掺钆液闪探测器用于锦屏地下实验室的快中子本底测量

文章采用掺杂0.5%Gd液闪探测器测量了中国锦屏地下实验室(CJPL)的快中子本底通量及中子能谱.掺钆液闪探测器对于核反冲信号和电子反冲信号优异的甄别性能用于中子候选事例的筛选,并采用钆对热中子的俘获特性进行时间甄别.对有效采数时间为206 d的数据进行分析,获得锦屏地下实验室的聚乙烯室(PE)内1～10 MeV快中子通量为4.45×10~(-8)cm~(-2)·s~(-1).采用相似的方式分析了掺钆液闪探测器(Gd-Ls)中天然放射系的α本底程度,来源于~(238)U,~(235)U,~(232)Th的α粒子含量分别为(0.0227±0.0001) s~(-1),(0.0329±0.0001) s~(-1)和(0.1471±0.0002) s~(-1).与世界上其他深地实验室的快中子通量进行对比,CJPL的快中子通量处于极低水平,是进行稀有事例测量实验的理想场所.     

载钆液闪探测器的稳定性测试与探测效率刻度

中国暗物质实验(China dark matter experiment,CDEX)合作组设计并研制了大体积载钆液体闪烁体快中子探测器,用于中国锦屏地下实验室(China JinPing underground laboratory,CJPL)的快中子本底测量。该探测器基于反冲质子信号与钆俘获热中子产生的γ信号之间的符合测量方法,有效地抑制环境γ本底,提高对快中子的探测灵敏度。该文对该探测器进行了稳定性测试和单能中子探测效率刻度,实验结果表明:该探测器稳定可靠,且具有良好的中子、γ信号甄别能力,以及较高的探测效率,适合对地下实验室极低通量快中子进行测量。     

14.7MeV中子在铅上小角弹性散射测量

利用快中子位置炅敏谱仪和伴随粒子飞行时间技术测量了14.7 Mev中子在Pb上的小角弹性散射微分戴面、给出了2.7°—9.9°角区与最新发表的实验数据比较一致的微分截面值,证明利用长液闪快中子位置炅敏谱仪新技术测量小角散射是可行的。     

5~10 MeV能区γ本底对锦屏深地核天体物理反应测量的影响探究

天体物理感兴趣能区(伽莫夫窗口)的带电粒子核反应截面极小,在地面进行测量会受到宇宙射线诱发本底的严重干扰．进行地下实验室核反应测量成为解决这一问题的主要途径．锦屏深地核天体物理实验（JUNA）装置是我国首个地下核天体反应测量设施,为开展恒星核合成关键反应直接测量提供了绝佳机遇．本工作测量了锗酸铋(BGO)探测阵列和溴化镧(LaBr₃)探测器在JUNA装置上的γ本底能谱,并通过减小符合时间、点火数选择、粒子甄别等技术,进一步压低了5~10 MeV能区的γ本底,同时讨论了探测器本底对部分JUNA计划开展的核天体反应测量的影响．      

Elman神经网络在中子解谱中的应用

人工神经网络由于其优良的自我调节能力及学习能力,已经被广泛地应用在各领域的非线性分析中.在中国锦屏极深地下实验室(CJPL)中的低本底液闪中子探测器一直在记录着中子的本底数据,探测器输出的能谱实际上是核反冲能谱,与输入能谱可一一对应,并随着输入能谱的改变而发生改变;因此可以将探测器输出信号输入到训练过的神经网络中判断输入能谱.本论文采用的神经网络为Elman神经网络,训练神经网络采用的数据为Geant4模拟所得.将实验获取的核反冲能谱输入到训练过的神经网路进行反解,最后Elman网络反解出的Am-Be中子源能谱与真实谱误差在0.1%～11.8%,反解出的~(252)Cf中子源能谱与真实谱误差在0.1%～8.9%.     

锗酸铋晶体中子辐照诱导色心的研究

对锗酸铋晶体进行了两种不同剂量的14.6MeV快中子辐照.利用常规的核探测技术,通过测量其辐照前后　Cs的γ能谱来观察峰总比的变化,研究了辐照诱导色心对于荧光输出和中子剂量对于辐照诱导色本底能谱和137心密度的影响.     

大亚湾反应堆中微子实验的快中子本底研究

在大亚湾反应堆中微子实验反电子中微子信号残留快中子本底估算的研究中,可以通过对仅经过内水池探测系统的μ子致散裂快中子的分析,实现对快中子快信号能谱的测定.给出快中子的快信号各类本底信噪比和能谱,进而确定可以用线性外推法对反电子中微子信号中的残留快中子本底数目进行估算.     

高纯锗探测器在粒子物理与天体物理中的应用

本文介绍了近年来高纯锗探测器技术的发展和新型高纯锗探测器在粒子物理、天体物理领域的应用,特别是高纯锗探测器在暗物质直接探测、双β衰变实验等极低本底的重要基础前沿研究方面的应用.中国已经建成了世界垂直岩石覆盖最深的地下实验室——中国锦屏地下实验室.中国科学家组成的CDEX研究团队拟利用吨量级的点接触电极高纯锗探测器阵列系统,在中国锦屏地下实验室开展暗物质直接实验研究,本文也介绍了这一实验计划.     

长计数器的效率刻度及其应用

为了准确测定241Am-Be 中子源的强度,研制了一套长计数器测量系统,并利用四川大学2.5MV质子静电加速器产生的单能中子在多个中子能点对其探测效率进行刻度,在刻度过程中中子注量由金活化法确定,并采用挡锥法扣除大厅散射中子本底的贡献.结果表明我们研制的长计数器在所刻度的中子能区范围内具有很好的坪特性.用该长计数器测量系统测得241Am-Be 源的强度为7.188×105/s ,不确定度为3.5%.     

修正快中子通量以提高碳氧测量精度的研究

用MCNP-4C程序模拟了30个煤炭样品,并找出快中子通量与元素含量间的关系.利用文献方法计算出元素含量,并以此含量修正快中子通量,修正后可以提高元素的测量精度,提高精度后的元素含量反过来可以修正中子通量.结果表明,经过多次修正后,测量精度得到较大的提高,能够达到煤炭工业应用的要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that