平纵组合线形几何特征对车速变化的影响

利用同济大学高仿真驾驶模拟器,采集山区高速公路连续车速数据,将车速变化划分为减速、稳定车速及提速3个区间.通过多项Logistic回归模型建立组合线形及相邻路段几何特征与车速变化的定量关系.结果表明:组合线形中,坡长越长,平均坡度越大,越不易维持稳定车速;下坡时,提速通过平纵组合线形路段的可能性大;向左转弯,维持稳定车速的可能性大;上游和平纵组合线形的坡度差越大,越不易维持稳定车速;下游路段的曲率越大,减速通过平纵组合线形路段的可能性越大.     

公路长大下坡路段小客车运行速度预测模型

为了提高高等级公路长大下坡路段交通安全设施设置的合理性,给出了长大下坡路段小客车运行速度数据采集方案;利用数理统计原理,分析了高等级公路长大下坡路段小客车运行速度与坡长、坡度的关系,建立了高等级公路长大下坡路段小客车运行速度的一般预测模型,利用长大下坡路段实测数据对该模型进行了验证.预测车速与观测车速对比结果表明:各观测断面的预测车速与实地观测车速数值基本相符,高等级公路长大下坡路段车辆的运行速度主要受平均纵坡和坡长的影响;根据实测数据建立的车速预测模型能够反映高等级公路长大下坡路段小客车运行速度的分布规律.     

高速公路隧道路段小客车运行速度预测模型

为了提高隧道进出口位置处的安全性,对隧道路段运行速度的预测模型进行研究。在分析隧道路段短、中、特长隧道路段的运行速度连续变化特性基础上,对影响运行速度的因素进行分析,并做单因素分析;选取影响运行速度的显著因素,如曲率变化率、曲度、弯坡组合、圆曲线半径进行多元回归,建立隧道路段出入口及隧道内运行速度预测模型,并通过实车数据对所建立模型进行检验。研究结果表明:建立的高速公路隧道路段运行速度模型能够精确预测隧道各路段运行速度,预测结果与实际结果的平均残差值为4.06km/h,且检验残差均服从正态分布,说明该模型有效;提出的运行速度预测模型的精度较高,可以在高速公路隧道路段实际应用,为高速公路隧道路段安全审查与评价山区高速公路特殊位置速度预测提供参考。     

基于驾驶行为需求的长大纵坡界定

考虑到山区高速公路的设计中长大纵坡路段的设计,且现行路线设计规范中没有针对长大纵坡路段给出界定标准的问题.本文从驾驶需求出发,将车辆运行速度作为驾驶行为的宏观表现,对长大纵坡路段驾驶行为特性进行分析.采集20名大货车驾驶员在长大纵坡路段实车试验数据,分析得到驾驶员在长大纵坡路段运行速度与平均纵坡坡度和坡长之间的互动关系,建立了大货车运行速度预测模型.分析得到设计速度为60 km/h的山区高速公路在不同平均纵坡条件下最大坡长.      

基于驾驶疲劳的高海拔地区公路平曲线线形指标试验研究

为提高高海拔地区公路平曲线路段交通安全,进行驾驶员疲劳测试试验。采用心率血氧测试仪、非接触式光电速度传感仪等仪器采集驾驶员在高海拔地区一级公路平曲线路段行驶过程中的心率血氧数据与汽车运行速度。分析驾驶员在该路段行驶过程中的驾驶疲劳特性,建立了驾驶疲劳度与平曲线曲率变化率之间的关系模型。试验结果表明,在高海拔地区长直路段或大半径圆曲线后接曲率变化率为0.06(°)/m或半径为800 m的圆曲线可有效缓解驾驶员驾驶疲劳。     

山区道路弯坡组合路段重载车辆行驶速度模型

为解决山区复杂公路三维空间线形条件下的重型车辆运行速度预测问题,提出了一种新的弯坡组合路段运行速度建模思路并给出了实现技术。以基于平面和横断面要素的运行速度曲线作为纵坡路段的期望速度;同时,在加速度模型中引入单位质量比功率来反映货车动力性能差异和荷载情况;再通过加速性能使用系数和速度敏感性阈值来描述驾驶行为差异性;最后,以2条直坡道和2条复杂山区公路作为算例。研究结果表明:模型能够预测出坡道任意位置的速度值,用其可以得到车速降低/升高至某一值时的行驶距离,从而能够对临界坡长进行控制;能够体现平面线形的影响,借助该模型能够实现对复杂山区公路空间线形的综合评价。     

山区高速公路相邻组合路段设计安全评估

利用驾驶模拟技术,基于湖南省永吉高速公路道路设计参数及周边地形环境参数,搭建了山区高速公路驾驶场景.以直线与平曲线及平曲线与平曲线两类相邻组合路段为研究对象,从实验设计、数据处理、指标选取、模型建立方面介绍了以驾驶模拟数据为基础的道路安全评价方法.实验结果表明,直线与平曲线相邻路段,直线长度、运行车速均与断面车速差呈正相关;平曲线与平曲线相邻路段,前一平曲线路段长度、前后平曲线半径之比均与断面车速差呈正相关.根据断面车速差分布特征,可将相邻组合路段线形安全性划分为"GOOD","FAIR"和"POOR".     

连续长大下坡路段大货车运行速度预测模型

针对既有线形一致性评价方法未考虑连续长大下坡道路特性的问题,利用10个高速公路连续长大下坡路段的95个特征断面运行速度观测数据,分析了大货车运行速度与坡长、平均纵坡和曲率的关系,建立了大货车运行速度与车辆驶离连续长大下坡起点的距离、车辆至连续长大下坡起点的平均纵坡的关系模型,提出了基于大货车运行速度的连续长大下坡路段线形一致性评价方法. 研究结果表明,提出的模型反映了连续长大下坡路段大货车的运行速度特征,可为高速公路连续长大下坡路段路线安全设计和线形一致性分析提供理论支撑.     

城市地下道路车速特征及运行车速模型

采用实车测速实验,在上海市8条城市地下道路中进行车速数据的采集,并选取156个典型线形路段,研究地下道路中车速的分布特征及运行车速.通过多元逐步线性回归建立城市地下道路运行车速预测模型,模型自变量包括车道宽度、纵坡、车道数、限速、分合流、洞口等.结果表明,预测模型的拟合效果良好,通过预测值和实测值的比较验证了模型的有效性.同时发现限速对城市地下道路中运行车速的影响很小.运行车速预测模型适用于设计车速在40~80km·h-1,双向4~8车道的城市地下道路中.     

基于自然驾驶试验的山区公路纵坡路段驾驶负荷分析

为得到驾驶人在纵坡路段上行车时的驾驶负荷及其影响因素,在山区复杂线形公路上开展了自然驾驶试验,采集了真实驾驶习惯条件下的汽车行驶速度、轨迹、加速度等运行参数和驾驶人心电信号,分析了公路纵面线形参数、汽车加(减)速度与驾驶人心率增长率H_(RI)之间的关系.结果表明,纵坡参数、加速度与H_(RI)三者之间相互影响.坡长与H_(RI)之间存在较弱的正相关性;坡度与H_(RI)之间存在较强的相关性,其中下坡路段的相关性强于上坡路段,并且坡长越长,坡度增加导致H_(RI)的增长越明显;H_(RI)与加(减)速度正相关,坡度越大,H_(RI)对加(减)速度的变化越敏感,且下坡路段减速度与H_(RI)的相关性较上坡路段加速度与H_(RI)的相关性更显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that