传”会导致磁性能恶化.为解决这一问题,针对取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为开展研究,结果表明:凝固组织粗大的取向硅钢在650℃热轧时可产生大量112〈111〉形变孪晶,这与具有高层错能的硅钢在较高温度下难以孪生变形的传统认知不同.热轧过程中复杂的应力状态降低了变形孪晶的取向依赖性,由于具有更高的储存能,孪晶界/孪晶界及孪晶界/晶界交叉点成为再结晶形核的优先位置,大大提高了常化过程中的再结晶率,受沿孪晶界应变分布及孪晶间距离的限制,沿孪晶界形核的再结晶晶粒通常呈“饼状”,最终形成以细小且取向漫散的再结晶晶粒为主的常化组织,消除了初始凝固组织中有害的粗大λ晶粒.     

DZ40M合金再结晶形核的唯象行为

以DZ40M合金为研究对象,采用金相组织观察和EBSD晶粒取向分析技术,分析了DZ40M合金的再结晶形核位置与形核后的晶粒取向之间的关系.研究表明:DZ40M合金经压痕变形后,在退火过程中发生的再结晶晶粒主要在初生碳化物周围和枝晶间形核;初生碳化物处形核的再结晶晶粒主要位于〈112〉取向上,而枝晶间形核的再结晶晶粒为〈110〉取向.合金中的二次碳化物M23C6在晶界、亚晶界和位错上析出,能够阻碍再结晶核心的形成.当退火温度低于1423 K时,M23C6的析出数量较多,尺寸小且间距小,可以有效地抑制合金的再结晶形核,降低再结晶形核率.     

Compressive deformation behavior of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy

The medium and warm deformation behaviors of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy were investigated by compression tests at temperatures between 298 and 523 K and strain rates of 0.001–10 s?1. It was found that the twinning-slip transition temperature was strain rate dependent, and all the true stress-true strain curves could be divided into two groups: concave and convex curves. Associated microstructural investigations indicated that the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of the alloy varied with deformation conditions. At high strain rate and low temperature, dynamically recrystallized grains preferentially nucleated and developed in the twinned regions, indicating that twinning-induced DRX was dominant. While, at low strain rate, DRX developed extensively at grain boundaries and twins, and the process of twinning contributed to both oriented nucleation and selective growth. For the studied alloy, cracks mainly initiated from the shear band and twinning lamellar over the ranges of temperature and strain rate currently applied.     

Hot deformation behaviors of WE71 alloy under plain strain compression at elevated temperature

Hot deformation behaviors of WE71 (Mg–7Y-1Nd-0.5Zr) alloy was investigated by plain strain compression tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 500 °C and strain rates varying from 0.01 s^-1 to 10 s^-1. Results show that the hot deformation of WE71 was accompanied by the precipitation of rich Zr phase with granular shape and block-shaped phase rich in element Y. When deformed at low temperature and high strain rate, the softening behavior of the alloy was synergically determined by shear bands propagation, adiabatic heating, twinning formation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). For the conditions of high temperature and high strain rate, DRX was the major softening mechanism while the formation and annihilation of extension twinning resulted in a special flow curve characteristic at the strain of around 0.3. According to the microstructural observations, it can be concluded that the irregular flow curves of WE71 alloy during plain strain compression process are mainly ascribed to shear bands propagation, adiabatic heating, twinning formation and DRX.     

Ti-7333合金β锻动态再结晶行为

 利用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机研究了在温度870～970℃和应变速率0.001～10s^-1范围内,近β钛合金Ti-7333 β锻热变形的组织演化规律及动态再结晶行为.实验结果表明,Ti-7333钛合金在温度较高、应变速率较低的情况下变形时,表现出典型的动态再结晶行为,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和再结晶体积分数均随变形温度升高和变形速率降低而增大,而应变速率对再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响较显著.在变形速率较高(>0.1s^-1)且变形温度较低(<870℃)时,晶粒严重变形拉长,但动态再结晶将很难发生.因子Z决定着动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,二者之间为幂指数关系.通过回归分析方法得出动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的数学表达式为：lnD_r=8.50949-0.31411lnZ.采用该表达式可以对一定变形条件的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸进行精确预测,从而为Ti-7333钛合金热变形条件下的组织控制提供可靠依据.不适当的热变形工艺会造成组织粗大或者不均匀,进而使材料性能恶化.因此,应该从材料组织均匀性和晶粒细化角度选择最佳的热变形参数.     

Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金高温热变形行为研究

通过热模拟,微观组织观察等试验研究了Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在高温下的热变形行为。结果发现：在变形过程中,晶界上的块状14H型LPSO结构相会垂直于压缩方向分布;随着变形温度的降低、变形速率的减小和变形量的增加,晶粒内部的针状14H型LPSO结构相不断增多;合金的热变形激活能为290.39 kJ/mol;在变形过程中,晶界上的块状14H型LPSO结构相可以起到诱导动态再结晶的作用。     

Coexisting brittle-ductile fracturing mechanisms in fault zones of the upper crust level

Microstructural and sub-microstructural studies are conducted on calcite marble taken from the Autseib fault zone, Damara region, Namibia, SW Africa. The characteristic microstructural styles of rocks deformed in the upper crust are analyzed, including mainly the two microstructural contrasts in the tectonites: (i) coarse grains (centimeter scale) in primary rocks and in deformed clasts and extremely fine grains (micron scale) in the matrix; and (ii) macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) and microscopic mylonitic (ductile) textures. The coexistence of the macroscopic brittle and microscopic ductile textures is better explained by deformation through a comprehensive association of intragranular twinning and kinking, intraand intergranular ductile fracturing, and pressure solution along grain boundaries. Ductile fracturing, i.e. fracturing triggered and accommodated by twinning and fluid-enhanced dislocation creep and dynamic recrystallization, is among the most important mechanisms of rock deformation in the shallow crust, while grain size reduction and dynamic recrystallization are primarily nucleated and distributed due to the incoherencies along some boundaries, e.g. kink band boundaries, fractures and grain boundaries in the deformed grains.     

S38MnSiV非调质钢热变形行为及组织演变

利用MMS-300热模拟试验机开展单道次压缩实验和光学显微组织观察,研究了S38MnSiV非调质钢在温度为1173~1423K及应变速率为001~10s-1条件下的热变形行为,获得了应变速率和变形温度对该钢动态再结晶行为及组织的影响规律,按照双曲正弦方法确定了实验钢的热变形激活能和本构方程.结果表明:变形温度越高,应变速率越低,越有利于动态再结晶的发生;随着动态再结晶的进行,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随应变的增加逐渐减小;当应力达到稳态时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸不再随应变而发生变化.     

Effect of initial orientation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding

In this study, effects of initial orientation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding(AEB) was systematically studied. The samples with RD and TD parallel to extrusion direction(ED) were labeled as RED and TED, respectively. RD and TD pieces alternately stacked was named as RTED. The results revealed that under three-dimensional compressive stress, {10-12} tensile twinning dominated the first stage deformation in container. ...     

Effect of compression direction on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of continuous columnar-grained CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of continuous columnar-grained (CCG) CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy was investigated by hot compression along the solidification direction (SD) and perpendicular to the solidification direction (PD). Specimens were compressed to a true strain of 0.8 at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 900℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10 s-1. The results indicate that DRX nucleation at grain boundaries (GBs) and DRX nucleation at slip bands (SBs) are the two main nucleation modes. For SD specimens, C-shaped bending and zig-zagging of the GBs occurred during hot compression, which made DRX nucleation at the GBs easier than that at the SBs. When lnZ ≤ 37.4 (Z is the Zener–Hollomon parameter), DRX can occur in SD specimens with a critical temperature for the DRX onset of ~650℃ and a thermal activated energy (Q) of 313.5 kJ·mol-1. In contrast, in PD specimens, the GBs remained straight, and DRX nucleation occurred preferentially at the SBs. For PD specimens, the critical temperature is about 700℃, Q is 351.7 kJ·mol-1, and the occurrence condition of DRX is lnZ ≤ 40.1. The zig-zagging of GB morphology can significantly reduce the nucleation energy at the GBs; as a result, DRX nucleation occurs more easily in SD specimens than in PD specimens.