电刺激大鼠mPFC对听皮层神经元听反应的影响

实验在40只成年SD大鼠上进行,使用常规电生理学方法,观察了电刺激大鼠内侧额叶前皮质(medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)对听皮层神经元听反应的影响.在122个神经元上观察了电刺激mPFC对听反应的影响.对其中93个神经元作了详细分析发现,有73个神经元的听反应受到易化（39个,41.9%）或抑制（34个,36.6%）.刺激mPFC对听反应的影响存在最佳刺激间隔,大多数神经元（51个,69%）在10~15 ms之间.结果提示,大鼠mPFC可对听皮层神经元的听反应调制,这种调制可能是通过多级神经元环路实现的.     

自发说谎的光学脑成像研究

基于功能性近红外光谱技术,采用半自发说谎范式考察对个人信息自发说谎的神经机制. 实验以26名大学生志愿者为研究对象,将其分为说谎组和控制组. 在说谎组中,要求研究对象对个人信息进行自发说谎;而在控制组中,要求研究对象对个人信息全部说真话. 研究采用含氧血红蛋白增量作为神经激活的指标. 结果表明,对个人信息进行自发说谎可引发左侧额中回的显著激活,不进行自发说谎的则不引发前额皮层区域的显著激活.     

工作记忆编码腹侧海马和内侧前额叶皮层局部场电位信号的相位同步分析

研究比较大鼠在静息状态下和工作记忆编码阶段腹侧海马和内侧前额叶皮层局部场电位相位同步的变化,分析相位在工作记忆任务相关信息处理中的作用机制。研究数据为6只SD大鼠静息状态和执行Y迷宫空间工作记忆任务时采集的腹侧海马和内侧前额叶皮层的局部场电位信号,计算两个脑区局部场电位信号之间的加权相位滞后指数值。研究结果表明,与静息状态相比,在工作记忆编码阶段,腹侧海马和内侧前额叶皮层之间的相位同步性在theta频段选择性地显著增加。腹侧海马和内侧前额叶皮层theta频段的相位同步是工作记忆编码阶段任务信息处理的一个作用机制。     

心理理论脑机制的分歧:前额叶中部与颞顶联合区

系统介绍了心理理论神经机制探索领域中主要存在的分歧,并分析了可能的原因.从整体上看,该分歧定位在一个问题之上:前额叶中部与颞顶联合区,谁才是心理理论神经机制中的核心.研究范式和材料的不统一性、心理过程的不单一性、生态效度不同质性等问题可能是造成分歧的原因.     

刺激扣带皮层前部对大鼠初级体感皮层神经元诱发放电活动的影响

用细胞外记录单位放电的方法观察了刺激大鼠扣带皮层前部(ACC)对初级体感皮层(Sm．Ⅰ)接受触压觉传入神经元诱发放电的影响，神经元的鉴别方法是外周神经碰撞试验和自然触压觉刺激验证，在所鉴别的45个神经元中，14个神经元的诱发放电受到了易化性影响，9个神经元的诱发放电受到了抑制性影响，扣带皮层前部影响的潜伏期为6～25ms，作用时程为50～150ms，上述结果提示，扣带皮层前部在皮层触压觉信息的整合中具有一定作用。     

甘氨酸对大鼠前额叶皮质锥体神经元串连动作电位影响的研究

目的:研究甘氨酸对大鼠前额叶皮质锥体神经元串连动作电位的影响。方法:大鼠前额叶皮质切片,全细胞膜片钳记录锥体神经元串连动作电位。结果:甘氨酸(300μmol/L)可显著降低大鼠前额叶皮质锥体神经元串连动作电位的发放频率,其作用可被番木鳖碱(1μmol/L)所阻断,表明其作用部位为番木鳖碱依赖性甘氨酸受体。甘氨酸还引起膜超极化,延长动作电位的潜伏期,加快复极化进程。结论:前额叶皮质的甘氨酸受体可能在VTA-NAcc-PFC神经环路的调控中发挥重要作用。     

图像的局部自相似性用于边缘检测的方法研究

定义了一种局部图像自相似性测度．根据图像在边缘点处具有较好的局部自相似性这一特点，提出了基于局部图像自相似性的边缘检测新方法．实验结果表明，这种方法可以有效地提取图像边缘，并且具有较好的抗噪性能     

The neural mechanisms of pain-related affect and memory

The pain experience includes a sensory-discriminative and an emotional-affective components. The affective dimension refers to the unpleasantness or aversion of sensation. The great progress at the genetic, molecular, cellular, and systemic levels on the study of the sensory dimension of pain has been made over past four decades. However, “to consider only the sensory features of pain, and ignore its motivational and affective properties, is to look at only part of the problem and not even the most important part of that”. A line of clinic observations indicate that the patients with chronic pain suffer from much more affective disturbance than pain itself. Obviously, physiological arousal and hypervigilance to pain cause negative affect, such as anxiety, anger, worry, aversion, even tendency of suicide, these negative affective states in turn enhance pain sensation. Today, more and more attention has been paid to the study on mechanisms underlying affective dimension of pain. In order to deepen and expand our understanding of the nature of pain, this review summarizes the main progress and recent findings from our laboratory regarding affective component of pain in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and cell biochemistry.     

时间加工的神经基础

时间是我们生存的基本维度,理解时间加工的神经基础对于感知觉、运动控制等领域有重要意义.本文通过综述相关研究总结了毫秒级和秒级时间加工的神经基础,从目前的研究成果来看,时间加工的神经基础是分布式的而非集中式的,主要在小脑、基底神经节和大脑皮层进行.目前还未有理论能统一解释时间加工的机制,未来研究还需深入对时间加工的机制的探讨.     

NR1基因敲除对小鼠前额叶脑区LTP的影响

用前脑特异性NR1基因敲除小鼠,采用离体脑片场电位技术,研究了NR1亚基在前额叶脑区突触可塑性中的作用.刺激强度—反应(input-output curve)和双脉冲抑制反应(paired pulse depression, PPD)的结果表明,与同窝对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的基本突触传递无明显变化.采用高频刺激(100 Hz, 1 000 ms ×2, 间隔30 s)在小鼠的前额叶脑区诱导长时程增强(long-term potentiation, LTP),与对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的LTP明显受损.以上数据提示,NR1亚基在前额叶脑区LTP的诱导中起着重要的作用.     

Right prefrontal laterality of Chinese boys during a Chinese high conflict Stroop task measured by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy imaging

Some studies have shown that native Chinese speakers have different laterality in matched Stroop tasks from native English speakers. Recently, many imaging data, which show left laterality of English-matched Stroop interference, have been reported. And a few functional imaging studies have been conducted to investigate the phenomenon of the Chinese version of Stroop task. In this study, functional activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex of a group of normal Chinese boys with functional near-infrared imaging during a Stroop color-word task was measured to show different Stroop interferences in the prefrontal cortex. The results show obvious fluctuation of the cerebral blood volume in the right prefrontal cortex in all boys, which agrees with the finding of previous studies, that is, Chinese native boys have right laterality in their brain when the Chinese version of Stroop color-word task is applied.     

Right prefrontal laterality of Chinese boys during a Chinese high conflict Stroop task measured by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy imaging

Some studies have shown that native Chinese speakers have different laterality in matched Stroop tasks from native English speakers.Recently,many imaging data,which show left laterality of English-matched Stroop interference,have been reported.And a few functional imaging studies have been conducted to investigate the phenomenon of the Chinese version of Stroop task.In this study,functional activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex of a group of normal Chinese boys with functional near-infrared imaging during a Stroop color-word task was measured to show different Stroop interferences in the prefrontal cortex.The results show obvious fluctuation of the cerebral blood volume in the right prefrontal cortex in all boys,which agrees with the finding of previous studies,that is,Chinese native boys have right laterality in their brain when the Chinese version of Stroop color-word task is applied.     

水平集理论在磁共振脑图像分割中的模型研究

灰度不均匀性常出现在医学图像中,给图像分割问题带来很大困扰.为了提高鲁棒性,可在分割模型中引入各种先验知识,例如形状和灰度分布信息.而传统的引入先验知识的分割算法,如神经网络算法,仍存在许多问题,包括数据计算量大和边界不连续等.为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于水平集理论的分割算法.利用局部区域的灰度信息定义能量函数,然后根据能量函数的最小化机制引导水平集曲线进化并最终收敛到目标边界.在仿真实验中,将局域化的水平集算法与传统的自组织映射神经网络算法进行比较.结果表明,所得到的算法在鲁棒去噪和目标边界的连续性方面效果更佳.     

工程记录曲线的自动提取和数字恢复

工程记录曲线的数字化对实现这些资源的数字存储、利用以及共享和交流具有非常重要的意义.作者采用图像处理和模式识别的理论与技术,提出一种新方法实现坐标纸绘制曲线的自动提取和数字恢复.这种方法包括基于中轴变换的交叉曲线分离的方法,基于空域-频域信息融合的种子复原和二阶导数的间断曲线的提取方法.该方法的优点是速度快,自动化和智能化程度高.     

食物决策的认知神经机制及肥胖人群运动干预建议

 在综述食物决策的认知神经机制、运动干预与食物决策交互作用的基础上,提出了运动改善肥胖人群食物决策的认知神经机制框架,认为运动可能通过改善肥胖人群的执行控制网络进而改善食物决策;回顾了不同剂量的运动影响肥胖人群食物决策的研究成果,发现持续20 min以上、中至高强度的运动可能对肥胖人群的食物决策产生积极效应。     

大脑前额叶扣带回皮层调制丘脑触觉信息的途径研究

大脑前额叶扣带回皮层是一个与感觉功能密切相关的脑区,它能够对丘脑触觉反应进行调制.实验在10只戊巴比妥钠（1%）麻醉的SD雄性大鼠上进行,采用辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase,HRP）逆行标记的方法,对扣带皮层前部调制丘脑腹侧基底核（ventrobasal,VB）感觉信息的途径进行了研究.实验结果显示,VB核可以接受扣带皮层后部的投射,而且扣带皮层前部有纤维投射到扣带皮层后部.由此提示了前扣带皮层对丘脑腹侧基底核神经元触觉信息调制的可能神经环路是：扣带皮层前部-扣带皮层后部-丘脑腹侧基底核.     

基于VB的图像处理技术及图像处理软件

《数字图像处理》是信息处理专业生的一门重要课程,开发一个适合教学的图像处理教学演示软件对于该门课程的建设具有重要的意义.介绍了基于VB的图像处理软件的制作及图像处理技术,经过教学实践应用,该软件操作方便、界面美观、可视性好.     

试论学生自我心像的优化

自我心像是人们在长期社会化生活过程中,在各种主客观因素的综合影响和作用之下,通过自我判断、自我认知、自我评价,在内心深处逐渐形成的关于自我的个体人格系统形态。自我心像应是判别学生是否具有进取精神和人格魅力、能否成为优秀学生的关键要素之一。学生不良自我心像有诸多形成因素,对其进行优化,意义重大。通过修正错位的自我心像,可以有效地实现学生自我心像的优化。     

Does the FRN in brain potentials reflect motivational/affective consequence of outcome evaluation?

Electrophysiological studies have utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural processes related to the evaluation of the outcome of behavioral performance or to the evaluation of external feedback. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in brain potentials has been shown to be sensitive to information indicating monetary loss or negative feedback. Since monetary loss usually indicates both the consequence of previous performance and the reward value of stimuli, it is controversial whether the FRN reflects the cognitive process of error detection per se and/or the motivational/affective process related to the subjective evaluation of the error. This study manipulated the motivational/affective significance of negative feedback by penalizing errors in a context-dependent way in a line judgment task. Participants could lose more money in the loss incentive condition or win less money in the win incentive condition if their subsequent judgment of line segments was less accurate, whereas they could receive performance feedback but without monetary incentive in the neutral condition. Results showed that the size of the FRN effect as well as the size of the P300 effect, as assessed by comparing brain responses to the error trials with the responses to the correct trials, increased linearly over the loss, neutral, and win conditions, suggesting that the FRN is sensitive to the motivational/affective evaluation of the performance outcome.     

Does the FRN in brain potentials reflect motivational/affective consequence of outcome evaluation?

Electrophysiological studies have utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural processes related to the evaluation of the outcome of behavioral performance or to the evaluation of external feedback. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in brain potentials has been shown to be sensitive to information indicating monetary loss or negative feedback. Since monetary loss usually indicates both the consequence of previous performance and the reward value of stimuli, it is controversial whether the FRN reflects the cognitive process of error detection per se and/or the motivational/affective process related to the subjective evaluation of the error. This study manipulated the motivational/affective significance of negative feedback by penalizing errors in a context-dependent way in a line judgment task. Participants could lose more money in the loss incentive condition or win less money in the win incentive condition if their subsequent judgment of line segments was less accurate, whereas they could receive performance feedback but without monetary incentive in the neutral condition. Results showed that the size of the FRN effect as well as the size of the P300 effect, as assessed by comparing brain responses to the error trials with the responses to the correct trials, increased linearly over the loss, neutral, and win conditions, suggesting that the FRN is sensitive to the motivational/affective evaluation of the performance outcome.