Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

Silk Fibroin Film Blended with Poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）

To improve the toughness of silk fibroin（ SF） films,poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）（ PEGG） was synthesized with ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin. The SF / PEGG blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution and their structures were characterized. The PEGG was in liquid state at room temperature so it will not be a single phrase at blend film. It crosslinked with SF and made it insolubility in water. The results of X-ray diffraction（ XRD） indicated that the crystallinity of the SF in the blend films decreased with the content of PEGG increasing. The tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application.After the blend films were stored at room temperature for 100 d,the crystallinity, the tensile strength and elongation at wet state increased. The blend films are superior to SF films in providing excellent flexibility and mechanical properties in both dry and wet states. Based on the fact that SF has good biocompatibility,the SF /PEGG blend film will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.     

淀粉链支比对淀粉/琼脂复合膜微结构及性能的影响

 采用流延法制得不同配比的淀粉/琼脂复合膜，研究了不同链支比的淀粉对淀粉/琼脂复合膜微结构及性能的影响。对制得的复合膜进行扫描电镜（SEM）观察、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）测试、X-射线衍射（XRD）测试、机械性能测试以及亲疏水性能测试，对不同配比淀粉/琼脂复合膜的微结构及性能进行了对比。研究结果表明，琼脂含量一定时，Waxy/琼脂复合膜的断裂伸长率小于另外两种；随着琼脂含量的增加，各复合膜的拉伸强度增加，且G50/琼脂复合膜的水接触角显著增加，而琼脂较弱的亲水性降低了复合膜表面的亲水性。     

戊二醛交联对壳聚糖/PVA共混膜结构和性能的影响

用流延法成功制备聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖共混膜,然后进行戊二醛交联处理.用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对经过湿热处理和交联的共混膜进行了表征,测试了膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,经戊二醛交联的膜结晶被部分破坏.共混膜的吸水性实验表明,壳聚糖/PVA共混膜的pH敏感性可通过控制交联剂浓度改变.该法可以在壳聚糖/PVA共混膜控释体系的后处理方面得到应用.     

新型完全生物降解农膜的田间降解性能研究

研制和开发可降解农膜是解决白色污染最有效的途径。为研究生物降解农膜的田间降解行为,本文系统考察了在自然条件下全生物降解农膜(PLA-PEG共聚物)在新疆石河子地区棉田的降解性能,利用红外光谱、X线衍射、分子量拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及热重等分析对农膜结构和性能的变化分析检测。实验结果表明:随着铺膜时间的增长,农膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和分子量呈下降趋势;4个月以后,分子量由5.43×10~4降低到了2.5×10~4;农膜的机械性能几乎完全丧失,在不同的方向上拉伸强度分别由24.70、27.49和31.93 MPa降低到了3.17、7.52和3.76 MPa。在正常自然气候条件下4个月内,农膜在田间能基本保持较好性能,具有一定的推广价值。     

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of CMSLDS/Acrylate Copolymeric Blending Films for Warp Sizing

Carboxymethyl starch with lower degree of substitution was blended with acrylate copolymer for revealing the relation between mechanical properties and chemical structure of blending film.Effects of carboxymethylation of starch,acrylate constituent units of acrylate copolymers,and copolymer content of the film on the properties were investigated.The mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of tensile strength,breaking elongation,abrasion resistance,and flex-fatigue resistance.Film morphology was examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and atomic force microscope (AFM).It was found that the properties depended on the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl starch,chemical structure of acrylate units,and content of acrylate copolymer.Phase-separation of the two ingredients occurred within film matrix and the separation was decreased after starch carboxymethylation.Breaking elongation and flex-fatigue resistance of the film reached maximums when acrylate copolymer content was 50%.Excessively increasing the content of acrylate copolymer reduced the film properties.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/氧氟沙星共混无纺布的制备及体外释放研究

以静电纺丝法制备了具有抗菌性能的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/氧氟沙星共混无纺布,测定了共混无纺布的力学性能,通过红外光谱(FT-IR) 、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构性能进行了表征,选出了载药量较大、力学性能较好(壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇质量比为7,氧氟沙星质量分数为4%)的共混无纺布,在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中对其进行了体外药物释放实验。结果表明,所得的无纺布纤维直径均匀,平均为200nm。聚乙烯醇可以改善氧氟沙星/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混无纺布的力学性能;氧氟沙星在壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜中有良好的相容性;氧氟沙星在pH为7.40的缓冲溶液中达到释放平衡时需要6h。     

影响魔芋葡甘聚糖/碳酸钙复合膜拉伸强度的因素

采用共混法制备了魔芋葡甘聚糖／碳酸钙（KGM／CaCO,）复合膜,研究了影响复合膜拉伸强度的因素。结果表明：KGM浓度在0．8％～1．5％范围内变化时,对KGM／CaC03膜的拉伸强度的影响不大;CaCO3：KGM的质量比在5-10到6：10之间膜的拉伸强度最好;随着表面活性剂量的增加,膜的拉伸强度增加,然而当其量超过1．0％时,KGM／CaC03膜的拉伸强度降低;当pH升至8左右时,KGM／CaC03膜拉伸强度达到最大。复合膜的拉伸强度随紫外照射时间的增加而增加,且在1h时达到最大,超过1h后的辐照将导致复合膜拉伸强度下降。红外光谱分析表明适度的紫外辐照可促使KGM分子之间交联,但过长时间的辐照则导致KGM分子链断裂,膜的拉伸强度降低。     

Structure and Property of Silk Fibroin ／ Cellulose Blend Film

Silk fibroin/cellulose blend films were prepared using Nmethylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as solvent. The effects of different proportions and solid contents on properties of blend films were discussed. The mechanical properties showed that the blend films had preferable moisture permeability and a high strength. The structures of the blend films were investigated by infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated the occurrence of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups of cellulose and amido groups of fibroin.     

海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜的结构与性能研究

利用溶液共混法制备了新型共混膜:海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜,通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,并测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率和吸水率.结果表明:共混膜中海藻酸、淀粉和羧甲基纤维素之间具有较强的相互作用和良好的相容性.共混膜具有良好的力学性能,在生物材料领域有潜在利用价值.     

碱浸处理对壳聚糖膜性质的影响

分别通过浇铸-蒸发法和浇铸-蒸发-碱浸法制备了壳聚糖膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、Fourier红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对膜的微观结构进行了表征,并分析了碱浸处理对膜的外观形貌、厚度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、可挥发物含量、接触角、水蒸气透过系数、总溶解物含量和溶胀指数等性质的影响.结果表明:碱浸处理将膜中的壳聚糖乙酸盐还原为壳聚糖,降低了膜中共价键的振动强度,但对膜的表面形貌没有影响.壳聚糖膜经过碱浸处理后,其厚度、可挥发物含量、总溶解物含量、溶胀性都减小,其接触角、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率都增大.碱浸法处理提高了壳聚糖膜的机械性能和防水性能.研究结果为经过碱浸处理的壳聚糖膜的实际应用提供了技术依据.     

光/生物降解塑料薄膜制备及其性能研究

以玉米淀粉、低密度聚乙烯和线型低密度聚乙烯为主要原料,制得光/生物降解塑料薄膜,所得降解薄膜中淀粉质量分数约为30%,厚度约为20 μm.研究结果表明:吹膜料的流变性能接近聚乙烯,为剪切变稀的假塑性流体,可用通用塑料加工设备加工;该薄膜的力学性能接近纯聚乙烯薄膜,并具有较好的光降解性能;薄膜经紫外光照射或曝露在户外均可发生明显降解,其降解产物中含有羰基和不饱和碳-碳双键的聚合物.     

壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附性能

先以天然鳞片石墨为原料,硝酸与磷酸为插层剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备膨胀石墨,再与壳聚糖按一定的配比制备壳聚糖/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂;利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对壳聚糖/膨胀石墨进行表征;以壳聚糖/膨胀石墨为吸附剂,对刚果红废水进行吸附,考察壳聚糖/膨胀石墨的配比、吸附剂用量、刚果红质量浓度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响. 实验结果表明：壳聚糖已与膨胀石墨成功结合;当m（膨胀石墨）∶m（壳聚糖）= 3∶1、吸附剂用量为1.75 g/L、刚果红质量浓度为250 mg/L、在室温下吸附40 min时,吸附效果最好;吸附过程更符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程;实验数据与Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度更好,壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附过程为单分子层吸附.     

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol) film reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/nano-titanium dioxide (ST/PVA/nano-TiO₂) nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution casting method. Their biodegradability, mechanical properties, and thermal properties were also studied in this paper. A general full factorial experimental approach was used to determine effective parameters on the mechanical properties of the prepared films. ST/PVA/TiO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical analysis show that ST/PVA films with higher contents of PVA have much better mechanical properties. In thermal analysis, it is found that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the films. SEM micrographs, taken from the fracture surface of samples, illustrate that the addition of PVA makes the film softer and more flexible. The results of soil burial biodegradation indicate that the biodegradability of ST/PVA/TiO₂ films strongly depends on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate is increased by the addition of starch in the films.     

丝胶蛋白膜的制备及其物理性能

以环氧树脂作为交联剂制备具有一定力学性能的丝胶蛋白膜。用X-射线衍射法研究丝胶蛋白膜的聚集态结构；对丝胶蛋白膜的热水溶失率和力学性能进行测定；并探讨了交联剂种类、比例对丝胶蛋白膜性能和结构的影响。结果表明，交联剂对丝胶蛋白膜的交联作用明显，引起了丝胶结晶形态的变化；并改善了丝胶蛋白膜的物理性能，交联剂PEGO10加入30％左右所制得的丝胶蛋白膜拉伸断裂强度和断裂伸长率较好。     

热塑性聚氨酯-聚酰亚胺合金的制备及其性质研究

众所周知,聚氨酯弹性体（ＰＵ）具有橡胶和塑料的优良性能,它们耐磨、耐低温、柔韧性好,目前已发展成为一类很重要的工程材料［１,２］．然而由于用普通方法制备的聚氨酯耐高温性能不好,当它们加热到８０～９０℃时,一些实用力学性能,比如,强度、模量等都已消失,当加工温度达到２００℃时,聚氨酯材料将发生热降解．以上的缺点限制了聚氨酯弹性体的广泛使用．长期以来,如何提高聚氨酯材料的热稳定性已成为研究热点．一般常用方法是在聚氨酯化学结构中引入热稳定性的链段．聚酰亚胺（ＰＩ）作为一类综合性能优越的芳香族耐高温聚合…     

提高壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜机械性能的研究

采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计方法,探讨了壳聚糖纳米SiOx复合膜的优化工艺条件,用流延法制得分散比较均匀的纳米复合膜,并对涂膜结构进行红外光谱（IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征。结果表明：复合膜（CTS-SiOx）中壳聚糖与SiOx粒子表面的大量羟基存在强烈的氢键相互作用,当壳聚糖为1.98g、SiOx 0.017g、单甘酯0.04g时,壳聚糖复合涂膜拉伸强度达到最优值,以壳聚糖单膜相比,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和直角撕裂强度分别提高了49％, 45％和12%。复合膜的性能优于简单膜。     

丙烯酰胺接枝活化淀粉共聚物的结构表征

以机械活化淀粉(St)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过反相乳液聚合法制备了机械活化30min和60min的两种淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物（M30-St-g-PAM、M60-St-g-PAM）。考察了索氏抽提时间对接枝率的影响,采用红外光谱、电镜扫描、X射线衍射、热分析等手段研究了接枝共聚物的结构,并与原玉米淀粉接枝共聚物（St-g-PAM）比较。实验结果显示,丙烯酰胺成功接枝于活化淀粉上;M30-St-g-PAM和M60-St-g-PAM具有网状多孔洞结构,丙烯酰胺与淀粉的接枝共聚反应在淀粉的无定型区和结晶区同时发生,机械活化有效地提高了玉米淀粉的化学反应活性;共聚反应改变了原淀粉的聚集状态,接枝产物基本上为无定型的聚集态结构;热稳定性比St-g-PAM增强。M60-St-g-PAM与M30-St-g-PAM相比接枝反应不均,热稳定性稍有下降。确定了以乙二醇/冰乙酸 (体积比60∶40) 为抽提溶剂完全除去均聚物的抽提时间为8h。     

醛交联剂对壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响

以壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、淀粉为原料,通过交联反应制备了壳聚糖复合膜,详细讨论了甲醛、戊二醛、乙二醛3种交联剂对膜性能的影响。结果表明：pH值对甲醛、戊二醛、乙二醛交联复合膜的性能均有显著的影响。强酸条件下反应速度快,相容性强。随着pH值的增加,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都降低,甲醛和乙二醛交联膜的吸水率和透水率增加,而戊二醛交联膜的吸水率和透水率降低。随着pH的改变,戊二醛和乙二醛交联膜呈现不同颜色。醛的用量对膜的性能影响显著,随着醛用量的增加,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率先增后降,吸水率和透水率逐步降低,过量的醛会使膜的性能变差。醛的存在使膜的相容性得到改善。     

壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附性能

先以天然鳞片石墨为原料，硝酸与磷酸为插层剂，高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备膨胀石墨，再与壳聚糖按一定的配比制备壳聚糖/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂；利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对壳聚糖/膨胀石墨进行表征；以壳聚糖/膨胀石墨为吸附剂，对刚果红废水进行吸附，考察壳聚糖/膨胀石墨的配比、吸附剂用量、刚果红质量浓度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响. 实验结果表明：壳聚糖已与膨胀石墨成功结合；当m（膨胀石墨）∶m（壳聚糖）= 3∶1、吸附剂用量为1.75 g/L、刚果红质量浓度为250 mg/L、在室温下吸附40 min时，吸附效果最好；吸附过程更符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程；实验数据与Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度更好，壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附过程为单分子层吸附.